
Glass. 
Book 



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5-8S 



Parts of the Body 

in Older Germanic and 

Scandinavian 



By 
TORILD W. ARNOLDSON 



LINGUISTIC STUDIES IN GERMANIC 

Edited bv FRANCIS A. WOOD 



NO. II 



THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS 
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 



Agents 

THE BAKER & TAYLOR COMPANY, New York 

THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, London and Edinburgh 

THE MARUZEN-KABUSHIKI-KAISHA, Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto 

KARL W. HIERSEMANN, Leipzig 



MOflOgUjfll 



This series, appearing at irregular intervals, 
will consist of studies in etymology and 
semantics. Each study will be a contribu- 
tion to linguistic science. 

Francis A. Wood 






If 



Parts of the Body in Older Germanic 
and Scandinavian 



THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS 
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 



Agpnta 
THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS 

LONDON AND EDINBURGH 

THE MARUZEN-KABUSHIKI-KAISHA 

TOKYO, OSAKA, KYOTO 

KARL W. HIERSEMANN 

LEIPZIG 

THE BAKER & TAYLOR COMPANY 

NEW YORK 



Parts of the Body 

in Older Germanic and 

Scandinavian 



By 
TORILD W. ARNOLDSON 




THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS 
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 






Copyright 191 5 By 
The University of Chicago 



All Rights Reserved 



Published November 1915 



CI.A416394 



Composed and Printed By 

The University of Chicago Press 

Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. 



MQV 131915 
4tO,l 



PREFACE 

The following investigation, begun in 1906, is concerned with 
Gothic, Old and Modern Norse, Old English, Old Frisian, Old Saxon' 
Old Low German, Old High German, and Middle High German. It 
is not meant to furnish an etymological dictionary of words denoting 
parts of the body in these dialects, for it traces, not the origin of 
words, but the origin of certain ideas. Given a particular part of the 
body, the question is to find the primary meanings from which this 
idea developed through the various words used to express it. For 
example the idea 'hand' is found to go back to first meanings like 
'grasp, clutch; hook, bend; projection; lump, bunch/ etc. 

The words are arranged according to the respective parts of the 
body in the order given under the caption "Contents," first those of 
he head, then the upper and lower limbs, the trunk, the inner organs, 
pudenda, miscellaneous, including skin, blood, flesh, bone, hair. 
Under each part the words are grouped according to primary (gen- 
erally descriptive) meanings, each paragraph forming an etymologi- 
cal unit. 

The works from which material has been collected are mentioned 
in the bibliography. 

The author is indebted to his esteemed friend and teacher, Pro- 
fessor Francis A. Wood, of the University of Chicago, for inspiration 
and generous criticism. A "(W.)" after an explanation indicates an 
explanation furnished by him from unpublished notes. 



SOURCES AND LESS COMMON ABBREVIATIONS 

Aasen, Ivar. Norsk Ordbog. Christiania, 1873. 

Bjorkman, C. G. Svensk-Engelsk Ordbok. Stockholm, 1889. 

Bornh. = dialect of Bornholm. 

Bosw. =Bosworth, Joseph. An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary. Oxford, 

1882. 
Braune, Wilhelm. Althochdeutsches Lesebuch. Halle, 1897. 
Espersen, J. C. S. Bornholmsk Ordbog. Ko'benhavn, 1908. 
ESw. =Sw. dial, according to Vendell, Herman. Ordbok over de Ost- 

svenska Dialekterna. Helsingfors, 1904. 
Far. = dialect of the Faroes. 
F-T = Falk und Torp. Norwegisch-Ddnisches Etymologisches Worter- 

buch. Heidelberg, 1910-11. 
Feilberg, H. F. Bidrag til en Ordbog over Jyske Almuesmal. Kjo'ben- 

havn, 1841 f. 
Freudenthal ok Vendell. Ordbok ofver Estldndsk-Svenska Dialek- 
terna. Helsingfors, 1886. 
Fritzner, Johan. Ordbog over det Gamle Norske Sprog. Kristiania, 

1886. 
Gallee, J. H. Vorstudien zu einem altniederdeutschen Worterbuch. 

Leiden, 1903. 
Gering, Hugo, Glossar zu den Liedern der Edda. Paderborn und 

Minister, 1887. 
Haldorsen, Biorn. Lexicon islandico-latino-danicum. Havnise, 1814. 
Hammarschaimb. Fcer0sk Anthologi. Ko'benhavn, 1891. 
Heyne, Moritz. Heliand. Paderborn, 1873. 
Hirt, Hermann. Etymologic der neuhochdeutschen Sprache. Miin- 

chen, 1909. 
Holthausen, F. Altsdchsisches Elementarbuch. Heidelberg, 1900. 
Hyrtl, Joseph. Die alten deutschen Kunstworte der Anatomic 
Ihre, Joh. Svenskt Dialect Lexicon. Upsala, 1766. 

vii 



Vlll SOURCES AND LESS COMMON ABBREVIATIONS 

Jakobsen = Jakobsen, Jakob. Etymologisk Ordbog over det Norr0ne 

Sprog pa Shetland. Ko'benhavn, 1908 f . 
Jakobsen, Jakob. Fwrfiske Folkesagn og Mventyr. Ko'benhavn, 

1898-1901. 
Kalkar, O. Ordbog til det aildre Danske Sprog 1300-1700. Kjzfoen- 

havn, 1881 f. 
Larsen, A. Dansk-norsk-engelsk Ordbog. Tredje Udgave. Ko'ben- 

havn, 1897. 
Lexer, Matthias. Mittelhochdeutsches Taschenworterbuch. Leipzig, 

1885. 
Linder, N. Om Allmogemalet i Sodra More Hdrad af Kalmar Ian. 

Upsala, 1867. 
Ltibben, Aug. Mittelniederdeutsches Handworterbuch. Norden u. 

Leipzig, 1888. 

Lund, V. Det celdste Danske Skriftsprogs Ordforraad. 

Lundell, J. A. Nyare Bidrag till Kdnnedom om de Svenska Lands- 

malen ock Svenskt Folklif. Stockholm, 1879 f . 
Martin, Ernst. Reinaert. Paderborn, 1874. 
Mobius, Theodor. Altnordisches Glossar. Leipzig, 1866. 
Molbech, C. Dansk Dialect Lexicon. Ki^benhavn, 1841. 
Ork. = dialect of the Orkneys. 

Richthofen, Karl Freiherr von. Altfriesisches Worterbuch. Gottin- 
gen, 1840. 

Rz. =Rietz, Johan Ernst. Svenskt Dialektlexikon. Lund, 1867. 

Ross, Hans. Norsk Ordbog. Christiania, 1895. 

Schade, Oskar. Altdeutsches Worterbuch. Zweite Auflage. Halle a. 

S., 1872-82. 
Shetl. = dialect of Shetland. 

Schiller und Ltibben. Mittelhochdeutsches Worterbuch. Bremen, 

1877. 

Sidenbladh, Karl. Allmogemalet i Norra Angermanland. 

Sodervall, K. F. Ordbok ofver Svenska Medeltids-spraket. Lund, 
1884 f . 

Sw. = Swedish. 



SOURCES AND LESS COMMON ABBREVIATIONS IX 

Swab.=Swabian. 

Sweet, Henry. The Student's Dictionary of Anglo-Saxon. Oxford 

University Press, 1897. 
Thone, Franz. Die Namen der menschlichen Korperteile bei den 

Angelsachsen. Diss. Kiel, 1912. 
Thorkelsen, Jon. Supplement til islandske Ordbo'ger. Reykjavik- 

Ko'benhavn, 1890-99. 
Uhrstrom, Wilh. Stockholms Skolpojkssprak. Stockholm, 1910. 
Uhrstrom, Wilh. Stockholmska Slang, Vulgarismer och Skdmtord. 

Stockholm, 1911. 
Vendell, Herman. Ordbok over de Ostsvenska Dialekterna. Helsing- 

fors, 1904. (ESw.) 
Vendell, Herman. Ordbok ofver Pedersore-Purmo-Malet i Osterbotten, 

in Bidrag till Kdnnedom om Finlands Natur och Folk, utgifna af 

Finska Vetenskaps-Societeten. 56 e haftet. Helsingfors, 1895. 
Vigfussen, Gudbrand. An Icelandic-English Dictionary. Oxford, 

1874. 
Zoega, Geir T. A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic. Oxford, 1910. 
Zoega, G. T. tslenzk-Ensk Ordabok. Reykjavik, 1904. 



CONTENTS 

(An alphabetic index is found at the close of the volume) 

Head 

1. Head, Skull — 2. Brain — 3. Crown of the Head — 4. Crest — 5. Scalp — 
6. Forehead— 7. Temple— 8. Tentacles— 9. Face— 10. Eye— 11. Eyebrow— 
12. Eyelash— 13. Eyelid— 14. Eye-socket— 15. Pupil of the Eye— 16. Eye- 
ball— 17. The White of the Eye— 18. The Blue in the Eye— 19. Corner of 
the Eye— 20. Ear— 21. Ear-lobe— 22. Eardrum— 23. Nose, Snout, Beak— 
24. Nostril— 25. Septum of the Nose— 26. Mouth— 27. Corner of the Mouth— 
28. Tongue— 29. Root of the Tongue— 30. Tip of the Tongue— 31. Uvula— 32. 
Tooth— 33. Lip— 34. Harelip— 35. Cheek— 36. Cheek Bone— 37. Dimple 
—38. Chin— 39. Double Chin— 40. Jaw— 41. Neck— 42. Pit of the Neck or 
Nape— 43. Throat— 44. Palate— 45. Gill— 46. Larynx— 47. Glottis— 48. Epi- 
glottis — 49. Adam's Apple. 

Limbs 

50. Arm — 51. Arm Bone — 52. Armpit — 53. Biceps — 54. Elbow — 55. Wrist 
—56. Hand— 57. Palm— 58. Hollow of the Hand— 59. Back of the Hand— 
60. Right Hand— 61. Left Hand— 62. Finger— 63. Finger Tip— 64. Little 
Finger— 65. Ring Finger— 66. Middle Finger— 67. Forefinger— 68. Thumb— 
69. Knuckle— 70. Nail— 71. Claw— 72. Feather, Wing— 73. Fin— 74. Crotch 
—75. Limb— 76. Thigh— 77. Leg, Shank— 78. Shin— 79. Calf— 80. Knee— 
81. Knee Joint, Bend of the Knee— 82. Kneepan— 83. Foot, Paw— 84. Web- 
foot— 85. Flipper— 86. Ankle— 87. Instep— 88. Arch of the Foot— 89. Sole— 
90. Heel— 91. Heel Bone— 92. Hoof— 93. Toe. 

Trunk 

94. Body, Trunk— 95. Clavicle— 96. Scapula— 97. Shoulder— 98. Withers 
—99. Breast, Lap— 100. Breastbone— 101. Nipple— 102. Waist— 103. 
Belly— 104. Navel— 105. Diaphragm— 106. Perineum— 107. Rib— 108. 
Vertebra— 109. Spine— 110. Hump of the Back— 111. Back— 112. Rump— 
113. Anus— 114. Tail— 115. Pelvis— 116. Hip, Haunch— 117. Hip Bone— 
118. Flank, Side, Loin— 119. Groin. 

Organs 

120. Heart— 121. Pericardium— 122. Lungs— 123. Liver— 124. Lobe 
of the Liver— 125. Milt— 126. Kidney— 127. Crop— 128. Gizzard— 129. 
Stomach— 130. Pit of the Stomach— 131. Rumen— 132. Reticulum— 133. 



Xll CONTENTS 

Omasum — 134. Abomasum — 135. Entrails (Viscera) — 136. Entrails (In- 
testines)— 137. Appendix— 138. Bladder— 139. Womb— 140. Pudenda in 
General — 141. Membrum Virile — 142. Testicle, Scrotum — 143. Pudendum 
Muliebre. 

Miscellaneous 

144. Membrane (Caul, Omentum, Afterbirth, Amnion, Chorion) — 
145. Skin— 146. Prepuce— 147. Scale— 148. Nerve, Tendon— 149. Muscle— 
150. Pore— 151. Vein, Artery, Urethra— 152. Blood— 153. Flesh— 154. Fat, 
Blubber— 155. Marrow— 156. Quick— 157. Horn— 158. Joint— 159. Cartilage 
—160. Bone— 161. Skeleton— 162. Hair. 



1. Head, Skull 
Top, Summit 

1:01. OHG. gebal, gibilla, MHG. gebel Schadel, Kopf, Giebel, 
OLG. gebil } gibilla Hirnschale, Schadel: Goth, gibla Giebel, Zinne, 
OHG. gibil, MHG. gibel y Du. gevel Giebel, ON. gafl, OE. gafol fork, 
MLG. gafele gable, Gr. K€<t>a\i] head. Fick I 4 , 415. Cf. 40: 13. 

1 : 02. Sw. dial, hdrna skull, head, mass of hair, tuft of hair (162: 
04), Dan. colloq. hjerne head. Cf. 2:02. 

1:03. Shetl. ho'sapall, hosapall skull: ON. pallr firm elevation, 
Sw. pall stool. For the first part of the word cf . ON. hauss, 1 : 10. 

1:04. ON. kletlr rock, crag, poet, head: Sw. dial, klett, Norw. 
fcfett rock, cliff. Cf. 6:05. 

Edge, Projection 

1:05. ON. skqr rim, edge, top of the hair, hair, head. Cf. 
162:53. 

1:06. Sw. dial, nabb head, promontory, headland, point, eleva- 
tion: Norw. nabb hook, peg, nabb, ODan. nabbe projecting mountain, 
ON. nef nasal bone, nose, beak, bill, person, OE. nebb nose, beak, 
face, front. Cf. Fick III 4 , 292. Cf. 23:02. 

Dot, Point 

1:07. Sw. slang prikk head: Sw. prick dot, point. 

Round Object: Ball, Bowl, Pot, Mound, Nut, etc. 

1 :08. Far. bolli skull, crown (3:07), something round or bent, a 
curved bowl or goblet without foot, OE. heafod-bolla skull, OHG. 
hirni-polla Hirnschale: OHG. bolla Knospe, kugelformiges Gefass, 
OE. bolla bowl, OHG. bal Ball, Kugel. 

1:09. Dan. colloq. ballon balloon: head. 

1:10. ON. hauss, Norw. haus, Sw. dial, hos skull, ODan. h0s 
head, Norw. huse head, skull (of fish) : Skt. kosa-h Behiilter, Scheide, 
Vorratskammer, Schatzkammer usw., Lith. kduszas grosser Schopf- 
loffel, kiuszis Ei, kidusze Hirnschadel. Uhlenbeck, Ai. Wb. 66 f. 

1:11. Shetl. h(j)sapann skull, h(j>s skull (1 : 10) -\-pann pan. Com- 
pare NE. pan in brainpan. 

1 



2 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

1 : 12. Goth, hwairnei skull: ON. hvern, hvqrn the two wide boat- 
shaped bones in fish brains, the so-called stones of hearing, hverna 
pot, bowl, OBulg. crenu Bratpfanne, ON. hverr kettle, cauldron, hot 
spring, OE. hwer kettle, cauldron, pot, basin, OHG. hwer lebes, 
Kessel, Skt. caruh Kessel, karanka-h Schadel, Olr. coire Kessel, Cymr. 
pair id., Russ. cara Schale. Cf. Zupitza, Gutt. 57 f. with references. 

1:13. Sw. slang Mot sphere: head, skull. 

1:14. Sw. knopp top, knob, bud, colloq. head: ont i knoppen 
headache: ODan. knoppe, Norw. knupp, MLG. knuppe, knoppe bud, 
NE. knop knob, bud, bunch, button. 

1:15. ON. kollr top, summit, head, pate, a shaven crown, NIcel. 
kollur top, head, pate, Shetl. koll, koil head, especially of fish: Norw. 
koll top, head, scalp lock (162:05), crown of the head (3:04), MLG. 
kol, kolle head, the topmost part of plants (Fick III 4 , 46): NIcel. 
kolla polled ewe; small tub, tumbler, mug, Sw. kulle rounded mound 
or hill, kullrig rounded. 

1:16. Sw. slang kula ball, bullet: head. 

1:17. Sw. slang grotkulan the head: grot, Sw. gryta pot-\-kula 
ball, bullet. For grot cf. 64:05. 

1 : 18. OHG. chuph, MHG. kopf Trinkgefass, Becher, Hirnschale, 
Kopf, Kehlkopf (46:01): ON. koppr cup, small vessel, OE. copp 
summit, MLG. kop Schropfkopf, Kopf, Norw. kup convexity, hump 
(110:10), ON. kufottr, kupottr round, spherical. (Cf. Fick IIP, 47.) 
Compare for mg. Lat. cupa tub, cask: Romance goblet, Provencal 
also skull. 

1:19. ESw. kubbe mountain peak, round islet, head, crown 
(3:06): Norw. kubb, kubbe block, thick tree trunk, NE. cob. Cf. 
1:18. 

1:20. Sw. slang kdlroten the head, lit. the cabbage root: kdl 
cabbage -{-rot root. 

1:21. MHG. topf Topf : Hirnschale, OHG. topf Kreisel, MLG. 
dop(pe) Schale, bes. von Eiern, Kapsel, Kelch, Topf, Kreisel, Knopf, 
EFris. dop(pe) Kelch, Kapsel, Schale, Hulse, Kopf, Norw. dupp top, 
tuft. 

1:22. Sw. dial, potta skull, head: Sw. potta pot, ON. pottr, OE. 
pott, OFris., MLG. pot pot; Norw., Sw. dial, puta pillow, Sw. dial. 
puta to be inflated, stand out, to be lumpy, knotted. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 6 

1:23. Dan. colloq. n0d nut: head, NE. nut in the same sense: 
ON. knot, OE. hnutu, OHG. hnuz nut. 

1:24. Dan. colloq. pcere pear: head. 

1:25. Dan. colloq. bergamot bergamot: head. 

1:26. MHG. schedel Schadel, Trockenmass, early NHG. hirn- 
schddel, -scheitel, MDu. schedel, scheel lid, eyelid, skull, Du. schedel 
cover, lid, bowl, NFlem. scheel, Scheie eyelid, lid; also dish, MLG. 
schedel Buchse, Dose, schidele Behaltnis, Kiste: OHG. sceida Schwert- 
scheide, OS. skedia, OE. sceap, sccep sheath, ON. skeider id., Sw. skida 
id., Olr. sciath, Cymr. ysgwyd, OBret. scoit Schild, OBulg. stiti id., 
etc. (W.). 

1:27. ON. hofud, Sw. huvud, Dan. hoved, OE. hafud- head, OE. 
hafela, hafola, heafela, heafola head : Skt. kapdlam Schale, Hirnschale, 
Schadel, Pfanne am Schenkel, schalen- oder scheibenformiger 
Knochen, kapucchalam Schopf am Hinterhaupt, Lat. caput Kopf, 
Haupt, capillus Haupthaar, Lith. kapas Grabhiigel. Cf. Walde 2 
129 with references. 

1:28. ON. hofud-bein skull: hofud head (1:27) -\-bein bone 
(77:07). 

1:29. OSw. hovudskal, Sw. huvudskdl skull: OSw. hovud, Sw. 
huvud head (l:27)+OSw. skal, Sw. skal bowl. 

1:30. Goth, haubip, ON. haufod, OE. heafod, OFris. haved, OS. 
hobid, OHG. houbit, MHG. houbet, houbt, houpt head: Av. kaofa-, 
OPers. kaufa Berg, Lith. kaupas, OBulg. kupu aufgeschutteter 
Haufen. Cf . Scheftelowitz, Bezz. Beitr. 28, 157 f . 

1:31. OE. heafod-ban skull: heafod head (l:30)+6an bone 
(77:07). 

1 : 32. OE. heafod-bolla skull : heafod head (1 : 30) +bolla bowl. 

1:33. OE. heafod-loca skull: heafod head (1: 30) -\-loca place. 

1:34. OE. heafod-panne skull: heafod head (1:30) -{-panne pan. 

1 : 35. OE. for-heafod forehead, skull. Cf . 6 : 03 and 1 : 30. 

Brain-Bowl, Brain-Place 

1:36. OFris. breinkop Hirnschale: brein brain (2:03)+&op cup. 

1:37. OE. brcegen-loca skull: brcegen brain (2: 03) -\-loca place, 

inclosure. 

1 : 38. OFris. breinpanne Hirnschale : brein brain (2 : 03) -{-panne 
pan. 



4 PAETS OF THE BODY IN 

1:39. OHG. hirnipolla, MHG. hirn-bolle Hirnschadel : OHG. 
hirni, MHG. hirne, heme Hirn, Gehirn (2: 02) 4-bo lie Knospe, kugel- 
formiges Gefass. 

1:40. OHG. hirnireba, hirnereba, MHG. hirn-ribe, -rebe Hirn- 
schale, Gehirn: hirn (2:02) -\-rebe Rebe, Reb-, Weingarten (pi.), 
Ranken, OHG. rebo Rebe, Ranke, Schlingschossling. 

1:41. ON. hjarnskdl skull, MHG. hirn(e)-schal Hirnschale: ON. 
hjarni, MHG. hirn (2:02)-fON. skdl bowl, MHG. schal(e) , schal(e) 
Schale (Htilse einer Frucht, eines Eies, einer Schnecke) , die Hirnschale, 
Essschale, Trinkschale, etc., OHG. scala id. 

1:42. MHG. hirn-stal Schadel, Stirn (6:11): OHG. hirni, 
MHG. hirne, heme Hirn, Gehirn (2:02)+OHG., MHG. stal Stall, 
Ort, Raum, Stelle, Gestell, Stutze, ON. stallr Gestell, Stall, OE. stall, 
steall Stall, Stelle, Gestell. Cf. Schade 2 862. 

1:43. Sw. dial, hjdrnbur head: hjdrna brain (2:02) -\-bur cham- 
ber, cage: ON. bur women's apartment, pantry, storehouse, OSw. 
bur small house, chamber, room, bird's cage, OE. bur chamber, cot- 
tage, villa, NE. bower. 

1:44. Sw. colloq. hjdrnkontor head: hjdrna brain (2:02) -\-kontor 
office. 

1 : 45. MHG. him-schibe Hirnschadel : hirn brain (2 : 02) -\-schibe 
Kugel, Scheibe, Kreis, Rad, Walze, Platte, OHG. sclba id. 

Lump 

1:46. Sw. slang Mump lump: head. 

Shell 

1:47. ON. skalli bald head, crown of the head (3:11), Norw. 
skalle skull, head, forehead (6:13), Sw. skalle skull, head, Norw. skolt, 
skjelta skull, forehead (6:13), ON. skoltr jaw (Zoega) (40:06), Sw. 
skull skull: OE. scalu shell, husk, dish, sciell shell, scale, scielian 
divide, remove, Ir. scailim zerstreue, nehme auseinander, Lith. skeliu 
spalten, skald shavings (cf. Fick III 4 , 458). 

1:48. MHG. hirn-schiel Hirnschale: hirn (2:02) -\-schiel abge- 
sprungenes oder abgerissenes Stuck, Splitter, Klumpen, verachtl. fur 
Schadel, Kopf : ON. skila clear up or decide a matter beyond uncer- 
tainty or dispute, skilja separate, divide, decide. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 5 

Bare Spot 

1:49. Sw. dial, fleta, flint face (9:22), forehead (6:16), crown 
(3:10), skull. Cf. 6:16. 

Something Ruffled, Tousled 

1 : 50. Sw. dial, flur face (9 : 19) , forehead (6:18), head, uncombed 
hair, hair, caprice. Cf. 162:109. 

Scurf 

1:51. MHG. grint Grind, Grindkopf, verachtl. fur Kopf. 
1:52. MHG. schorf Schorf, Grind, verachtl. fur Kopf. 

Covering 

1 : 53. Norw. hetta hood, lid, cover, hair of the head, head, fore- 
head (6:07), ON. hgttr hood, cowl, Sw. hatt, Dan. hat hat, OE. hcet(t) 
hat. Cf. 162:02. 

1:54. Dan. colloq. taganlceg head: tag roof, anlceg foundation, 
construction. 

1:55. MHG. obedach Obdach, Uberzug, Schutz, Schirm, Krone, 
Gipfel eines Baumes, Haupt, Kopf. 

1:56. Sw. dial, badd head: flenbuddeter bald-headed. 

2. Brain 
Top, Summit 

2:01. ON. heili, Norw. heile, OFris. heli, heile, hal, OFris. prob- 
ably also head: "thet him sin necke ur bee and sin heyle up tia" = 
dass ihn sein Nacken iiberrucks und sein 'heile' aufwarts ziehe (Richt- 
hofen 804) : Lat. cilo jemand mit schmalem Kopfe und vortretender 
Stirri, Skt. gild Stein, Fels, gdila-h steinern, sb. Fels, Felsgebirge, 
glrd-h scharf, gigdti, giglte scharft, wetzt, Av. saenis Spitze, Wipfel, 
etc. Wood, MLN. XXIX, 71. 

2:02. ON. hjarni, OSw. hicerne, Sw. hjdrna, Dan. hjerne, OHG. 
hirni, MHG. him, hirne, heme brain: ON. hjarsi, etc., crown of 
the head (3:01): Lat. cerebrum brain, cernuus inclined, stooping 
forward, Gr. nepvov grosse irdene Schussel, icepas Horn, Skt. gira-h 
Kopf, Spitze, Arm. sar height, summit. Cf. Walde 2 153 with 
references. 



6 PAETS OF THE BODY IN 

Mass, Lump, Bunch 

2 : 03. OE. brcegn, brcegen, bragn, OFris. brein, brin, MLG. bragen y 
bregen brain: Gr. (3pexvbs, floexA"* Vorderkopf, IE. *mergh-, *mregh- 
( Johansson, KZ. XXX, 448) : perhaps Lat. marga marl. Cf . Wood, 
Mod. Phil. XI, 316. 

2:04. OHG. gilsi sinciput, cerebrum: OE. gielm handful, sheaf, 
gealla gall, sore on the skin, MHG. galle Flossgalle, NHG. Galle 
geschwulstartige Stelle (W.). 

Head-Marrow 

2 : 05. ESw. huvudmdrg brain : huvud head (1 : 27) -\-mdrg marrow 
(155:01). 

? 

2:06. OE. exe (Thone 43) Gehirn. 

3. Crown of the Head 
Top, Rounded Top 

3:01. ON. hjarsi, hjassi, OSw. hicesse, icesse, ODan. jesse, Norw. 
hjasse, Sw. hjdssa, Dan. isse crown of the head : Du hersenen, hersens, 
pi. brain. Cf. 2:02. 

3:02. OE. hnoll crown of the head, OHG. hnol, nol, MHG. nol 
Spitze, Gipfel, Scheitel, culmen, cacumen, sinciput, MHG. nulle 
Nacken (41:05), Hinterhaupt, Scheitel, OHG. hnel, early MHG. 
nel=hnol, OHG. nella vertex, MHG. nel, nelle Spitze, Scheitel: ON. 
hnallr, NIcel. hnallur club, cudgel, mallet, Lett, knese Huhnerkamm. 
Cf. Fick III 4 , 98. 

3:03. OSw. toppr top, crown of the head, tuft of hair (162:93), 
Dan. top point, end, queue, OE. top top, crown. 

3 : 04. ON. kollr top, summit, head, pate, shaven crown, Norw. 
koll top, head, scalp lock (162:05), crown of the head, Sw. dial, hull 
topmost part of the skull, Bornh. kujlla crown, occiput: kujll sl 
rounded top cut off. Of. 1:15. 

3:05. ESw. huv(ud)-kulle crown: huvud head (1:27) -\-kulle 
rounded mound or hill (3:04). 

3:06. ESw. huv(ud)-kubbe, kubbe crown: huvud head (1:27) + 
kubbe mountain peak, heap, round islet, head (1:19), crown, Norw. 
kubb, kubbe block, short stump of a tree trunk, NE. cob. Cf . 1 : 18. 

3 : 07. Far. bolli skull, crown, etc. Cf . 1 : 08. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 7 

Head-Kernel 

3:08. ESw. huv(ud)-karne, -kjarne crown of the head: huvud 
head (1 : 27) -\-karne kernel. 

Upper Half of the Head 

3:09. OE. ofer-healf-heafod the upper part of the head, lit. 
upper half-head. For heafod cf . 1 : 30. 

Bare Spot 

3:10. Sw. dial, fleta, flint crown, skull (1:49), face (9:22), fore- 
head. Cf. 6:16. 

3: 11. ON. skalli bald head, crown of the head: Sw. skalle skull, 
skallig bald, ON. skollottr bald, bald-headed, Dan. dial skalle bare 
spot, unfertile piece of land unfit for cultivation. Cf. 1:47. 

Brain-Bristle 

3: 12. ON. heilabust crown of the head: heili brain (2:01) -{-bust 
bristle (162:11). 

Crown, Circle 

3:13. ON. kruna, Norw. kruna crown of the head, from Lat. 
corona. Cf . 4 : 04 and 162 : 24. 

3:14. ON. hvirfill circle, ring, crown of the head, vertex, Shetl. 
hwir(e)l scalp lock (162:25), the center of the crown, hwarl scalp 
lock (162:25), that part of the crown from which the hair spreads 
in a circle out over the sides, OHG., MHG. wirbe Wirbel, Scheitel, 
OHG. wirbil, wirvil, werbil, MHG. wirbel Wirbel, Scheitel, was sich 
kreisformig dreht: Goth, hwairban, hwarbon wandeln, ON. hverfa, 
OHG. hwerban sich drehen, etc. 

3:15. Norw. sveiv Haarwirbel. Cf. 85:02. 

3:16. Norw. ringvokster Haarwirbel: ring ring+vokster growth, 
development, veksa grow, E. wax, etc. 

Line, Streak 

3:17. ON. reik Scheitellinie, Sw. dial, raik, rek id., Norw. reik 
strip, line, dividing line of the hair, a streak or stripe on a tree, caused 
by removing bark, a dividing furrow between two parts of a field: 
Lith. rezis Einschnitt, Schramme, Streifen, reziu, freq. raizau ritze, 
schneide, reisse. Wood, Class. Phil. VII, 320. 



8 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

3 : 18. Sw. dial, rak, Norw. raak Scheitellinie, Norw. also streak, 
furrow, row: ON. rdk a streak, Skt. rdji-h Streifen, Reihe, Av. 
rdzayeiti ordnet, richtet, Skt. fjati streckt sich, Lat. rego, etc. Fick 
III 4 , 333. 

3:19. OHG. sceitila, MHG. sceitel(e) oberste Kopfstelle an 
welcher die Haare sich scheiden, nach verschiedenen Seiten sich legen, 
Kopfwirbel, Scheitel: OHG. sceidan scheiden; OE. scdda crown of 
the head: scddan divide, separate. 

3:20. ESw. hdrskdle place where the hair starts from the fore- 
head: hdr hair (lQ2:71)-\-skdl broken piece: Sw. skilja separate. 

3:21. ESw. (hdr)skolde place where the hair starts from the 
forehead: hdr hair (162:71) -{-skol a broken piece (of various vessels), 
waste heap. Cf . 3 : 20. 

3 : 22. ESw. hdrskdrd, hdrskdrd place where the hair starts from 
the forehead, hdr hair (162:71)+Sw. skord harvest, lit. a cutting: 
ESw. skora, Sw. skdra cut (162:53). 

3:23. ESw. bening, Sw. bena Scheitellinie: Sw. bena arrange the 
hair in a 'bena/ ON. beina straighten, pull (mustache), help on, make 
move, support, NIcel. beinn straight, direct, Norw. ben id. Cf. 
Tamm 32. 

4. Crest 
Comb, Crest, Crown, Top 

4:01. OE. camb comb, crest of a cock, crest of a helmet, OHG. 
kamb, kamp, MHG. kamp, kam, kamme Kamm, crista. 

4:02. Norw. hanekamb, ESw. han(e)kamme coxcomb: hane cock 
-\-kam comb. 

4:03. OE. crcesta crest, tuft, plume, from Lat. crista der Kamm 
am Kopfe der Tiere. 

4:04. MHG. kron(e) Kranz, Kamm, Schopf, geschorne Glatze, 
from Lat. corona crown. Cf. 3: 13. 

4:05. ESw. han(e)-kruna, hon-krona, -kruna: hane cock+ 
ON. kruna, Norw. kruna crown of the head (4:04). 

4:06. NIcel. toppur top, crest, tuft of hair. Cf. 162:93. 

«, 5. Scalp 

Top, Summit 

5:01. Sw. dial. (Ihre) harna, hdna skin of the head. Cf. 2:02. 

5:02. Norw. frott, frunt, frutt protruded lips (33:04), mouth 

(26:08), frunt also wrinkled nose (23: 17), and raised upper lip, scalp, 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 9 

forelock (162:06): frutta grumble, show signs of anger, Sw. dial. 
frutt cross, angry, frunten wrinkled. 

Covering 

5:03. Sw. skalp scalp, ME. scalp top of the head, scalp: ON. 
skdlpr sheath, NIcel. skdlpur leather sheath, Dan. dial, skalp hull, 
MLG. schulpe, scholpe shell fish, MDu. schelp(e), OE. scalu shell, 
husk, disk, sciell shell. Cf . Wood, Hesperia, Ergdnzungsreihe I, 62 f . 

5:04. ON. svordr, Sw. huvudsval scalp. Cf. 145:11. For Sw. 
huvud cf . 1 : 27. 

5:05. ON. ndgrima dead man's mask, scalp: ndr corpse, dead 
man, grima a kind of covering for the face or the head, a mask or cowl, 
armor covering a horse's head, night (poet.). 

6. Forehead 
Top, Summit 

6:01. Sw. dial. harn(e), hdn, han forehead, skin of the forehead 
(145:60), hair of the head (162:04) : hdrna skull, head, mass of hair, 
tuft of hair. Cf. 2:02. 

Front 

6:02. ON. ennij Sw. dnne, Dan. dial, and, aid, OHG. andi, endi 
forehead: Goth, andeis, ON. ender, ende, OE. ende, OFris. enda, 
OS. endi, OHG. anti, enti Ende, Lat. antiae capilli demissi in frontem, 
forelock: ante before, Gr. avrios over against, opposite. Brugmann, 
Kz. vgl. Gr. § 603. Anm. 

Forehead, Forelook 

6:03. OE. foran-heafod, fore-heafod, foreweard-heafod front part 
of the head, forehead. Cf . 1 : 30 and 1 : 35. 

6 : 04. OE. and-wldta, -wlita brow, forehead, OSw. anlite forehead, 
face. Cf. 9:04. 

Projection, Edge 

6:05. ESw. Hint forehead: Sw. Mint top of a hill, bump or 
rounding on foot or hand, Dan. Mint cliff, MLG. Mint Fels, Klippe, 
steiles Ufer, ON. klettr rock, crag, poet, head (1:04), Norw., Sw. dial. 
klett rock, cliff. Cf. Fick IIP, 56; F-T 533. 



10 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Expanse 

6:06. OE. steorn, OHG. stirna Stirn: Cymr. sarn stratum, 
pavimentum, Lat. sterno spread out, Gr. arepvop surface, breast, 
GTopwixi spread out, Skt. stirnd-h hingestreut, OBulg. strana surface, 
region, side. Cf. Schade 2 873 with references. 

Covering 

6:07. Norw. hetta hood, lid, cover: head (1:53), forehead, hair 
of the head. Cf. 162:02. 

Box, Pan 

6:08. MHG. haste Kasten, Behalter, bewohntes Haus: weibl. 
Brust (99:34), Magen (129:20), Stirn. 

6:09. Sw. panna, Dan. pande pan: forehead. 

6 : 10. OSw. hovudhpanna, Esw. huvudpanna, ODan. hovedpanne, 
OE. heafod-panne forehead: OSw. hovudh, etc., head (1:27)+ panna, 
panne pan. 

Brain-Place 

6:11. MHG. hirn-stal Stirn, Schadel (1:42), him Gehirn (2:02) 
+stal Stand, Ort, Stall. 

Brain-Bone 

6:12. MHG. him-bein Stirnknochen, Stirn: him Gehirn (2:02) 
+bein bone (77:07). 

Shell 

6:13. ESw. skulle forehead, Norw. skalle forehead, skull, head, 
skjolt, skjelta skull, forehead. Cf. 1:47. 

Half of the Head 

6:14. OE. healf-heafod front part of the head, sinciput, lit. 
'half-head.' For heafod cf. 1 :30. 

Planet 

6:15. Sw. slang planet planet: forehead, face (9:23). 

Bare Spot 

6:16. Sw. flint, dial, fleta forehead, skull (1:49), crown (3:10), 
face (9:22), flcejt, fles, flis forehead, face (9:22): Sw. flintskallig 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 11 

bald-headed, dial, flenskallig, Norw. fleinskallad, fleinskollutt, Dan. 
fleenskaldet, dial, flcedeskallet id., Norw. flein, fleina bare spot, fleina 
get bald, Lith. plynas smooth, bare, plyne, pleine uncultivated even 
ground without trees, heath. Cf. Tamm 152 f . 

6:17. ESw. bids star, forehead, Norw. blesa star, forehead, face 
(9:21). 

Something Ruffled, Tousled 

6: 18. Sw. dial, flur forehead, head (1 :50), face (9: 19), uncombed 
hair, hair, caprice. Cf. 162:109. 

Nodder 

6:19. OE. hnifol forehead: hnifol-crumb leaning over (?), 
hnipian bow the head, ON. hnipa hang the head, be sad, hnippa 
thrust, shove, MHG. nipfen gleiten, stiirzen, einnicken. Cf. Wood, 
IF. XVIII, 30. 

7. Temple 
Thin, Sunken Part 

7:01. MHG. s/a/Schlaf, Schlafe: ON. sldpr faule Person, OHG., 
MHG. slaf schlaff, trage, kraftlos, Lith, slepsna Dimming, Weichen. 
For mg. cf. Lett, smalks fein, diinn, Lith. smulkus fein, klein: smil- 
kinys Schlafe; Lith. tempiu dehne aus: Lat. tempus temple. Cf. 
Wood, Class. Phil. Ill, 85. 

7 : 02. MHG. slaf-bein Schlafe : slaf (7 : 01) +bein bone (77 : 07) . 

7:03. ON. fiunvangi, OSw. thynningr, OS. thinnong, OE. 
punnwange, OHG. dunwangi, dunwengi, MHG. tunewenge, MLG. 
dunnink, duninge temple: ON.ftunnr, OE.ftynne, OHG. dunni thin, 
Ir. tana thin, narrow, Skt. tanu id., Lith. tenvas slender, Lat. tenuis. 
For vangi, etc., cf. 35:01. 

7:04. OHG. tinna, MHG. tinne, tinge Stirn, pi. Schlafe. Cf. 
7:03. 

7:05. ESw. kinning temple, probably a confusion of Sw. kind 
cheek, (35:03) and tinning: ON. punvangi, etc. (7:03). 

Cheek-Bone 

7:06. OE. hleor-ban cheek-bone, temple: hleor cheek (35:02) + 
ban bone (77:07). 



12 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

7:07. Sw. dial, kind-hos temple: kind cheek (35:03) -{-hos skull 
(1:10). 

8. Tentacles 
Feeling-Hair 

8:01. Dan. ffilehaar feelers, tentacles: j<fle ieel+haar hair 
(162:71). 

Feeling Horn 

8:02. Dan. ffilehorn feelers, antennae: f</>le feel+horn horn 

(157:01). 

9. Face 
Sight, Look 

9:01. Goth, siuns Gesicht, ON. dsjona countenance, look, 
form, shape: dsjon superintendence, inspection, sjon sight, eyesight, 
look, pi. eyes (10:01), dsyn countenance, presence, appearance, shape: 
syn the faculty of seeing, sight, vision, appearance, look, Sw. dial. 
syna face, OE. ansien, anseon face, countenance, aspect, appearance, 
form, onsyn id., OHG. ga-, ka-, gisiuni, MHG. gisiune Sehen, Sehens- 
vermogen, Gesichtssinn, Ansehen, Anblick, Gesicht, Angesicht: Goth. 
saihwan, ON. sjd, OS. sehan, OE. seon, OFris. sia, OHG. sehan see, etc. 

9:02. OS. gisiht Gesicht, Anblick, OHG. ka-, gisiht, MHG. 
gesiht Sehen, Ansehen, Anblicken, visus, etc., Angesicht, facies, 
Aussehen, Ausseres: OHG. anasiht, MHG. anesiht Anschauen, 
Betrachten, Ansehen, Aussehen. Cf. 9:01. 

9 : 03. Sw. dial, ansikte (loan-word from LG.) face, cheek (35 : 09) . 

9:04. Goth, wlits Aussehen, Gestalt, ON. litr color, hue: andlit 
face, countenance, OSw. anlite forehead (6:04), face, Sw. anlete, 
Dan. andlet face, ON. auglit id. (of God): aug- eye (10:06)+fo'£, 
OS. wliti Glanz, Aussehen, OE. white brightness, beauty, splendor, 
appearance, form, wlitu form, species, OFris. white face, appearance, 
OHG., MHG. antlitze Antlitz, vultus, facies: ON. lita look, see, 
behold, OE. wlltan look, Gr. IXXt^co look awry. Cf. Wood, Color- 
Names, 11. 

9:05. Goth, andawleizn Antlitz: pre-Germ. *ulei-s turn: look. 
Cf. 9:04. 

9:06. Sw. dial, koks sight, eyes (10:03), face: koka, koga look, 
turn up one's nose, look upward, koged turning up the nose, supercilious 
(Rz. 342). 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 13 

9:07. ON. bragd a sudden or brisk movement, trick, scheme, 
device, countenance, look, expression, yfirbragd outward look, 
appearance, demeanor, show, pretense, surface, face, facial traits: 
bregda move quickly, flash, Goth, brahw Blinken, Zwinken, etc. 

Growth, Appearance 

9:08. Goth, ludja Antlitz, OHG. antlutti, analutti, MHG. 
antlutte Antlitz, vultus, facies: Goth, laudi Gestalt, OS. lud Ausseres: 
OE. leodan, OS. liudan, liodan wachsen, OHG. arliotan aufwachsen, 
Skt. rddhati wachst, spriesst, rdhati ersteigt, wachst, Av. raodhaiti 
steigt hinauf, wachst, raodha Wuchs, Ansehen. Cf. Uhlenbeck, 
EL Wb. 2 104. Cf. 109:08. 

Fore-Eye, Eye 

9:09. Goth, andaugi eye, lit. fore-eye, Sw. dial, oga eye, face, 
0gunen face, lit. eyes. Cf. 10:06. 

Curve, Bend 

9 : 10. OE. hleor cheek, face. Cf . 35 : 02. 

9:11. OE. wange cheek, face. Cf. 35:01. 

9:12. OE. heofol, hioful face : hof inclosure, dwelling, house, ON. 
hof temple (orig. hill), OE. hofer hump, goiter, swelling, OHG. hovar 
Hocker, etc. Cf. 110:06. 

Grimace 

9:13. NIcel. gretta wry face: gretta distort, make a wry face, 
frown, grettinn making wry faces, Norw. gretten murrisch, Sw. dial. 
grdtten empfindlich, schwer zu befriedigen, grdtt schreierisch, unge- 
duldig, grdttas grata litet, Dan. grante leise weinen, granting miir- 
rische Person, dial, grotte mahlen, ON. grotte mythische Muhle 
(Noreen, Urg. Lautl. 188; Tamm 248): Lith. grendu reibe, scheuere, 
grdndau schabe, Lett, grandit zertrummern, Gr. x^pa5os sand, gravel, 
etc. Cf. Wood, Mod. Phil I, 237 f. 

9: 14. Sw. dial, grdjnu face: grina weep, grdnna, grdgna, grdnja, 
grdina laugh, generally in a rude manner with the corners of the 
mouth drawn back, be angry, vicious (as horses that wish to bite), 
Norw. grina grine, fordreie eller rynke ansigtet, ON. grenja howl, 
bellow, OE. grennian grin. 



14 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Projection 

9:15. OE. nebb beak, nose, face, front. Cf. 23:02. 

9:16. OE. nebb-wlite face: nebb (23:02)+w&fe (9:04). 

9:17. Sw. dial, snagg mouth of a person who scolds (26:05), 
snout, face: Norw. snaga stick out, snag point, snage Landspitze, 
ON. snaghyrndr with sharp points. Cf . 23 : 06. 

9:18. Sw. slang pligget the face: Sw. pligg plug, Norw. pligg a 
small pointed tool, a wedge, p%#a tap repeatedly and lightly with a 
small hammer. 

Something Ruffled, Tousled 

9:19. Sw. dial, flur face, forehead (6 : 18) , head (1 : 50) , uncombed 
hair, hair, caprice. Cf. 162:109. 

Sniffer, Snuffler 

9 : 20. Sw. slang snok face. Cf . 23 : 33. 

Bare Spot 

9:21. Norw. blesa, ESw. bids star, forehead (6:17), ESw. bldsa 
star, face (in jest). 

9 : 22. Norw. fleis face, Sw. dial, flcejt, fleta, fles, flis face, forehead, 
flint, id. Cf. 6:16. 

Planet 

9:23. Sw. slang planet planet, face, forehead (6:15). 

Food-Castle 

9 : 24. Sw. slang matkastell face : mat food, ON. matr, Goth, mats, 
OE. mete, E. meat-\-kastell castle (Romance loan-word). 

Face (loan-word) 

9:25. Norw. fjces face, probably from English-French face. 

Miscellaneous 

9 : 26. ESw. nuna face. 

9 : 27. Sw. slang nyllet the face. 

9:28. Sw. slang tjog, tjok, tjak face, mouth (26:44). 

9:29. Sw. slang trubb face. 



older germanic and scandinavian 15 

10. Eye 
Sight 

10:01. ON. sjon seeing, sight, look, eye, OS. siun sight, eye, 
gisiuni sight, eye, appearance, Sw. dial, syna eyes, face. Cf. 9:01. 

10 : 02. OE. heafod-sien, -syn eye : heafod head (1 : 30) +sien, syn, 
power of seeing, sight (10:01). 

10:03. Sw. dial, koks sight, eyes, face (9:06): koka, koga look, 
turn up one's nose, look upward, koged turning up the nose, super- 
cilious (Rz. 342). 

Glare, Glower 

10:04. ON. glyrna cat's eye: MLG. gluren lauernd blicken, 
EFris. gluren mit halb zugekniffenen Augen wonach spahen, blinzeln, 
glotzen, Du. gluren lauernd schielen, NE. glower look intently, stare 
angrily or with a scowl. Cf. F-T 330. 

10:05. Sw. slang tira eye: ESw. lira look with half-closed eyes, 
shine, Norw. tlra stare, peep, twinkle, shine, tlr spying, luster, glory, 
ON. tirr glory, renown. 

? 

10:06. Goth, augo, ON., Norw. auga, Sw. oga, Dan. fje, OE. 
eage, ege, OS. oga, OFris. age, OHG. auga, MHG. ouge, etc., eye: 
Gr. ofjLfxa eye, oaae both eyes, birr) gap, opening, Lat. oculus, etc. 
Cf . Walde 2 536 with references. Doubtful. 

Eye-Curve 

10:07. MHG. ougen-rebe Auge: ouge eye (10:06)+re6e, OHG. 
reba Rebe, Ranken, gewundene Linien von Goldstickerei auf dem 
Gewande. 

Opening 

10:08. Dan. dial, glugg a small round window, also (in jest) 
the eyes: ON. gluggr opening (in a wall, roof, etc.), especially window, 
MSw. glugger, Sw. glugg, Dan. glug id. 

10:09, Sw. colloq. korpgluggar eyes: korp (for kropp [94:06] 
or Lat. corpus f) ho&y -{-glugg (10:08). 

Lump, Ball 

10: 10. Shetl. bollek lump, something round and bulky: (in jest) 
wide-open eye: 'a pair o' bolleks,' 'water de bolleks,' said of children 
when weeping : ON. bollr ball, lump, OHG. bal Ball, etc. Cf . 142 : 17. 



16 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Jewel of the Head 

10:11. OE hlafod-gimm eye: heafod (1:30)+ gimm gem, jewel. 

Links? 

10:12. Sw. slang lankarna the eyes, lit. the links. 

11. Eyebrow 
Blinker, Winker 

11:01. ON. bra eyebrow, cilium, palpebra (13:01), OSw. brahar 
eyebrow, eyelash (12:01), OE. brdw, ofer-brcew eyebrow, OS. brdha, 
OHG. brdwa, prdwa, uber-brdwa supercilium, MHG. bra Braue, 
Wimper, ouge-brd, uber-brd Augenbraue : Goth, brahw augins Augen- 
blick, ON. bragd id., bregda (pret. bra) schnell bewegen, vorwerfen, 
Norw. brag, bragd Nordlicht, ON., Norw. braga flammen, lodern, 
OE. bregdan bewegen, schwingen, etc. Cf. Fick III 4 , 278. 

Swelling, Projection 

11:02. ON. brun, OSw. brun, bryn, Norw. brun, Sw., Dan. 
bryn brim, edge: eyebrow, ESw. brynhar (har hair, 162:71) id., OE. 
bru eyebrow, eyelid (13:10), eyelash (12:09): ON. bru, Sw., Dan. 
bro bridge, Norw. bru bridge, brow, Skt. bhril-h Braue, Gr. ocfrpvs, 
OBulg. bruvi id., LRuss. dial, berv Baumstumpf, berva Stegbnicke, 
etc. (Fick I 4 , 93) : root *bhreu- swell. Cf . Wood, Mod. Phil XI, 328. 

Eye-Hill 

11:03. OE. lag-hill eyebrow: lag eye (10:06) +MU hill. 

Eye-Ring 

11:04. OE. eag-hringas (Bosworth) eyebrows, eyelids (13:09): 
lag eye (10: 06) -{-hringas rings. 

12. Eyelash 
Blinker, Winker 

12:01. ON. bra eyebrow, cilium, palpebra (13:01), augbrd 
eyelash (auga eye 10:06), Norw. braa, OSw. brahar eyelash, eyebrow, 
MHG. bra id. Cf. 11:01. 

12:02. OHG. wint-brawa, MHG. wint-brd, -brdwe Wimper, lit. 
'die sich windende Braue.' Cf. Kluge 6 , 425. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 17 

12:03. Dan. 0jevipper Augenwimpern : 0je eye (10:06) -\-vipper; 
vippe Kornahre, vippe wippen, schaukeln, Sw., Norw. vippa id., 
geschaftig umherrennen, winken, Norw. vippe Brunnenschwengel, 
Windezeug, ME., MLG. wippen auf- und abwippen, MHG. wipfen, 
wepfen hlipfen, OHG. wipf Schwung, rasche Bewegung, LG. wepelen 
schwanken, schaukeln, Norw. vipla umschlingen. Cf. F-T 1385. 

Eye-Hair 

12:04. Sw. ogonhar, Dan 0jenhaar eyelash: Sw. oga, Dan. 0je 
eye (10:06)+Sw. har, Dan. haar hair (162:71). 

12:05. ESw. (6gon)blickshdr eyelash: blick look. 

12:06. ESw. (ogon)brunshar eyelash: brun, Sw. bryn brow 
(11:02). 

Covering Hair 

12:07. Sw. dial, sky-hdr eyelash: ON. sky, Sw. sky cloud, ON. 
sky a cover with clouds, skyla screen, protect, Sw. skyla id., ON. 
skuggi, Sw. skugga shadow, OE. scu(w)a shadow, darkness, protection, 
Skt. skundti bedeckt. Cf . Fick III 4 , 465. 

Dark 

12:08. ESw. musk black eyelashes: muskog bushy, speaking of 
eyebrows, dirty, dusky, dim, dark, of dark complexion, musken 
cloudy, hazy, dark-colored, muske dirt, semi-darkness, musk (Rietz) 
dark, shadow, Norw. musk dust. 

Brow 

12:09. OE. bru eyebrow (11:02), eyelid (13:10), eyelash. 
Cf. 11:02. 

13. Eyelid 
Blinker, Winker 

13:01. ON. bra eyebrow, cilium, palpebra, OE. brcew, breaw. 
breag, breg eyelid (11 :01). 

13:02. OFris. ag-bre eyelid; ag eye (10:06)+6re brow (11:01). 

13:03. OLG. odar-brduua Augenlied: odar over+frramta brow 
(11:01). 

13:04. OS. slegi-brdwa Augenlied: slagan schlagen +brdwa 
brow (11:01). 



18 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Cover 

13:05. Norw. augnelock, Sw. ogonlock, Dan. 0jenlaag eyelid: 
Norw. auga, Sw. oga, Dan. 0je eye (10:06)+Norw. lok, Sw. lock, Dan. 
laag lid, cover. 

13 : 06. ON. hvarmr, augna-hvarmr eyelid {auga eye 10 : 06) : Lat.- 
Gall. parma ein kurzer, runder Schild, Cymr. parfa Schutzplatte, 
Feuergitter, parfaes Schild. Cf. Walde 2 562 with references. 

Eye-Frame 

13:07. Norw. augnekvarm the edges of the eyelids, the encase- 
ment of the eye: auga eye (10:06) -\-kvarm frame, encasement: ON. 
hvarmr eyelid (13:06). 

13:08. MHG. ougen-rebe Augenknochen, Augenhohle? 
(Schade 2 ), Auge (Lexer, Mhd. Taschenwb. 3 ): ouge eye (10:06) +rebe, 
OHG. reba Rebe, Ranken, gewundene Linien von Goldstickerei auf 
dem Gewande. 

Eye-Rings 

13:09. OE. eag-hringas (Bosworth) eyelids, eyebrows (11:04): 
lag eye (10 :0&)+hring ring. Cf. 14:07. 

Swelling, Projection 

13:10. OE. bru eyebrow (11:02), eyelid, eyelash (12:09). 
Cf. 11:02. 

14. Eye-Socket 
Eye-Place 

14 : 01. MHG. oug-stal eye-socket : ouge eye (10 : 06) -{-stal Stelle. 

14:02. ON. augastadr eye-socket: auga eye (10:06) -\-stadr 
stead, place. 

14 : 03. ON. augna-topt eye-socket : auga eye (10 : 06) -\-topt, tupt, 
Dan. topt(e) piece of land around a house. 

Eye-Hole 

14 : 04. ON. auga-bora eye-socket : auga eye (10 : 06) -\-bora bore, 
hole, bora bore holes in. 

14:05. MHG. ougen-gruobe eye-socket: ouge eye (10:06) + 
gruobe Grube, Loch, Hohlung, OHG. gruoba, Goth, groba Grube, 
Hohle, graba Graben, graban graben, etc. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 19 

14:06. Sw. ogonhala, Dan. fijehule, -hulning eye-socket: Sw. 
oga, Dan. 0je eye (10:06)+Sw. hala, Dan. hule, hulning cave, den: 
Sw. hal, Dan. hul hole, hule ud hollow out, ON. hoi hollow, cavity. 

Eye-Ring 

14:07. Norw. augnering eye-socket, OE. eag-(h)ring (Sweet) id.: 
Norw. auga, OE. lag eye (10: 06) -\-hring ring. Cf. 11 : 04 and 13 : 09. 

15. Pupil of the Eye 
Sight 

15:01. ON. sjdldr, augnasjdldr (auga eye 10:06) pupil, eyeball 
(16:01), NIcel. sjdaldur, sjdldur pupil of the eye: ON., NIcel. sjd 
see, look. Cf. 9:01. 

15:02. OLG. seha, seho, OE. seo, OHG. seha, MHG. sehe, seje, 
see pupil, seeing, look: OE. seon, OS., OHG. sehan, etc., see. 

15 : 03. Sw. dial, scena pupil of the eye. Cf . 15 : 02. 

Apple, Stone, Pearl, Star, Mirror, Nail of the Eye 

15:04. OE. eag-oeppel, OHG. (oug)aphul, MHG. ougapfel eye- 
ball (16:02), pupil of the eye: lag, etc., eye (10:06)+OE. appel, 
OHG. aphul, MHG. apfel apple. 

15:05. ON. augasteinn, Sw. ogonsten, Dan. 0jesten pupil of the 
eye: ON. auga, Sw. oga, Dan. 0je eye (10:06)+ON. steinn, Sw., 
Dan. sten stone. 

15:06. Sw. dial. (ogon)pdrla pupil of the eye: Sw. oga eye 
(10: 06) -\-parla pearl. 

15:07. ESw. ogonstjdrna pupil of the eye: oga eye (10:06) + 
stjdrna star. 

15:08. ESw. ogonspegel pupil of the eye: oga eye (10:06) + 
spegel mirror. 

15:09. Norw. augnagle pupil of the eye: auga eye (10:06) + 
nagle nail. 

16. Eyeball 
Sight 

16:01. ON. augnasjdldr eyeball, pupil of the eye. Cf. 15:01. 

Apple (of the Eye) 

16:02. Dan. 0jeceble eyeball: 0je eye (10: 06)+ able apple, OE. 
eag-oeppel, OHG. (oug-) aphul, MHG. ougapfel eyeball, pupil of the 
eye. Cf. 15:04. 



20 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Eye-Stone 

16:03. Dan. 0jesten eyeball, apple, pupil of the eye: 0je eye 
(10:06) +sten stone. Cf. 15:05. 

17. The White of the Eye 

17:01. Norw. kvite, augkvite, Sw. hvita, vita, Dan. hvide, 0jehvide 
the white of the eye: Norw. auga, Dan. 0je eye (10:06)+Norw. kvit, 
Sw. hvit, vit, Dan. hvid white, ON. hvitr, Goth, hweits weiss. 

17:02. Norw. kvitaugstein the white of the eye: kvit white + 
augstein eye-stone: pupil of the eye, cf. 15:05. 

17:03. Norw. kvitebikkja the white of the eye: kvit white bikk a 
bow, bending, bikka bow, bend, tip, rock, throw one's self to one side. 

18. The Blue in the Eye 

18:01. ESw. (6gon)svdrta the blue in the eyes: Sw. oga eye 
(10 : 06) -\-svarta blacking : svart black, dark. 

19. Corner of the Eye 
Eye-Corner, -Nook 

19:01. ON. augna-krokr, Dan. 0jekrog corner of the eye: ON. 
auga, Dan. tfje eye (10:06)+ON. krokr, Dan. krog crook, nook. 

19:02. Norw. augnavik corner of the eye: Norw. auga eye 
(10:06)+w7b: ON. vik inlet, small bay, Norw. vik, Sw. vik id. 

19 : 03. Sw. ogonvrd corner of the eye : Sw. oga eye+vra: ON. rd 
corner, nook, berth in a ship, Norw. ro corner, nook, a strip or portion 
of the horizon, Sw. dial, ro corner, nook, Sw. vra, Dan. vraa id. 
Cf. 116:02. 

19:04. OE. eag-hyrne corner of the eye: lag eye (10:06)+%me 
corner, angle: hyrnan project, horn horn. Cf. 157:01. 

19:05. ESw. ogonkya corner of the eye: oga eye (10:06)+%a 
inclosure, corner. 

19:06. ESw. ogonkrubba corner of the eye: oga eye (10:06) + 
krubba mountain crevice. 

19:07. Sw. dial, kinbaknek outer corner of the eye: kinbak jaw 
(40 : 01) +ne\ corner? 

19:08. Sw. dial. ncesaneX inner corner of the eye: ncesa nose 
(23 : 01) +ne\ corner? 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 21 

19:09. OFris. (Richthofen) ogneil, ognel, ougneil AugenwiDkel. 
A loan-word ? 

Eye-Knot 

19:10. ESw. ogon-ndste, (ogon-)ndtla, -ndstla, Norw. (augnejnest 
corner of the eye: Sw. oga, Norw. auga eye (10:06), OGutn. nast, 
nestli Verkniipfung, OHG. nestila Bandschleife, Schmirriemen, Binde, 
Dan. neste lose zusammennahen, heften, Sw. ndsta, ON. nesta be- 
festigen, festnageln, MHG. nesten schniiren, binden, heften. 

Curve, Hollow 

19:11. ESw. kusa inner corner of the eye, blister, eruption: 
kusa swell, blow up, ON. kjoss Hohlung, Bucht (W.). 

19 : 12. OE. angnora, nere corner of the eye ( ?) : anga prickle, 
sting, goad, OHG. ango, MHG. ange Haken, Angel -\-*nora, *nere: 
OE. nearo narrow place. Cf . Thone 22 f . 

? 20. Ear 

20:01. Goth, auso, ON. eyra, Norw. 0yra, Sw. ora, Dan. 0re, OE. 
eare, OFris. are, OS. ora, OHG. ora, MHG. ore, or, etc., ear, Lat. 
auris, Gr. ovs ear, etc. For conjectures on the prim. mg. cf. Walde 2 
76. 

Hearing 

20:02. Goth, hliuma hearing, ear: ON. hliomr sound, tune, 
OHG. hliumunt Ruf, Leumund, ON. hliod silence, hearing, sound, 
tune, hliodan sound, tune, OE. hlyd sound, root kleu- hear. Cf. the 
following. 

20:03. ON. Must auricle, ear, especially of animals, OE. hlyst 
sense of hearing, listening, attention, gehlyst hearing, OS. Must Ohr, 
Auf merksamkeit : ON. Musta listen, OHG. Mosen zuhorchen, horchen, 
lauschen, OE. Mosnian listen for, Olr. cluasa Ohren, Cymr. dust 
Gehor, OBulg. slysati horen, Skt. grosati hort, horcht, root kleu- hear. 
Cf. Walde 2 171 f. with references. 

Flap, Lobe 

20:04. MHG. leffel Ohr des Hasen, NHG. jemand hinter die 
Loffel scMagen, MLG. orlepel Ohrloffel: or ear (20:01); lappe Stuck, 



22 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Lappen, Wamme, OFris. lappa Lappen, OE. Iceppa tag, end, lobe 
(of ear, liver), Norw. lap, Sw. lapp Lappen, Fetzen. Cf. F-T 623. 
Cf. also 21:01 and 33:07. 

21. Ear-Lobe, Ear-Tip 
Flap 

21:01. Norw. firelap, Dan. tfrelcep, Sw. orlapp, OE. ear-lceppa, 
OFris. drleppa, arlippa, MLG. or lappe lobe of the ear, OE. Iceppa tag, 
end : Norw., Dan. ore, etc., ear (20 : 01), lobe (of the ear, liver) : Norw. 
lap, Sw. lapp Lappen, Fetzen, OFris. lappa Lappen, OE. earelippric 
lobe of the ear, MHG. leffel Ohr des Hasen: NHG. jemand hinter 
die Loffel schlagen, MLG. orlepel OhrlofM: lappe Stuck, Lappen, 
Wamme. Cf. F-T 623. Cf. 20:04 and 33:07. 

21:02. Dan. 0reflip tip or lobe of the ear: <j>re ear (20:01)4- 
flip flap, Norw. fllpe flap, piece, NIcel. flipi underlip of a horse. 
Cf. 33:10. 

Flat Piece 

21:03. OE. fltiere (Bosworth) ear-lap, pinnula auris, flceran = 
earlceppan pinnula aurium, auriculae : flering flooring, story : flor floor, 
ground, ON. florr floor of a cowshed, MHG. vluor Saatfeld, Weide- 
flache, NHG. Flur, MHG. vlarre, NHG. Flarre breites Stuck, breite 
Wunde; Lat. planus platt, eben, flach. Cf. Walde 2 589 with refer- 
ences. 

Ear-Blade 

21:04. ON. eyrna-blad lobe of the ear: eyra ear (20: 01) +blad 
leaf, blade. 

Ear-Tip 

21:05. Sw. orsnibb tip of the ear: ora ear (20:01) -\-snibb tip, 
corner, end. 

21:06. ON. eyra-snepill lobe of the ear, Norw. fiyresnipel lobe, 
tip of the ear, Sw. dial, dira-snap tip of the ear, ESw. orsnepe tip of 
the ear: ON. eyra, etc., ear+ON. snepill, Norw. snipel tip, flap, 
Norw. snippa, snipp tip, corner, etc. Cf. 23:04. 



older germanic and scandinavian 23 

22. Eardrum 
Small Bag 

22:01. MHG. belgelln, belgel kleiner Schlauch, Sack, Haut der 
Blumenknospe, Ohrtrommel, Herzbeutel, Nachgeburt: Goth, balgs 
Schlauch, ON. belgr, OE. belg. bylg, OS., OHG. balg id., NE. belly 
Bauch, bellows Blasebalg, OHG. belgan, MHG. belgen schwellen, etc. 

Eardrum 

22 : 02. Sw. ortrumma, Dan. firetromme tympanum, drum of the 
ear: Sw. ora, Dan. 0re ear (20:01)+Sw. trumma, Dan. tromme drum. 

23. Nose, Snout, Beak 
Hole? 

23:01. ON. ngs nostril, especially pi. nasar, nasir nostrils, nose, 
Norw. nos, nasa, Sw. nasa, Dan. ncese, OE. nosu, nces-, OHG. nasa, 
etc., nose: OBulg. nosu Nase, nozdri Nasenlocher, Lith. nasraz 
Rachen, OFris. nosi, OSw., Sw., Norw. nos Maul, ODan. nos nose: 
Skt. nasa (dual) Nase, nasika Nasenloch, Nase, Lat. naris Niister, 
Nasenloch. Cf. Walde 2 507 with references. 

Or the primary meaning may be 'dripper, snuffler': Lat. na-re 
swim, flow, drip, Gr. vdjxa anything flowing, vdpbs flowing, liquid, etc. 
(W.). 

Projection 

23 : 02. ON. nef nasal bone, nose, beak, bill, Sw. dial, ndv beak, 
nose, projecting point, OE. nebb nose, face (9:15), beak, front: 
Norw. nibba projection, point, a sharp edge, especially of a stone or a 
rock, NE. nib a small pointed thing or part, as the beak of a bird, the 
point of a pen, etc.: Lat. umbo boss, knob, promontory, ON. ngf, 
OE. nafu, OHG. naba Radnabe, Skt. nabha nave, navel. Wood, 
MLN. XVIII, 16; IF. XVIII, 33. Cf. also 1:06 and 104:02. 

23:03. ON. rani snout (of a hog, snake), the point of a 'svin- 
fylking,' NIcel. rani snout (of a hog), trunk (of an elephant) : Norw. 
rane point, projecting rock, rod, pole, a tall slender tree, Sw. dial. 
rana shoot up rapidly. 

23:04. Sw. dial, snipp snout: Dan. dial, snip tip, Norw. 
snipped) tip, corner end, Norw. snipel tip, flap: 0yresnipel tip of the 



24 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

ear (21:06), MLG. snippe Schuhschnabel, NLG. snippe, snip 
abgeschnittenes Stuck, Zipfel, Du. snip spitzes Stuck Land. 

23:05. Norw. snipa (if) beak, snipe: snlpa a miserly, un- 
sociable, or abrupt person, a slender woman, snlpen miserly, stingy, 
sharp-edged, snlpa scratch, pinch, Sw. dial, snipa tip, spout, snipe, 
snipig pointed, spout-like, NE. snipe snipe (bird with a pointed 
beak) . 

23:06. Sw. dial, snagg mouth of a person who scolds (26:05), 
snout, face (9:17), Norw. snaga stick out, snag, point, snage pro- 
jecting point, headland, snag-hyrdr with sharp points. 

23:07. Norw., Sw. tut spout, snout, tooting horn: ON. tuta 
projecting point, Sw. tuta tip of a glove, MLG. tute Horn, horn- oder 
trichterformiger Gegenstand, Du. twit Schnauze, EFris. tute Rohr, 
Schnauze, Tute, NLG. tute, tute Schnauze, Schnabel, Dute (F-T 
1295), NIcel. tutna be puffed up, swell. 

23:08. ESw. tyta mouth (26:06), snout, spout, pointed end: 
tyta protrude the lips and the mouth. Cf . 23 : 07. 

23:09. NIcel. toti snout, nozzle: tota point, toe of a shoe. Cf. 
23:08 and 101:25. 

23:10. ON. trantr, Norw. trant snout, chops, ON. trani snout, 
NIcel. trana push (forward). 

23:11. ON. tryni, trjona snout, NIcel. trjona snout, beak of a 
ship, tryni snout of a dog, Sw., Dan. tryne snout (as of a swine). 

23: 12. Sw. dial, trysse snout of swine. 

23:13. Norw. muletrjosk, -trusk mouth and nose of a horse: 
mule muzzle, snout +Norw. trjosk, troosk, trusk ringvseg, den ring 
som danner siderne i et kar, nostril of a horse, trunk of the body 
(94:38). 

23:14. MHG. triel Lippe (33:05), Mund (26:04), Schnauze, 
Maul. 

23:15. Norw., Sw. trut projecting mouth, snout, Norw. tryta 
snout, trot projecting mouth, Dan. trut id., dial, trutt spout, Norw. 
trott projecting mouth, Sw. dial, mouth of a bottle, MHG. druzzel 
Russel, Schnauze, Gurgel, Schlund, Kehle (43:01), NE. throttle 
choke, MLG. dreten, OHG. driozan verdriessen (cf. F-T 1289), 
early Dan. trude svulme, trsede frem, Dan. dial, staa frem, Sw. dial. 
truta ssette laeberne frem, ON. prot swelling, tumor, prutenn swollen, 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 25 

prutna swell, Lat. trudo thrust, push forward, put forth, trudis a 
pointed pole, pike (W.). 

23:16. Norw. strut spout, projecting pipe; snout, stryta snout, 
projecting mouth: ON. strutr, stryta pointed hood, NIcel. strutur 
pointed hood, strytr cone, pyramid, Sw. strut Dute, Sw. dial, stryta 
chimney, OE. strutian stand out stiffly, be rigid, MHG. striuzen 
strauben, spreizen, struz Strauss, Strauch, strozze Luftrohre, Gurgel 
(43:02) (W.). 

23:17. Norw. frott, frunt, putt protruded lips (33:04), mouth 
(26:08), wrinkled nose and raised upper lip; scalp (5:02), fore- 
lock (162:06), frunten full of wrinkles, frunta pout, wrinkle the 
nose. 

23:18. MHG. grans Schnabel des Vogels, Schiffsschnabel : 
OHG. grans, crans, granso Schiffsschnabel: OBulg., Russ. granu 
Ecke. Zupitza 176. Cf. 101:27. 

23 : 19. OE. geaflas jaws (40: 13), fauces, beak: OE. gafol, NIcel. 
gaffall, OHG. gafala fork (< French-English gable). Cf. 1:01. 

23:20. NIcel. goggur iron hook: beak, bill. 

23:21. Sw. dial, trumm mouth and nose (of an ox), snout, a 
horse's nose, tromm the nose of an ox, mouth: Sw. trumma culvert, 
ON. trumba pipe, trumpet. 

23:22. MHG. zunge Zunge, Riissel des Elefanten. Cf. 28:01. 

Projection or Snifiler 

23 : 23. Norw., Sw. snut, Dan. snude snout, protruding mouth, Sw. 
dial, snyte snout, mouth (26:09), corner of a piece of cloth, sack, 
field, narrow corner, angle, Norw. snota snout, tip, point, E. snout: 
OE. gesnot mucus of the nose, MHG. snuz Nasenverstopfung, Du. 
snot Rotz: ON. snyta, Sw. snyta, Dan. snyde, OE. snytan clear the 
nose, MHG. snuden schnaufen, schnarchen, zanken, spotten. 

23:24. Sw. dial, snuda snout, mouth (26:10), corner, hiding- 
place (Rz. 645). 

23:25. ESw. snat nose, snout, mouth (26:11), Norw. snot 
snout, protruding mouth: Norw. snat the pointed end of a rope, a 
wooded headland, a snappy woman, LG. snater Schnabel: Norw., 
Sw. snatta filch food, especially dainties, Norw. snatra snort, 
spurt. 



26 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Something Compressed 

23:26. ON. muli muzzle, snout, projecting mountain, Sw., Dan. 
mule muzzle, snout, NIcel. muli projecting mountain, mull halter, 
muzzle, OHG. mula Maul, rostrum, MHG. mule, mul Maul: Goth. 
faurmuljan das Maul verbinden, Gr. /xuXXco drucke die Lippen zusam- 
men, muckse, javWov Lippe, fiveiv sich schliessen (Augen, Lippen), 
ixvav die Lippen fest zusammendrticken. Cf . Fick III 4 , 323 f . 

23:27. NIcel. tuli snout. Perhaps a blend of toti (23:09) and 
muli (23:26)? 

Picker 

23:28. OE. bile beak, bill, proboscis: Bulg. bilo Querholz, 
Russ. Ch. SI. bilo Lautbrett, OBulg. biti schlagen. Uhlenbeck, 
PBB. XXVI, 568. 

Digger, Rooter 

23:29. OE. wrot snout, trunk of an elephant, MHG. rilezel, 
rilzzel Riissel: OE. wrotan root like swine, OHG. ruozjan, ruozzan 
aufwuhlen, aufreissen, ON. rota stir, throw into disorder, rot com- 
motion, stir. 

Sniffler, Snuffler 

23:30. ON. sndldr nose, especially of a snake, Norw. snaald 
snout, mouth: Norw. snaale sniff, rummage, snaalen greedy, eager 
for, Sw. snal stingy, MHG. sndwen schnobern, schnaufen. 

23:31. ESw. snas-hosk snout, nose: snasa sniff, poke the nose 
into, hoske a piece of leather, Norw. snasa sob, snort, Sw. snaska eat 
or drink inordinately, dial, also rummage, mouse. 

23:32. ESw. snuska nose of dogs or seals: snusk sniffing, 
searching. Cf. 23:31. 

23:33. Norw. snok snout, mouth and nose, scent, Sw. snok 
snout, nose, face (slang) (9:20), snake: Norw. snoka sob, sniff, Sw. 
snoka search, rummage, ODan. snoge sniff, search, NE. snook lurk, 
dial, scent, LG. snokeren mit dem Riissel wtihlen, naschen, MLG. 
snok Hecht, eig. der spitze, Du. dial, snoeks scharf. Cf. F-T 1089. 

23:34. ESw. snak nose: Sw. dial, snaka creep, steal after, 
snakare a person who comes uninvited to a wedding-feast under 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 27 

pretense of wishing to see the bride, ON., Norw. snaka rummage, 
snuff about, ON. snfikta sob, whine. Cf. 23:33. 

23:35. ON. snoppa snout, muzzle of a horse, NIcel. snoppa 
snout, nozzle, muzzle: OSw. snuppa sob, Sw. dial, snoppa sob, weep, 
MHG. snupfe, snupfe Schnupfen, snupfen, snupfezen schnaufen, 
schluchzen, OE. snofl mucus of the nose, OSw. sniuva, Sw. snuva 
cold in the head, MHG. snuben schnarchen, schnauben. 

23:36. Norw. skryt snout, mouth of an animal (26:46): Sw. 
skryta boast, dial, snore, Norw. skryta snort, cough up mucus, skrfiyta 
adorn, praise, boast, MLG. schruten schnarchen, schnauben. Cf. 
F-T 1033. 

23:37. Norw. skrumt mouth of a horse: ON skruma boast. 

23:38. Sw. snushorn (in jest) nose: Norw., Sw. snusa sniff, 
scent, Sw. dial, snustrd scent, poke the nose into, ON. snudra sniff, 
snuffle, +horn horn (157:01). 

23:39. Sw. snorhorn (vulg.) nose: Sw., ODan. snor, Norw. 
sn<f>r Rotz+Ziom horn (157:01). 

Snapper 

23:40. Norw. snavl beak, snout, mouth (26:12), Dan., Sw. 
snabel proboscis (from NHG.), OHG. snabul, MHG. snabel Schnabel, 
Schnauze, OFris. snavel Mund, Du. sneb Schnabel, MLG. snabbe 
Schnabel, Lith. sndpas Schnabel (F-T 1088) : MHG. snaben, sneben 
schnelle u. klappernde Bewegung machen, schnappen, schnauben. 
Wood, IF. XVIII, 33. 

Crane 

23:41. Sw. slang kran nose: Sw. kran crane (machine), faucet: 
OE. cran, OHG. kran, krane, MLG. kran, Du. kraan crane. 

Pear 

23:42. Sw. slang pawn pear: nose. 

Lantern 

23:43. Sw. slang lantdrna lantern: red nose. 

Miscellaneous 

23:44. Sw. slang snuskammartaket the nose, lit. the snuff 
chamber roof. 



28 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

23:45. ESw. ndsbroske snout: Sw. ndsa nose (23: 01) -\-brosk 
cartilage (159:01). 

24. Nostril 
Nose-Hole 

24:01. NIcel. nos nostril (23:01). 

24:02. Norw. nasehora, Sw. ndsborr, Dan. ncesebor nostril: 
ON. bora bore, hole, Norw. bora a small hole, Sw. borr, Dan. bor 
drill, auger, gimlet: ON. bora, Sw. borra, Dan. bore bore holes. For 
first part cf. 23:01. 

24:03. ESw. nasgat nostril: nds-, Sw. ndsa nose (23:01) -{-gat 
hole, ON. gat hole, opening, gata path, way, road, Sw. gata street, 
road, Goth, gatwo Gasse, OHG. gazza Strasse. 

24:04. Sw. dial, nasugluggar nostrils: nasu-, Sw. ndsa nose 
(23:01) +glugg small opening or window. Cf. 10:08. 

24:05. ON. nas-raufar nostrils: nas-, nos nostrils (23:01) + 
rauf hole, rent: raufa break up, open, pierce, make holes in, rjufa 
break a hole in, break. 

24:06. OE. nces-pyrel nostril: nces- nose (23:01) -\-byrel 
aperture, hole: pyrian perforate, OHG. durihill, durchil, MHG. 
durchel durchbohrt, durchlochert, OE. purh through. 

24:07. Sw. dial, ndfhal, ndshal nostril: ON. nef nose, etc. 
(23:02)+Sw. hot hole. 

25. Septum of the Nose 
Mid-Nose 

25:01. NIcel. mids-nesi septum of the nose: mid middle -\-nos 
nostril (23:01). 

25:02. OE. middel-flere (Sweet), -flere (Bosw.) partition (gristle 
of nose): middel middle+fee: flering flooring, story, flor floor, 
ground. 

Nose Gristle 

25:03. OE. nms-gristle nose gristle: nosu, nces nose (23:01) + 
gristel cartilage (159:08). 

25:04. Sw. dial, ndfskryl cartilage of the nose: ndf, ndv beak, 
nose, projecting point (23: 02) -\-skryl gristle. Cf. 159:16. 



older germanic and scandinavian 29 

26. Mouth 

^ . x . (See also 23. Nose) 

Projection 

26:01. Goth, munps, ON. munnr, mudr, OE. mup, OS. mud, 
mund, OHG. munt, etc., mouth: Cymr. mant jaw, Lat. mentum 
chin, Gebaudevorsprung, mons mountain, eminere, prominere hervor- 
ragen. Cf. Fick I 4 , 513. 

26:02. Sw. slang gadd tongue, mouth. Cf. 28:02. 

26:03. Norw. gron mouth or lips (23:03) of an animal. Cf. 
162:14. 

26 : 04. MHG. trielUppe (33 : 05), Mund, Schnauze (23 : 14), Maul. 

26:05. Sw. dial, snagg mouth of a person who scolds, snout 
(23:06), face (9:17): Norw. snaga stick out, snag point, snage 
Landspitze, ON. snag-hyrndr with sharp points. 

26:06. ESw. tyta mouth, snout (23:08), spout, pointed end: 
tyta protrude the lips and the mouth. 

26:07. Sw. slang pipen the mouth: Sw. pip spout. 

26:08. Norw. frott, frunt, frutt protruded lips (33:04), mouth, 
frunt also wrinkled nose (23:17) and raised upper lip, scalp (5:02), 
forelock (162:06), frutta grumble, show signs of anger, Sw. dial. 
frutt cross, angry, frunten wrinkled. 

26:09. Sw. dial, snyte snout, mouth. Cf. 23:23. 

26: 10. Sw. dial, snuda snout, mouth. Cf. 23:24. 

26:11. ESw. snat nose, snout, mouth. Cf. 23:25. 

26: 12. OFris. snavel Mund, snabba id., Norw. snavl beak, snout, 
mouth. Cf. 23:40. 

Mass, Heap 

26 : 13. ON. kok (Fritzner) gullet, mouth. Cf . 43 : 51. 

26 : 14. Sw. dial, knabba mouth (contempt) : knabbe block, clog. 

26:15. Sw. mugga (slang) mouth: Sw. mugg mug, NE. mug 
mug; (slang) face: MHG. mocke Klumpen, Brocken, Swiss mugel 
runder dicker Mensch, ON. mugi swath, crowd, mugr crowd (W.). 

26:16. ON. hvdptr cheek (Zoega): mouth, chops. Cf. 35:06. 

Twist, Grimace 

26: 17. MHG. vlans Mund, Maul, bes. verzerrtes Maul: MHG. 
flannen os contorquere, den Mund oder das Gesicht verziehen wie 



30 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Weinende oder Lachende tun, ON. flan sudden noisy movement, 
flana move carelessly. 

Flap 

26 : 18. Sw. flabb large mouth, ESw. flabba, fldbba, Far. flabbur 
mouth, snout, large mouth, Norw. flabb, Dan. flab mouth or jaws 
of an animal, a big-mouthed person, a large mouth: MLG. vlabbe 
large mouth, gossip: Sw. dial, flabb a hanging lower lip (33:06), 
flap, flabba hang the lip, be given to shedding tears, sit loose and 
hang down, NE. flabby lax, loose. Tamm 148. 

Opening, Hole, Gap 

26:19. ESw. gan gill (45:01), gap, mouth, snout, gullet: Gr. 
Xalva gape. Cf. 43:27. 

26:20. ON. gap gap, empty space, Sw. gap, Dan. gab gap, 
mouth, throat (43:28). 

26:21. ESw. mungap mouth-gap: cavity of the mouth: mun 
mouth (26:01)+gap (26:20). 

26:22. ESw. matgap food gap: mouth: mat food, Goth, mats, 
ON. matt, mata, OE., OFris. mete, OS. mat, meti, OHG. maz Speise+ 
gap (26:20). 

26:23. Sw. slang matgluggar food hole: mouth: Sw. mat food-f 
gluggar airholes, openings. 

26 : 24. Sw. slang matglykan the mouth : mat food-\-glyka f Com- 
pare Sw. dial, glyk swallow, NE. dial, glock, gluck, glutch swallow with 
difficulty, gulp (W.). 

26 : 25. Sw. slang mathal food hole : mat food -\-hal hole. 

26:26. Sw. munhala cavity of the mouth: mun (26:01)+MZa 
hole, cavity. 

26:27. MHG. giel Maul, Rachen, Schlund, NIcel. gull cavity of 
the mouth, inflated mouth, MDu. gole open mouth or jaws: Gr. 
xaOXos • x^os gaping, loose, x«os empty space. Wood, JE . a x , 105 f . ; 
MLN. XXIX, 70. 

26:28. ON. gin mouth of a beast, MHG. gin Maul, Rachen: 
OE. gin yawning gulf, abyss, ON. gina gape, yawn, OE. glnan yawn, 
ginian, geonian be wide open, gape, ganian yawn, OHG. ginen, 
geinon, glen gahnen, ON. gjd rift, cleft, Lat. hiare gahnen, auf- 
gesperrt sein. Cf. Walde 2 336 with references. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 31 

26:29. OE. gipung gaping, open mouth: gipian yawn, OLG. 
gipendi patens, NHG. dial, geifen offen stehen, LG. gipen gaffen, 
gierig sein: Lat. hidre. Cf. 26:28 and 26:41. 

26:30. Sw. dial, sldks large mouth, gap, slduk gap, throat, 
MHG. sluch Haut, Schlauch, Rohre, Schlund, Kehle, Gurgel, Russel, 
Abgrund. Cf. 43:37. 

26:31. Norw. tokner, pi. the further part of the mouth of man 
or beast. Cf. 45:04. 

26:32. OE. wod-dor (wop-dor?) (Bosw.) the gate of speech? 
mouth ? 

26:33. Bornh. floss (vulg.) mouth, Dan. fltfs offenstehendes 
Maul, lummelhafte Person, from LG. flots, HG. Fldz: OHG. flezzi 
Fletz, flaz flach. Compare German Flatschmaul = Plattmaul Person 
mit breitem Munde. Cf. F-T 246. 

26:34. Sw. dial, gldfs mouth (contempt): Sw. gldfsa snap at, 
Sw. glafsa talk untimely, devour, eat voraciously and long, Sw. 
glappa clack, clap, Norw., Sw. dial, gldppa open, slip open, talk 
untimely, Norw., Sw. dial, glap opening, hole, OSw. glapran talking, 
etc. Cf. Tamm 218. 

Snapper, Clapper 

26:35. ON. kjgptr, kjaptr mouth, muzzle, jaw, Norw. kjeft 
jaw, mouth, ESw. kdfta mouth, kdfte jaw, mouth, OE. ceafl jaw. 
Cf. 40:12. 

26:36. Sw. snattra (vulg.) mouth: snattra babble, Norw. 
snatra snort, spurt. 

26:37. ESw. slappra mouth: slappra brag, babble. 

26:38. ESw. habbla mouth: habbla prate, brag, habbel gossip, 
habba be slovenly. 

26:39. Sw. slang babbla mouth: Sw. babbla babble. 

26:40. Sw. dial, gevel mouth: gevla chew badly, slowly, stutter, 
ON. geifla mumble. 

26:41. ESw. gippla mouth: gippla talk profusely or slovenly, 
nag: Sw. dial, gipa pout, whimper, prate, ON. geipa schwatzen, 
Germ. *gip-, *gaip- hiare. Cf . 26 : 29. 

26:42. Sw. slang klaff mouth, probably from German Klaff, 
MHG. klaf, klapf Knall, Krach, OHG. klaph Anprall. 



32 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

26:43. Sw. dial, smaule mouth: smaula nibble at something: 
Sw. smula morsel. 

26 : 44. Sw. slang tjog, tjok, tjak mouth, face (9 : 28) . 

26:45. Norw. mutt mouth (child's word): mutta pout, kiss, 
mutten morose, Sw. dial, mutten offended, morose, sad, NHG. mutzen 
unfreundlich, verdriesslich sein in halblauten vereinzelten Tonen 
mit murrischem Stillschweigen, brummen. 

26:46. Norw. skryt snout, mouth of an animal. Cf. 23:36. 

Miscellaneous 

26:47. Sw. slang brokvarn bread mill: mouth: Sw. brod bread 
-\-kvarn mill. 

26:48. Sw. dial, tikka mouth (contempt) : tikk, Sw. ticka sl kind 
of mushroom. 

27. Corner of the Mouth 
Opening, Crack 

27:01. Sw. mungipa, ESw. gep, gip, gepe, gipe corner of the 
mouth: Norw. gip gap, jaws, geip suppressed lower lip: Norw. gipa 
deep gaping wound, Sw. dial, gipa pout, whimper, prate, LG. glpen 
covet, pant for breath, NHG. dial, geifen gape, crack, Sw. dial, gippa 
a crack, gippa gape, crack, Norw. gipa cut, groove, gipa gape, NHG. 
dial, giffen gape. 

Mouth-Corner 

27:02. Dan. mundkrog corner of the mouth: krog corner, nook, 
hook, crook, ON. krokr hook, barb, peg, curve, corner, Sw. krok 
curve, nook, hook. 

27:03. Dan. mundvig, Sw. dial, munsvik corner of the 
mouth: Dan. vig creek, cove, inlet, ON. vik inlet, small bay, 
Sw. vik id. 

27:04. Sw. dial, munsvra corner of the mouth: ON. rd 
corner, nook, berth in a ship, Norw. to corner, nook, a strip or 
portion of the horizon, Sw. dial, ro corner, nook, Dan. vraa, 
Sw. vra id. 

27:05. Sw. dial, munstra corner of the mouth: -tra perhaps 
a corruption of vra. 

27 : 06. Sw. dial, munbrane corner of the mouth. 



older germanic and scandinavian 33 

28. Tongue 
Pointed Object 

28:01. Goth, tuggo, ON. tunga, OS. tunga, OE. tunge, OHG. 
zunga tongue, MHG. zunge Zunge, Riissel des Elefanten (23:22): 
Lat. lingua {*dingua) tongue: ON. tangi a point projecting into 
the sea, the pointed end by which the blade is driven into the 
handle, Norw. tange tang of a knife, spit, projection of land, NE. 
tang point, projection, especially a long and slender projecting strip, 
tongue, or prong, forming part of an object and serving to hold 
and secure it to another, Gr. 86lktv\os finger, toe. Wood, Class. 
Phil. Ill, 74 f. 

28:02. OSw. gadder point, plug, thorn: serpent's tongue, Sw. 
gadd serpent's tongue, Sw. slang mouth (26:02): ON. gaddr goad, 
spike, Norw. gadd peg, point, prod, Goth, gazds Stachel, OHG., 
MHG. gart stimulus, Stachel, Treibstecken. 

28:03. ON. goma-spjot tongue: gomr gum, palate (44:02), 
finger-tip (63 : 01) +spjot spear, lance, Sw. spjut spear, Dan. spyd 
spit, spear, OHG. spioz Spiess. 

29. Root of the Tongue 
Gap 

29:01. OSw. gome, ESw. gom{m)e palate, root of the tongue. 
Cf. 44:02. 

Tongue-Binder 

29:02. ESw. tungbast root of the tongue: ON. tunga, Sw. 
tunga tongue (28:01)+Sw. bast bast, ON. bast bast, the inner bark 
of the lime-tree, cord or string of bast: ON. basta bind with a rope 
of bast. Cf. 31:05. 

29:03. Sw. tungspenie) root of the tongue: spene teat: IE. 
*spen ziehen: Olr. sinim strecke aus, Germ. *spanan ziehen: OE., 
OS., OHG. spanan locken. Cf. F-T 1116 f. 

29:04. Sw. dial, mar-spen root of the tongue: mar: ON. morr 
suet (154:02)+spen udder (101:04). 

Drop 

29 : 05. Sw. dial, dropel root of the tongue. Cf . 31 : 01. 



34 parts of the body in 

30. Tip of the Tongue 

30:01. Sw. tungspets, Dan. tungspids tip of the tongue: Sw. 
tunga, Dan. tunge tongue (28:01)+Sw. spets, Dan. spids Spitze, tip. 



31. Uvula 
Drop, Globule 

31:01. OSw. drypil, Sw. dial, drfippel, Norw. drypel, Dan. 
dr0bel uvula: Sw. droppe, Dan. draabe drop, Sw. drypa, Dan. dryppe 
drip. Cf. 29:05. 

Leaf 

31 : 02. MHG. blat Blatt, Laub : Halszapf chen. 

Grape 

31:03. OE. uf uvula, MHG. five, fife das Zapflein im Halse, 
from Lat. uva. 

31:04. MHG. wln-berlln Halszapf chen : wln-ber Weintraube, 
-beere, probably a translation of the Lat. uvula. 

Tongue-Binder 

31:05. Sw. dial, tung-bast uvula: ON. tunga, Sw. tunga tongue 
(28:01)+Sw. bast bast, ON. bast bast, the inner bark of the lime- 
tree, cord or string of bast: ON. basta bind with a rope of bast. 
Cf. 29:02. 

Throat-Tongue 

31:06. OE. hrcec-tunge uvula: hrcec-: hraca throat (43:41)-h 
tunge tongue (28 : 01) . 

32. Tooth 
Point, Sharp Edge 

32:01. Goth, tunpus, ON. tgnn, Sw., Dan. tand, OE. top tooth, 
tusk, OS. tand, OHG., MHG. zan{t) Zahn, OE. tusc, tux, tucsl, tuxl 
canine or molar tooth, tusk, OFris. tusk, tosch tusk: Lat. dens, Gr. 
oSovs, Skt. dan, Olr. det, Cymr. dant tooth: ON. tindr spike, tooth, 
mountain peak, OE. tind prong, spike, MLG. tind, MHG. zint 
Zacken, Zinke, MLG. tinne, OHG. zinna Zinne. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 35 

Back Tooth 

32:02. ESw. baktand eyetooth: bak back, behmd+tand tooth 
(32:01). 

Front Tooth 

32:03. ESw. framtand, frdmsttand front tooth: Sw. fram 
forward, frdmst foremost -\-tand tooth (32: 01). 

Corner Tooth 

32 : 04. Sw. horntand eyetooth : horn corner + tand tooth (32 : 01) . 

32:05. OFris. herntuskar Eckzahne, Augenzahne: erne, heme, 
Ecke, Winkel: die der Krone beraubte Ecke eines Zahnes, Zahn- 
wurzel. Cf . 32 : 04 and 32 : 01 . 

Eyetooth 

32:06. Sw. ogontand eyetooth: oga eye (10:06) -{-tand tooth 
(32:01). 

War-Tooth 

32:07. OE. hilde-tusc war-tusk: hild war, battle+ftZsc (32:01). 
32:08. ON. vigtgnn fang, canine tooth: vig fight -\-tgnn tooth 
(32:01). 

Fight-Tooth, Fang 

32:09. ON. attgnn fang: at incitement to battle: ata (ad) 
incite -\-tgnn tooth (32 : 01) . 

Thrust-Tooth 

32:10. Sw. huggtand fang: hugga hew -{-tand tooth (32:01). 

32:11. Dan. stfidtand tusk: st0de push, thrust -\- tand tooth 
(32:01). 

Grip-Tooth, Fang 

32:12. ESw. griptand fang, incisor: gripa seize+tand tooth 
(32:01). 

32:13. OE. feng-top canine tooth, NE. fang: OE. feng grasp, 
fon fangen, etc. 

Wolf-Tooth 

32:14. Dan. dial, ulvetand long sharp tooth occasionally found 
in colts and pigs : ulv wolf -{-tand tooth (32 : 01) . 



36 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Grind-Tooth, Molar 

32:15. OE. grind-topas grinding teeth, grinders: grindan grind 
+topas teeth (32:01). 

32:16. OE. cweorn-top molar tooth, grinder: cweorn mill -{-top 
tooth (32:01). 

Gap-Tooth 

32:17. Sw. dial, greistand, grajstann snag tooth: Norw. greis 
leaky, separated, Sw. dial, grest leaky, sparse, grisu crack, small 
ledge, Norw. grlsa grin, twist the mouth, show the teeth, -\-tand 
tooth (32:01). Cf. F-T 349. 

32:18. Sw. gigeltand tooth that sticks out: Norw. gigl un- 
steady, tottering, giga, gigla, gigra be loose, totter, geiga swing, 
dangle, ON. geigan wavering -fSw., Norw. tand tooth (32:01). 
Cf. Tamm 213. 

32:19. ESw. jottertand tooth that grows over another: jotter, 
jottel gossip, idle talk, jottla gossip, prate (?)+tand tooth (32:01). 

Tooth-Piano 

32:20. Sw. slang tanklaveret row of teeth: tan, tand tooth -f- 
klaver piano. 

Biter, Cutter 

32:21. ON. biti bit, mouthful, eyetooth, cross-beam: bit bite, 
sharpness, edge, bitlingr bit, morsel: bita cut into bits, bita bite, 
Norw. bitel, bitle small single tooth, Shetl. bitel, botel large tooth, 
especially tusk, bitlek, bditlek broken tooth, small tooth, Sw. bete 
tusk, ESw. beta, betetann tooth of a snake, incisor: beta bite (tann, 
Sw. tand tooth 32:01), Goth, beitan beissen, etc., Skt. bhtdati, 
bhindtti, Lat. findo split. 

32:22. Swed. dial, skdr-tdnder eyeteeth: skdra cut -\-tdnder 
teeth. 

32:23. OE. fore-ceorfend fore-cutter, front tooth: fore-ceorfan 
cut off front of. 

32:24. MHG. sagler Schneidezahn: OHG. saga, sega, MHG. 
sage, sege Sage, OHG. sagon, segon, MHG. sage, segen sagen, Lat. 
seco cut. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 37 

Knob, Plug, Peg 

32:25. OFris. kese Backenzahn, NWFris. kies id., MDu. kiese- 
tant, Du. hies y MLG. kuse Backenzahn, EFris. kus(e) id.: kuse 
Kloben, Klotz, Klumpen, MLG. kuse Keule, clava, MDu. cuse, 
cuyse club, cudgel: OBulg. gvozdi Nagel, Russ. gvozdi Nagel, Pflock, 
Zapfen, etc. (W.). For mg. compare Gr. yoficfros nail, peg, pin, 
youcfrvos molar, Backenzahn, OBulg. zabu Zahn. 

Cartilage 

32:26. Dan. dial, brusk cartilage (159.01): teeth: skcere 
brusk, skcere tcender cut, grind the teeth as some people do in their 
sleep. 

Dining-Room Furniture 

32:27. Sw. slang matsalsmobel dining-room furniture: teeth, 
false teeth. 

33. Lip 
Swelling, Protrusion, Projection 

33:01. Goth, wairilo, OE. weler lip: Lat. varus blotch, pimple, 
varulus swelling in the eye, Gr. aeipcc raise. Wood, MLN. XXIX, 72. 

33:02. ON. vgrr, OFris. were, OSw. var, vara lip: OPruss. 
warsus Lippe, Unterlippe (F-T 672): OE. wearr callosity, wart, 
Lat. verruca wart, a steep place, height, Skt. varsmdn- Hohe, Oberstes, 
Scheitel. Wood, MLN. XXIX, 72. 

33 : 03. ON. grpn the hair on the upper lip, mustache, lip, Norw. 
gron muzzle (26.03), lips of an animal. Cf. 162: 14. 

33:04. Norw. frott, frunt, frutt protruded lips, mouth (26:08), 
frunt also wrinkled nose (23:17) and raised upper lip, scalp (5:02), 
forelock (162:06), frutta grumble, show signs of anger, Sw. dial. 
frutt cross, angry, frunten wrinkled. 

33:05. MHG. triel Lippe, Mund (26:04), Schnauze (23:14), 
Maul. 

Something Hanging Down, Flap 

33 :06. Sw. dial, fldbb a hanging lower lip, flap. Cf. 26 : 18. 

33:07. OSw. lepe, Sw. Idpp, Dan. Icebe lip, OE. lippa, OS. lepur, 
OFris. lippa, OHG. leps, lefs, leffur, MHG. lefs, lefse ON., Norw. 



38 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

lapa hang down slack, tremble, MHG. erlaffen erschlaffen. Cf. 
20:04 and 21:01. 

33:08. Sw. overldpp, ESw. ovanstldpp, ovanpaastldpp upper 
lip, Sw. over over, ovanpa on top of, above -\-ldpp lip (33:07). 

33:09. Sw. underldpp lower lip, under under -\-ldpp lip (33:07). 

33 : 10. NIcel. flipi underlip of a horse, LG. flip breites Maul mit 
hangenden Lippen: Norw. flipa whimper, cry, be sullen, hang the 
lips, fleipa gape, puff out (of clothes) ; whimper, trifle, prate. Cf . 
33:06 and 26:18. 

Upper Mouth 

33:11. MHG. uber-munt upper lip, iiber over-\-munt mouth 
(26:01). 

Lower Jaw 

33:12. Norw. nederkjeft lower jaw, also lip of an animal: nedre 
nether, lower -\-kjeft jaw (40:12). 

Grimace 

33:13. OE. smcer(e) (Bosworth) a lip: smceran (?) laugh at, 
deride, smercian, smearcian smile, NE. smirk smile in an affected or 
conceited manner, Far. smirast smile, Skt. smtra-h smiling. 

Beard-Stand 

33 : 14. ON. gran-stddi the bearded part of the face, the upper lip : 
grgn (162:14)+ON. st0r standing firm. 

~ ,., 34. Harelip 

Gap, Split 

34:01. ON., NIcel. skard notch, hack, breach, gap: ON. skard 
i vgrr harelip: vgrr lip (33:02), NIcel. skard i vor harelip: vbr lip: 
OE. sceard gap, notch: ON., NIcel. skera, OE. scieran cut. 

Hare-Split 

34:02. OE. hcer-sceard harelip: Fris. haskerde harelipped: OE. 
Kara hare -\- sceard gap, notch (34:01). 

Hare-Mouth 

34:03. Norw. haremunn harelip: hare hare+mwnn mouth 
(26:01). 



older germanic and scandinavian 39 

35. Cheek 
Curve, Bend 

35:01. ON. vangi cheek, OE. wang(e), wcenge, gewenge jaw 
(40:07), cheek, OS., OHG. wanga, MHG. wange maxilla, Wange: 
Goth, waggs Feld, Aue, ON. vangr meadow, field, OS. wang meadow, 
OE. wang field, etc. : Goth, un-wdhs untadelhaft, OE. woh crooked, 
perverse, OS. wdh Ubel, Boses, Ir. fan oblique, precipice, Cymr. 
gwaen field, meadow, Lat. convexus sich wolbend, vacillare wackeln, 
wanken, Skt. vdncati geht krumm oder schief, wankt, wackelt, 
schleicht, vacydte schwingt sich, fliegt, vakrd-h gebogen, krumm. 
Cf. Walde 2 189 with references. 

35:02. ON. hlyr, OS. hlior, OE. hleor cheek, E. dial, leer flank, 
loin, cheek, face, complexion, flesh: ON. Maun buttock (112:06), Lat. 
clunis Hinterbacke, Lith. szlaunis Oberschenkel, Skt. groni-h Hinter- 
backe, Htifte. Wood, IF. XVIII, 28. 

35:03. Goth, kinnus, Sw., Dan. kind Backe, ON. kinn Backe, 
Bergabhang: Olr. gin mouth, Lat. gena cheek, dentes genulnl molars, 
Gr. yivvs the lower jaw, yevves both jaws, the mouth, hence also the 
cheek or chin, yevqis sharp edge of a battle axe, yuvia angle, corner. 
Cf. 38:01 and 80:01. 

35:04. OHG. bahho, baccho, MHG. backe Backe, Kinnlade. 
Cf. 40:01 and 111:04. 

35:05. OHG. hiufila, hufela, hufeli, MHG. hiufel, hufel, huf 
Backen, Wange, weibliche Brust (99:13): OE. heap, OS. hop, 
OFris. hap, OHG. hauf, houf, MHG. houf heap, crowd, Norw. 
hupp tassel, tuft, Goth, hups, ON. huppr, OE. hype, OHG. hup 
hip, Lat. cubitum, cubitus elbow, Gr. kv(3os Hohlung vor der Htifte 
beim Vieh, Lith. kaupas heap, kupd heap, mass, kupeta small hay- 
stack, Lett, kupenis snowdrift, OBulg. kupu heap. Cf. 116:05 
and 35:06. 

35:06. ON. hvdptr cheek (Zoega), mouth, chops (26:16), 
hvammr grassy hollow or little vale, OS. hwamm corner, edge. Cf. 
116:05 and 35:05. 

Or hvdptr may go back to the prim. mg. 'bulge, swelling.' Com- 
pare Dan. hoven geschwollen, aufgedunsen, dick, hovne schwellen, auf- 
bauchen, Skt. gupti-h Schulter, gopha-h Geschwulst, Geschwur, 
Beule, gvdyati schwillt an, etc. Wood, Class. Phil. VII, 332. 



40 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Swelling 

35:07. OE. ceace jaw (40:08), cheek, OFris. ziake id.: Norw. 
kjuka Knorren, Lith. guzas Beule, guzas Buckel, Driise, Knorren, 
Knopf, guzys Kropf der Vogel. Wood, IF. XVIII, 28. Cf. ON. 
kok gullet (43:50). 

Inclosed (?) Fat 

35:08. OE. (h)eago-spind, hecga-, -spinn, -spen cheek: haga 
inclosure, homestead, messuage +spind fat (154:03). 

Sight, Look 

35:09. Sw. dial, ansikte (from LG.) face, cheek. Cf. 9:03. 

36. Cheek Bone 

36 : 01. Sw. dial, kimning cheek bone of a horse. 

36:02. OSw. kinbakke jaw, cheek bone, ESw. kindbacke cheek 
bone: OSw. kin, ESw., Sw. kind cheek (35:03)+OSw. bakke hill, 
high bank, Sw. backe hill, slope. 

36:03. ESw. kindbageben cheek bone: kind cheek (35:03) + 
bdge bow, arc, arch+fren bone (77:07). 

36:04. ESw. kinkdlke cheek bone, cheek: Sw. kind cheek 
(35:03)+fcaZfce hand sled (40:05). 

36:05. Dan. aagben zygomatic bone, cheek bone: aag yoke+ 
ben bone (77:07). 

36:06. NIcel. gelgja cheek bone of a fish. 

37. Dimple 
Depression, Hollow 

37:01. Dan. del, dcelle kleine Vertiefung in der Haut, dimple in 
the cheek or the chin: Dan. dceld, Sw. ddld, ON. dfll, d$ld little dale, 
dimin. of ON. dalr, Sw. dal valley. 

37:02. MHG. grabelln, grebelln kleiner Graben: Griibchen. 

37:03. Sw. kindgrop dimple in the cheek: kind cheek (35:03) + 
grop pit. 

37:04. Sw. dial, smilgrop dimple: smila smile -{-grop pit. 

37:05. Dan. smilehul dimple: smile smile -\-hul hole. 

37:06. NIcel. skard i hoku dimple in the chin: skard notch, 
breach, gap (34:01), haka chin (38:02). 



older germanic and scandinavian 41 

38. Chin 
Curve, Bend 

38:01. OE. cinn chin, OFris. kin, OS. kin, OHG. chinni, MHG. 
kinne, kin Kinn. Cf. 35:03 and 80:01. 

38:02. ON. haka, Sw. haka, Dan. hage chin: Sw., Norw. /ia/ce, 
Dan. Aage, OE. haka, OS. fta/co hook, OE. hoc hook, MLG. Ao/c, huh 
Haken, Ecke, Winkel, Landspitze. 

38:03. Sw. dial, kdpe, kjdpe chin. 

38 : 04. Sw. dial, kjdk chin, hook. Cf . 40 : 02. 

Block 

38:05. ON. dlka chin, lower part of the face (Haldorsen), 
NIcel. dlka chin, Norw. alka en fastnaglet klods, som tjener til 
gjsenge eller axelholder paa d^re, luger, slagborde og deslige. 

39. Double Chin 
Bowl 

39:01. OHG. chelh, cheluch, chelich, MHG. kelch struma, Kropf, 
Unterkinn. Cf . 127 : 01 and 40 : 05. 

Swelling 

39:02. MHG. kiutel herabhangende Wamme, Unterkinn. Cf. 
139:04. 

Flesh Chin 

39 : 03. Sw. dial, kotthaka double chin: kott flesh (153 : 06) +haka 
chin (38:02). 

Lard Chin 

39 : 04. Sw. isterhaka double chin : ister lard (135 : 06 and 154 : 06) 
+haka chin (38:02). 

40. Jaw 
Curve, Bulge, Swelling 

40:01. OHG. bahho, bacho, MHG. backe Backe, Kinnlade, 
OFris. kinbakka id., Sw., dial, kinbak jaw {kin 35:03, 38:01, 80:01) : 
OHG. bahho Speckseite, OE. bcec back, etc. Cf. 111:04. 

40:02. Norw. kjake, Sw. kdke jaw, Sw. dial, kjdk chin, hook 
(38:04), MLG. kake, keke Gaumen, Kehle, ON. kok (Fritzner) 



42 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

gullet (43:51), mouth (26:13), Norw. kok lump (of earth); throat: 
Sw., NIcel. kaka cake, etc. 

40:03. Sw. dial, kjakelank jaw: kjdke jaw (40:02) -{-lank link. 

40:04. Sw. dial, kjunk jaw. 

40:05. ON. kjdlki jawbone, hand sled, Norw. kjelke id., kinn- 
kjelke cheek bone, upper jaw, Sw. dial, kinkialk, kinkicelk, kindtjdlke 
jaw: Sw. kdlke hand sled: ESw. kdlka walk down the shoes at the 
heels, run fast. Compare OE. ceole throat. Cf. 127:01. 

40:06. ON. skoltr jaw (Zoega), NIcel. skoltur jaw, skolt-bein 
jawbone. Cf. 1:47. 

40:07. OE. wang(e), wcenge, gewenge jaw, cheek, etc. Cf. 35:01. 

40 : 08. OE. ceace jaw, cheek, OFris. ziake id. Cf . 35 : 07. 

Chewer 

40:09. OHG. chewa, chiewa, chiwa, chiuwa, MHG. kewe, kiwe 
Kiefer, Kinnbacken: MLG. kewe, kiwe branchus: OHG. kiuwan, 
MHG. kuwen, kiuwen, Du. kauuwen, OE. ceowan chew, OBulg. 
zivq, zwati kauen, Lat. gingiva Zahnfleisch. Cf . Fick III 4 , 44. 

Snapper 

40:10. MHG. kiver, kivel Kiefer, Kinnbacken: kiffen, kifen, 
kifelen nagen, kauen, kiben, kiven, kibelen, kivelen scheltend zanken, 
Sw. kiva{s) quarrel (speaking of children), ON. kippa riieken, haschen, 
schnappen, berauben, MHG. kippen schlagen, stossen. Wood, IF. 
XVIII, 33. 

40:11. Dan. dial, kncebber the cry of the stork: jaw: kneb 
pinch, pi. griping, knibe pinch, knep, knebs snap, crack. 

40:12. ON. kjpptr, kjaptr mouth (26:35), muzzle, Norw. kjceft, 
kjeft jaw, mouth, ESw. kdfte jaw, mouth, OE. ceafl, OS. kafl jaw: 
Olr. gop Schnabel, Mund, Av. zafar e , zafan- Mund, Rachen. Uhlen- 
beck, Ai. Wb. 97. 

40:13. OE. geaflas jaws, fauces, beak (23:19): OE. gafol, 
NIcel. gaffall, OHG. gafala fork (from French-English gable). Cf. 
1:01. 

40:14. OE. geagl, geahl jowl, jaw, mandibula, rictus, fauces: 
MLG. gegel palate, etc. 

40:15. OE. weohlan jaws: weo upper part of the throat. Cf. 
43:18 and 43:19. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 43 

40:16. ODan. yverkjcepe Oberkafer (F-T 521): Sw. dial, kdpa, 
kjdpe chin (38:03). 

40: 17. ESw. skrdfta jaw. Perhaps a blend of kdft jaw (40: 12) 
and skrdvla talk profusely and boastingly ? 

41. Neck 
Curve 

41:01. Goth, halsagga Hals, Nacken: hals neck (41:06) + 
-agga: ON. angi prickle, sting, OE. anga prickle, sting, goad, OHG. 
ango Hulse, Stachel, Fischangel, ON. gngull fish hook, OE. angel id., 
OHG. angul Stachel, Fischangel, Olr. ecath Fischangel, Lat. ancus, 
uncus gekrummt, Gr. cljkos a bend or hollow, especially of the arm, 
Tal, Schlucht, ayKiov the bend or hollow of the arm, elbow, any bend, 
as the angle of the wall, bend of a river, bay of the sea, the curved 
horns of a lyre, ojkos a bend, curve, a hook, barb of an arrow or 
spearhead, ayKaXr) Ellenbogen, Skt. ankd-h Biegung, Haken, Bug, 
dncati, dcati biegt, kriimmt, Lith. anka Schlinge, OBulg. qkotu. 
Cf. Walde 2 40 with references. Cf. 54:01. 

41:02. OMHG. chrage, MUG. krage Hals, Schlund (43: 56), MHG. 
also Gekrose (135:22), Kragen am Rocke, OSw. kraghi neck, collar, 
from MLG. krage Hals, Speiserohre, Halsbekleidung : OHG. krdgo 
Haken, MHG. krinc Kreis, Ring, ON. kringr rund, biegsam, etc. 
(Wood, IF. XVIII, 35) : Gr. fipoxos Schlinge, Strick, Lith. grqziu 
drehe. Fick I 4 , 410. 

41:03. ON. hnakki, hnakkr nape, Norw. nakke nape, occiput, 
stump, hook: nakk mountain, knoll, Sw. nacke nape, OE. hnecca, 
OFris. hnekka, MLG. necke nape, occiput, MHG. genie, genicke 
Genick: ON. hnakkr anchor, Norw. nokke small iron hook, nfikja 
bend, ME. nok nook, ON. hnekkja shame, disgrace, i.e., the state of 
being humiliated, downcast (das Niedergebeugtsein) , hnekkja turn 
about, drive back, push, yield, Sw. nicka nod, Gr. kvucfgw nod, 
slumber. Cf . Wood, IF. XVIII, 30. 

41:04. Sw. dial, nack-skarf nape, lit. patch of the nape: Sw. 
nacke nape (41: 03) -\-skarf patch. 

Summit, Top 

41:05. MHG. nulle Nacken, Hinterhaupt, Scheitel. Cf. 3:02. 



44 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Elevation, Column 

41:06. Goth., OS., OHG. hals Hals, ON. hdls neck, bow of a 
ship or boat, the front sheet of assail, the end of a rope, the tip of a 
bow, ridge, hill, OE. heals neck, prow of a ship, MHG. hals Hals, 
Koller, Gang, Offnung, Rohre, fortlaufende schmale Anhohe, schmale 
Erdzunge, Norw., Sw., Dan. hals neck, throat, ESw. hals a long 
stony mountainous promontory, strap which joins the thick part of 
the flail to its handle: Lat. collus, collum Hals, celsus projecting, 
high, OBulg. klasu, Alb. kal, Russ. kolosu, Pol. Mos Ahre, Lat. columen, 
culmen Hohepunkt, Gipfel (Zupitza 51), Goth, hallus Fels, ON. hallr 
mountain slope, rock, OE. hyll hill, Lat. collis hill. Cf. Walde 2 150 
and 176 f . with references. 

Compounds with hals (41 : 06) : 

41 :07. MHG. hals-ader Ader am Halse, Sehne des hintern Halses, 
Nacken. Cf. 151:01. 

41:08. OSw., ODan., Norw. halsbast muscles of the nape, nape, 
lit. neck bast. Cf. 149:10. 

41:09. MHG. hals-bein Halsknochen, Genick: hals neck 
(41:06)+6em bone (77:07). 

41:10. Norw. halsmot gullet, upper part of the esophagus, lit. 
neck meeting: hals neck (41: 06) -\-mot meeting. 

41:11. ON. sviri neck, part of a warship, NIcel. svtri, Sw. dial. 
svire neck, OE. sweora, swim, swura, swyra neck: sweor, swer, swyr 
column, pillar, gesweoru hills, OHG. swiron firmare, (den Besitz 
eines Grundstiicks) bestatigen, NHG. dial. (Swiss) der Schwiren, 
Schwirren Pfahl. Cf. Schade 2 917. 

Or: EFris. sw Schwung, Schwanken, Wenden, Drehen, swlren 
sich schwingend bewegen, Sw. dial, svira swing around, Lett, svyroti 
hin- und herschwanken. Wood, IE. a x , 117. 

41 : 12. OE. sweor-ban neck bone, neck: sweor (41 : 11) -{-ban bone 
(77:07). 

Auger 

41:13. Shetl. naver neck, the uppermost vertebra or the joint 
of the neck. Cf. 108:12. 

Miscellaneous 

41:14. NIcel. makki the upper part of a horse's neck. Cf. 
162:132. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 45 

41: 15. Sw. dial, dallbakke the lower and middle part of a sow's 
belly (103:18) or neckpiece of a slaughtered swine, dalbage neck 
piece of a slaughtered swine: ddl udder (101: 21) -f bakke (111:04). 

41 : 16. Dan. dial, svineho'ne the lower part of the neck toward 
the breast of a slaughtered swine. 

41:17. Dan. dial, krcebs crawfish: neck. 

42. Pit of the Neck or Nape 

42:01. NIcel. hnakka-grof hollow of the neck: ON. grof, Goth. 
groba Grube, Hohle. 

42:02. Sw. dial, nack-grdf nape, lit. pit of the nape: Sw. grdva 
dig. 

42:03. Dan. nakkegrube, Sw. nackgrop: Dan. nakke, Sw. nacke 
nape (41:03)+Dan. grube, Sw. grop pit. 

42:04. Dan. nakkehule pit of the neck: nakke nape (41:03) + 
hule hole. 

43. Throat 

Projection, Spout, Narrow Opening 

43:01. ON. prutr, prut snout, throat, OE. protu, prote throat, 
OHG. drozza, droza, MHG. drozze gurgulio, Schlund, Kehle, MHG. 
druzzel Gurgel, Schlund, Kehle, Russel, Schnauze. Cf. 23:15. 

43:02. OS. strota, MLG. strote, strotte Kehle, Gurgel, Luft- 
und Speiserohre, MHG. strozze Luftrohre, Gurgel, eig. Einengung, 
OFris. strotbolla larynx: Norw. stryta Schnauze, ON. strutr cone- 
shaped top of hat or hood, Sw. strut Diite. Cf . 23 : 16. 

Small Opening 

43:03. ON. striiipi, strupi the bleeding trunk or neck when the 
head is cut off (Zoega), Sw. strupe, Dan. strube throat: ON. stropi 
was durch eine Offnung stromt, Norw. strop enge Offnung, str0ypa 
klemmen, zusammenschnuren, stropen verstopft, gespannt, NHG. 
Bav. einstrupfen sich einschrumpfen, Swiss strupfen strumpfen, MLG. 
strumpen id. (Fick IIP, 504), Lith. striubas short (compressed). 

Compounds with strupe (43 : 03) : 

43:04. ESw. andstrupe windpipe, lit. breath throat: Sw. anda 
breath, andas breathe. 

43:05. ESw. broskstrupe windpipe, lit. cartilage throat. Cf. 
159:01. 



46 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

43:06. ESw. galen-strupe windpipe, lit. wrong throat. 

43:07. Sw. vrangstrupe windpipe, lit. wrong throat. 

43:08. Sw. dial, villstrupe throat, lit. wrong throat: Sw. villa 
illusion, vilse astray. 

43:09. ESw. magstrupe esophagus, lit. stomach throat, perhaps 
a corruption of Sw. matstrupe esophagus, lit. food throat. 

43:10. ESw. halsstrupe throat, lit. neck throat: hah neck 
(41:06). 

43:11. ESw. halsspene lump of flesh under the neck of sheep 
or swine, neck: hats neck (41:06)+spene (101:04). 

43 : 12. Dan. dial, halstarm esophagus of animals, lit. neck gut. 
Cf. 136:09. 

43:13. ON. hals-stefni throat, lit. neck stem: stefni prow, 
stem. 

43:14. ESw. galen-hals windpipe, lit. wrong throat. 

43:15. Bornh. striva, vrangstrwa throat: vrdng wrong, Dan. 
vrarnge, Sw. vrdnga twist -\- striva? Cf. 43:03. 

43 : 16. Sw. dial, striva-kula throat. 

Channel, Pipe, Tube 

43:17. MHG. vlozze Kehle: vluz Fluss, vliez Fluss, Stromung, 
MDu. vliet channel, ditch, pool, MLG. vlet jedes fliessende Gewasser, 
naturlich od. kunstlich, Strom, Fluss, Bach, Kanal, OHG. fliozan 
fliessen, etc. 

43:18. ON. velindi, NIcel. vjelindi, vmlindi, Norw. velende, Sw. 
dial, valande, vdnalde, vdnelde, vdndel gullet, esophagus (probably 
from *wihl-) : Norw. veigja Flussigkeit, Saft, ON. veig berauschendes 
Getrank, Trinkbecher, OE. wcsge, OS. wegi Becher, Skt. vici-h Welle, 
Woge. Cf. Wood, Mod. Phil XI, 337. For mg. and formation 
cf. OE. wcesend, etc., 43:20. 

43:19. OE. weo upper part of the throat (Bosworth), weohlan, 
pi. the jaws (40: 15). Cf. 43: 18. 

43:20. ODan. wissen esophagus, OE. wdsend, wcesend throat, 
gullet, ruminating stomach (131:06), OFris. wdsende, wdsande wind- 
pipe, OHG. weisant Speiserohre, Ader (not in Schade), Bav. waisel 
Speiserohre: Skt. vesati zerfliesst, Cymr. gwy Flussigkeit, Fluss, 
gwyar Blut, Lat. virus slime, juice, poison, Skt. visam Flussigkeit, 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 47 

Gift, OE. wase mud, ON. veisa swamp, pool, Norw. veisa mud, mire, 
swamp, a wet grassy strip, swampgrass, especially equisetum, veis 
a low grass overgrown strip, as a brook overgrown with grass, veis 
a sappy stem, veisa a plant with sappy stem, Sw. dial, vesen some- 
what damp, OHG. wisa Wiese, etc. Wood, Color-Names 16; IE. 
a x , 31; Fick III 4 , 413. 

43:21. MHG. swegele, swegel eine Art Flote, Rohre, Speise- 
rohre: OHG. swegala, swegula Rohr, Flote, Goth, swiglon pfeifen. 

43:22. Dan. vindpibe windpipe: vind wind+jn&e pipe. 

43:23. Sw. luftror, Dan. Iuftr0r windpipe: luft air+Sw. rbr, 
Dan. r<j)r pipe. 

43:24. OE. wind-cedran arteriae, f>rotu, guttur (Thone, WWI. 
157, 40): wind-ced(d)re artery (Sweet), wind wind-\- ced(d)re channel, 
artery. Cf. 151:03 and 151:01. 

Vent 

43:25. Far. bldstur windpipe, the air vent of the whale: blcest, 
blcesen exhalation (of whales) : ON. bldsa blow (as the wind or with 
the mouth), etc. bldstr blast, blowing, wind, swelling. 

Opening 

43:26. ON. barki, Norw. barke windpipe, throat: Lat. frumen 
(<*frungmen Walde 2 320) Kehle Schlund, Gr. <j)apay£ einge- 
schnittene Anhohe, Fels mit Kluften, ^dpuyj Schlund, <£dpco spalte, 
zerstuckele, Olr. berna Kluft, Arm. beran Mund, OfTnung. Cf. 
Walde 2 319 f. with references. 

43:27. Sw. gan gill (45:01), dial, gap, palate (44:01), ESw. 
gill, gap, mouth (26:19), snout, gullet, Dan. gane palate, roof of the 
mouth, Norw. gan gap, throat, mouth of an animal: ON. gan frenzy, 
frantic gestures, gana gape, show a fissure, rush, gaze, stare, Norw., 
Sw. dial, gana gape, turn up one's nose, Gr. x a ^ g a P e ? ctx a ^s 
wide-open, x&vhbv with wide-open mouth. Cf. Tamm 206 with 
references. 

43:28. ON., Sw. gap, Dan. gab gap: mouth, throat (26:20): 
ON., Norw., Sw. gapa, Dan. gabe, MLG. gapen, MHG. gaff en den 
Mund offen halten, stieren, gaffen. 

43:29. ON. gomr gum, palate, fingertip (63:01), NIcel. gomur 
palate, finger's point, OHG. guomo, MHG. guome Gaumen, Kehle, 



48 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Rachen, OE. goma palate, goman jaws: Gr. XVM yawn, a kind of 
mollusc with gaping shell. Cf. Persson, Wz. 117. Cf. 44:02. 

43:30. OHG. goumo, giumo, MHG. goum Gaumen, Kehle, 
Rachen: ON. gymer Schlund, Meer, Gr. x&os empty space. Wood, 
IE. a x , 105. Cf. 44:03. 

43:31. MHG. slinc, slunc Schlund: slinc-vahs mit losen, sich 
schlangelnden Haaren versehen: MHG. slingen winden, schleichen, 
Lith. slenku schleiche, slanke Bergrutsch. Compare the root *sle(n) gr- 
in OE. slincan slink, Dan. slunken schlaff, schlottering, leer, ON. 
slakke Vertiefung, Hohle, Eng. dial, slank slope, declivity, a depres- 
sion in the ground, OE. slcec slack, Engl. dial, slack a hollow, espe- 
cially in a hillside, a shallow dell, a glade, the small of the back, the 
narrowest part of an animal's ribs, Gr. \ayoov empty space, cleft, 
cove: flank, Xayapos slack, hollow, sunken. Wood, AJP. XXIV, 
42 f., 53. 

43:32. MHG. slurc Schlund: slurken schlucken, Norw., Sw. 
dial, slurk a swallow, slurka swallow, Gr. \apvyt; Kehle, Schlund. 
Fick I 4 , 577. 

43:33. Norw. spro throat, gullet: Sw. dial, spra, spras spries- 
sen, sich offnen, bersten, Norw. spra, spree spritzen, sprengen, Dan. 
dial, spraae sich offnen (von Knospen), bersten (von Eiern die ausge- 
briitet werden) . 

Swallower, Devourer 

43:34. OE. ceole, ceolor, OHG. chela, chelur, MHG. kel(e), 
MLG. kele throat: Olr. gelim verschlinge, Lat. gula Schlund, Spei- 
serohre, Skt. gala, galaka- Hals, girdti, gildti verschlingt, Arm. 
klanem verschlinge. F-T 522 connect with ON. kjglr keel: mountain 
ridge, ON. kilir the mountain ridge Kj0len, OE. cele keel. Cf. ESw. 
(hand-)kdl back surface of the hand, 59:02. 

43 : 35. Dan. kulk, dial, kv oik, qvflk Speiserohre, Rachen, Schluck, 
ODan. kylke throttle: Dan. kulke mit glucksendem Gerausch 
trinken, Sw. kolka gierig trinken, Sw. dial, kolk, kulk Schluck, OE. 
cole, OFris. kolk, MLG. kolk, kulk wassergefiilltes Loch, Wasser- 
schlucht, NHG. Kolk Strudel, Abgrund, Loch, dial, kolken, kolksen 
aufstossen, speien. 

43:36. ODan. kvulp gullet, a by-form of the above. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN , 49 

43:37. Sw. dial, slduk gap, throat, sldks large mouth, gap 
(26:30), Sw., Norw. sluka, Dan. sluge verschlingen, schlucken, MHG. 
sluch Haut, Schlauch, Rohre, Schlund, Kehle, Gurgel, Abgrund: 
sluchen schlingen, schlucken: Ir. ro slogeth absorpta est, sluccim 
verschlucke. Cf. Fick III 4 , 540. 

43:38. ON. kverk the angle between the chin and the neck or 
the soft part of the neck between the two halves of the lower jaw, pi. 
throat, NIcel. kverk the angle below the chin, pi. throat, Norw. kverk, 
Sw. dial, kvdrk throat, OHG. querca, querechela gurgula, OFris. querka, 
throttle: ON. kyrkja seize by the throat, Lat. gurges whirlpool, 
OPruss. gurkle throat, Lith. gerkle throat, gurklys crop, OBulg. grulo 
Hals, Lat. vordre devour, Gr. /3t/3pcbo-/cco eat, (3opa food, Lith. geriu, 
gerti drink, OBulg. zira, zreti devour. Cf. 89:07 and 127:04. 

Whirl, Vortex 

43 : 39. MLG. swalch, swelch Schlund, Schwelgerei, MHG. swalch, 
swelc Schlund, Flut, OSw. swalgh, Norw. swelg, Dan. svcelg, Sw. svalg 
gullet, throat, ON. svelgr Stromwirbel, Schlucker, svelga, OE. 
swelgen, OHG. swelgan, swelcan, swelhan, MHG. swelgen swallow, 
devour: MHG. wider swal, -swalm Gegenstromung, Strudel, Sw. 
svall id., svallande billowing, Lett, swalstlt hin- und herbewegen. 
Cf. Fick III 4 , 552. 

Belcher, Squawker 

43:40. MHG. ite-roche Schlund: iterilcken wiederkauen, OE. 
roc(c)ettan belch, ed-roc rumination, MHG. rilcheln wiehern, briillen, 
rocheln, Lith. raugnu, rdugeti, raugiu, raugti Aufstossen haben, 
OBulg. rygati se id., Gr. epevyojiai erbreche mich, Lat. erilgere, ructdre 
riilpsen. Walde 2 259 with references. 

43:41. OE. hrace, hraca throat, OHG. (h)racho Rachen, sub- 
linguium (48:04), Kehle, NHG. Rachen: ON. hrdki spittle, OE. 
hrceca clearing the throat, spittle, hrwcan clear the throat, spit, Gr. 
/cpafco scream, cry, Kpayov crying aloud, /cpobfco grunt, Skt. kharjati 
knarrt, Lith. kregeti grunzen, krogiu rochele, grunze, etc. Schade 2 
699; Zupitza 124; Wood, Color-Names, 115; Weigand 5 II, 514. 

43:42. Sw. dial, halsrakka throat: hals neck (41: 06) -\-rakka 
throat (43:41). 



50 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

43 : 43. Dan. dial, skraddel the windpipe of the goose, which may 
be bent in a circle so that the ends fit into each other: skralde an 
instrument to make noise with, the windpipe of the goose. 

43:44. Dan. dial, skrcene the windpipe of the goose: skrcene 
squawk, Sw. skrdna yell, bray, clamor, skria bray, bell, bleat, Ger. 
schreien cry, etc. 

43:45. Sw. dial., Dan. dial, ralle windpipe: Sw. dial, raller 
gossip, ralla slander, jest, banter, Dan. dial, ralde, ralle prate, talk idly. 

43:46. Bornh. kvaddra, halskvaddra throat: hals neck, throat 
(41: 06) +kvaddra (probably an onomatopoeia. Espersen). 

43:47. Norw. skrova, skrove esophagus (Ross): skrava cry (as a 
crow, etc.), ON., NIcel. skrafa chat, prate, talk, ON. skrdfa, Norw. 
skraava creak, make a grating sound, Sw. dial, skravla knarren, Dan. 
skravle schwatzen, Norw. skravla stadig hoste og harke: Lith. 
skreplenti Schleim aufhusten u. auswerfen, skrepti leise reden. Wood, 
Color-Names, 115. 

Swelling, Lump, Bunch 

43:48. Bornh. svallene throat : svalla swell. Perhaps influenced 
by Dan. svcelg, Sw. svalg gullet : Dan. svcelge, Sw. svalja swallow ? 

43 : 49. MHG. goder Gurgel, Schlund : NHG. Tyrol goder id., die 
fleischige Haut unter dem Kinne, Bav., Aust. id., Carinth. goudr 
Fettkinn, Geschwulst. 

43:50. ON. kok (Vigfusson) gullet, especially of birds, NIcel. 
kok gullet: ON. koka swallow, Lith. guiys Kropf, Polish guz Beule, 
Knorren. Zupitza 148 with references. Cf. OE. ceace jaw, cheek, 
35:07. 

43:51. ON. kok (Fritzner) gullet, mouth (26:13), Norw. kok 
throat: kok lump (of earth, etc.), Sw. koka id., OHG. kuocho Kuchen, 
MLG. koke id., NE. cake, ON. koka cake, etc. Cf. 40:02. 

43:52. OE. hyge Kehle (Thone 71: W.W. 264, 16, 405, 10): 
Du. huig Zapfchen im Halse, NHG. dial, hauch, huch, heuch Zapfchen, 
MLG. huk das Zapfchen im Halse, bes. in geschwollenem Zustande, 
NLG. huk, huch, NE. dial, hock Zapfchen (Thone 71) : Lith. kailkas 
Beule, kaukard Hugel, Russ. kuca Haufe, MHG. hoger Hocker, 
Buckel, houc Hugel, Goth, huhjan aufhaufen, hiuhma Haufen, hauhs 
hoch, etc. Cf . Franck, Et. Wb? 266. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 51 

43:53. ON. ost, ostr throat: Dan. dial, ast, ost hindpart: OE. 
ost knot (in tree), knob, MLG. ost Knorren, Knoten, Goth, asts 
Ast, Ir. att (*ozdo~) Geschwulst, Gr. ofos Ast, Knorren (W.). 

43:54. ON. hostr throat. Probably same word as preceding 
with initial h from hosta cough. 

43:55. OHG. gurgula, MHG. gurgule Gurgel. From Lat. 
gurgulio Luftrohre. 

Curve 

43:56. OMHG. chrage, MHG. krage, Hals, Schlund, Kragen 
am Rocke, Gekrose (135:22). Cf. 41:02. 

Miscellaneous 

43:57. Sw. dial, mor-losa esophagus of cattle. Probably from 
ON. mgrr suet, fat, tallow (154 : 02), so that mor-losa would mean that 
which is free from fat (Rz. 445). 

43:58. OE. woddor throat. Cf. 26:32. 

^ 44. Palate 

Opening 

44:01. Sw. gan gill (45:01), dial, gap, palate, Dan. gane palate, 
roof of the mouth, etc., cf. 43:27. 

44:02. ON. gomr gum, palate, fingertip (63:01), NIcel. gomur 
palate, finger's point, OSw. gome, Sw. gom palate, ESw. gom(m)e 
palate, root of the tongue (29:01), MHG. guome Gaumen, Kehle, 
Rachen, OE. goma palate, goman jaws: Gr. XWV yawn, a kind of 
mollusc with a gaping shell. Cf. Persson, Wz. 117. Cf. 43:29. 

44:03. OHG. goumo, giumo, MHG. goum Gaumen, Kehle, 
Rachen: ON. gymer Schlund, Meer, Gr. %aos empty space. Wood, 
IE. a x , 105. Cf. 43:30. 

Roof of the Mouth 

44:04. OE. mup-hrof, mupes hrof palatum, roof of the mouth: 
mup mouth (26: 01) -{-hrof roof. 

at-* r* • 45. Gill 

Slit, Openmg 

45:01. Sw. gan gill, dial, gap, palate (44:01), etc., cf. 43:25. 

45:02. OSw. gel, Sw. gal, Dan. gjcelle, ME. gile gill: ON., 

Norw. gil cleft, rent in the mountains, ON. geil narrow path 



52 PARTS OP THE BODY IN 

(cf. Tamm 260), ESw. gele a piece of clothing torn by a branch 
or the like. 

45:03. ON. gjglnar the gills of fish (Vigfusson). Cf. 162:44. 

45 : 04. ON. tdlkn, Norw. tolkn, tokn, taakn gill, tokner gills, the 
farther part of the mouth of man or beast (26:31): tokna pant, 
sob, yawn, talk continuously and indistinctly, search for words, 
talkna, taakna id., Skt. dalita-h gespalten, ddlati springt auf, Lith. 
dalyti teilen, etc. 

45 : 05. OLG. keho Kiefer, the gills of fish. Cf . 45 : 06. 

45:06. OLG. Hat kiof Kiefer, gill: MDu. cawe, MLG. kiwe 
id.?: OLG. kiuuan kauen, chew. 

45 : 07. NIcel. kverk-sigi gill-lid : kverk the angle below the chin, 
pi. throat (43:38)+s^': ON. segi, sigi slice, strip, shred (145:36). 

45:08. Norw. ugga gills: ugge fin: ugg thorn, prick. Cf. 73:07. 

46. Larynx 
Round Object, Bowl 

46:01. OHG. chuph, MHG. kopf Trinkgefass, Becher: Hirn- 
schale, Kopf, Kehlkopf . Cf . 1 : 18. 

46:02. OFris. (strot)bolla Kehlkopf, Gurgel: OE. holla bowl, 
ON. bolli Schale. For strot cf . 43 : 02. 

Head of the Throat 

46:03. Sw. struphuvud, Dan. strubehoved larynx: Sw. strupe, 
Dan. strube throat (43:03)+Sw. huvud, Dan. hoved head (1:27). 

47. Glottis 

47:01. NIcel. hljod-rifa glottis: hliod sound, voice -\-rifa rift, 
rent, fissure. 

48. Epiglottis 
Cover 

48:01. NIcel. barka-lok epiglottis: barki windpipe (43:24) + 
lok lid, cover. 

48:02. Sw. struplock, Dan. strubelaag epiglottis: Sw. strupe, 
Dan. strube throat (43:03)+Sw. lock, Dan. laag lid, cover. 

48:03. MHG. uberval tiber den Mantel fallender Kragen: 
Kehldeckel: uber over +val fall. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 53 

Belcher 

48:04. OHG. radio Rachen, Kehle, sublinguium. Cf. 43:41. 

49. Adam's Apple 
Bunch, Ball, Lump 

49:01. Far. barkaknolli Adam's apple: Norw. barke windpipe, 
throat (43: 26) +knoll knoll. 

49:02. Far. barkaknottur Adam's apple: Norw. barke windpipe, 
throat (43:26)+ON. kngttr ball. 

49:03. ON. barkakyli, Norw. barkakyle Adam's apple: ON. 
barki, Norw. barke windpipe (43:26)+ON. kyli, Norw. kyla swelling. 

49 : 04. Sw. dial, strupkul Adam's apple : strupe throat (43 : 03) + 
kul swelling, hump. 

49 : 05. Sw. dial, strupaknut Adam's apple : strupe throat (43 : 03) 
-\-knut knot. 

49 : 06. Sw. dial, strupaknfl Adam's apple : strupe throat (43 : 03) 
-\-kn<j>\ lump, hump. 

49:07. Dan. dial, hjflk Adam's apple. Cf. 127:01, 40:05, and 
39:01. 

50. Arm 
Joint, Something Joined 

50:01. Goth, arms, ON. armr, OE. earm, OFris. erm, OS. arm, 
OHG. aram arm: Skt. irmd-h Vorderbug, Arm, Av. arema- arm, 
Lat. armus Schulterblatt, Vorderbug, OBulg. rame Schulter, Arm, 
OPruss. irmo Arm, Oberarm: Lat. artus, Gr. apBpov joint, limb, 
apapiaKco join, fit together. Cf. Walde 2 62 with references. 

Tube, Pipe 

50:02. Norw. buna bone, limbs: arms or legs: ON. buna jet, 
shoot, vb. gush, well. Cf. 160:07. 

Miscellaneous 

50:03. ON. armleggr arm: arm arm (50: 01) -\-leggr leg (77:05). 

50:04. ON. handleggr arm: hgnd h&nd+leggr leg (77:05). 

50:05. ON. handarjadarr edge of the hand, arm: hgnd hand, 
arm (50 : 06) -\-jadarr edge, border, selvage. 

50:06. ON. hgnd hand, arm. Cf. 56:01. 



54 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Wing-Support 

50:07. Sw. dial, vingakrank, -krdnk shoulder (97:17), arm: Sw. 
vinge wing (72:04)+Sw. dial, krdnk, krdnk stand, stillion: Norw. 
krekkja, krakk stand. 

Bend 

50:08. OE. bog, boh arm, shoulder. Cf. 97:04. 

50:09. ON. gin forearm, cubit, ell: Lat. ulna Ellenbogen- 
knochen, der ganze Arm, Gr. tikevq Ellenbogen, Arm, oln Rticken- 
wirbel, Ruckgrat, Schulter, Skt. ardla-h gebogen, gebogener Arm, 
aratni-h Ellbogen, drtnl Bogenende (Walde 2 848 with references). 
Cf. 54:02. 

51. Arm Bone 
Arm Shank 

51:01. Norw. armlegg arm bone: arm arm (50:01) +legg leg, 
shin (77:05). 

51:02. OE. earm-scanca arm bone: earm arm (50 : 01) -\-scanca 
shank (77:02). 

Arm Pipe 

51 : 03. Sw. armpipa, Dan. armpibe arm bone : arm arm (50 : 01) + 
Sw. pipa, Dan. pibe pipe. 

51:04. MHG. bressel (< French brachelle) arm bone. 

52. Armpit 
Pit, Hole 

52:01. Sw. armgrop armpit: arm arm (50 :01)-\-gr op pit. 

52:02. Norw. armhola, Sw. armhal(a) armpit: arm arm (50:01) 
+Norw. India hollow, cavity, Sw. hal hole, hala cave. 

52:03. Dan. akselhule armpit: aksel shoulder (97 : 01) -\-hule 
hollow, cavity, cave. 

Nook 

52:04. ON., NIcel. handarkriki armpit: ON. hgnd, NIcel. 
hond hand, arm and hand, armpit (56 : 01) +kriki nook. 

Hook or Fold 

52:05. Sw. dial, armkrok armpit: arm arm (50 : 01) -\-krok 
hook. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 55 

52 : 06. Sw. armveck armpit : arm arm (50 : 01) +veck fold. 
52:07. Sw. dial, armvik armpit: arm arm (50:01)4-w'fc inlet, 
bag: vika fold, yield. 

Elbow Bend 

52:08. ON. glnboga-bot, NIcel. olboga-bot hollow of the arm: 
ON. glnbogi, NIcel. olbogi elbow (54:02)+ON.-6o£ bend. 

Knot, Hump 

52:09. Shetl. bulk bump, knot, small hump, breast, bosom 
(99:09), armpit: ON. bulki bump, knot. 

Pertaining to the Shoulder 

52:10. OE. oxta, ocusta armpit: eaxl shoulder. Cf. 97:01 and 
43:53. 

52:11. OE. oxn armpit, OHG. uohsana, MHG. uohse, ilehse 
Achselhohle. Cf . 97 : 01 and 43 : 53. 

Shoulder Eye 

52:12. Sw. dial, hdl-oga armpit: hal, Sw. hard shoulder (97:08) 
+6gaeye (10:06). 

53. Biceps 
Swelling 

53:01. Norw. kalve calf of the leg, biceps, muscle of the thumb 
(149:05). Cf. 79:06. 

Soft Substance 

53:02. OLG. quic-brado die Muskel des Oberarms, das be- 
wegliche Fleisch, muscular part of the arm. Cf. 79:14 and 149:06. 

54. Elbow 
Bend 

54:01. Norw. ang-boge elbow: Goth. (hals)-agga (Hals-) 
biegung (41:01), ON. angi Spitze, Zacken, OE. anga Spitze, Stachel, 
OHG. ango, MHG. ange Haken, Angel, Gr. ayndov Biegung, Ellbogen, 
Skt. ankd-h Haken, Biegung zwischen Brust und Hufte, dncati, 
dcati biegt, Lat. uncus bent, hook, etc., (cf. Walde 2 40 with references) 
+Norw. boge, Sw. bage, ON. bogi, OE. boga, OHG. bogo bow, curva- 
ture. 



56 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

54:02. ON. gl-bogi, glnbogi, almbogi, OE. eln(i)boga, OHG. 
elinbogo, MHG. ellen-, elen-boge, Dan. albue elbow: ON. 
gin, OE. eln, OHG. elina ell, Gr. cbXeV?7 Ellbogen, Lat. ulna Ellen- 
bogenknochen, der ganze Arm. Cf . 50 : 09. For bogi, etc., cf . 54 : 01. 

54:03. OSw. albogha kroker, albugha krogh elbow: albogha, 
albugha elbow (54 : 02) + kroker, krogh crook. 

54:04. Norw. handboge elbow: hand hand (56:01)+&ogre bow, 
arc. 

54 : 05. Sw. armbage elbow, lit. arm bow, probably a neologism for 
*albage. 

54:06. ESw. armbagsknol elbow: armbage elbow (54:05) + 
knbl lump, knot. 

54:07. Dan. dial, grikke an angle or a curve in the joints; 
elbow, wrist (55:01), knee. Cf. 80:03. 

? 

54 : 08. OE. hapo-lipa elbow. 

55. Wrist 
Curve 

55:01. Dan. dial, grikke an angle or a curve in the joints: 
wrist, elbow (54:07). Cf. 80:03. 

Turn, Twist 

55:02. ON. hreifi wrist, the hand and fingers (56:12), seal's fin 
(73:09), flipper, NIcel. hreifi seal's fin, flipper, Lith. kreipti drehen, 
krypti sich drehen. Zupitza Gutt. 125. Cf. 85:01. 

55:03. OE. wrist, wyrst, hand-wrist, OFris. hand-riust wrist, 
MLG. wrist, MHG. rist, riste Hand- oder Fussgelenk (87:01): 
OE. wrcestan twist. For hand cf. 56:01. 

Hand-Joint 

55:04. Norw. handskumingslid wrist: handskuming the nar- 
rowest part of the lower part of the arm (mg. of skuming in this 
compound uncertain; Aasen 692)+fo'd joint (75:02). 

55:05. Sw. handled, Dan. haandled, Norw. handlied, MHG. 
hand-lid wrist : hand (56 : 01) -\-led, lid joint (75 : 02) . 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 57 

Arm-Joint 

55:06. ON. ulf-lidr wrist. Probably a corruption of uln- 
or glnlidr, commonly pronounced unl-lidr: ON. gin forearm -\-lidr 
joint, member. 

Small Joint 

55:07. Norw. vesallelid wrist: vesall small, tiny, thin, ON. 
vesall miserable, unfortunate, MHG. wesel schwach, matt, abge- 
storben+Norw. lid joint. 

? 

55:08. Sw. handlove wrist: hand hand (56:01)-f-Z(we palm of 
the hand (57:08). 

56. Hand, Fist 
Grasp, Grip, Clutch 

56:01. Goth, handus hand, ON. hgnd hand, arm (50:06), OS. 
hand, OFris. hand, hond, OE. hond, OHG. hant, etc., hand: Goth. 
fra-hinpan gefangen nehmen, OSw. hinna erlangen, hanna behandeln, 
Sw. hinna, hann erreichen, ON. henda ergreifen, fangen, OE. gehenden 
hold, ME. henden captare. Compare for mg. Gr. x^P hand, Skt. 
harah Nehmen, Griff: Skt. (Ved.) hdrati nimmt; OBulg. rqka Hand: 
rqka sammele. Cf. Uhlenbeck, EL Wb. 2 73; Fick III 4 , 70 f. 

56:02. Sw. dial, grabb (rough) hand: grabba grab, MLG. 
grabben schnell fassen, raffen, NE. grab, etc. 

56:03. ON. greip space between thumb and other fingers, Sw. 
dial, grip space between fingers, hand, hollow of the hand (58:03), 
Norw. greip grip, space between fingers, palm of the hand (57:14), 
OE. grap fist, hand, claw (71:07), grip: Goth, greipan greifen, etc. 

56:04. OE. fyst, OHG. fust, MHG., MLG. vust fist: OBulg. 
p$sti, Lith. kum(p)ste (*punkstie) Faust, IE. *pnkstis: Goth, fahan 
fangen, etc. Cf. 62:01. 

56:05. Esw. krasa = Sw. grabbnave grabbing hand or fist: krasa 
card, grab, gather, Norw. krasa crush, cluster, form in clusters, krase 
cluster, bunch, a scraggly tree or branch with crooked twigs, etc., 
Pol. grozno Traube, Russ. grozdu Biischel, Traube, Weintraube, 
OBulg. grozdu, groznu id., root ger- in Gr. ayelpco gather, etc., (Wood, 
Zfvgl. Sprf. XLV, 63). Here also OBulg. grusti, Russ. gorsf handfull, 



58 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

hollow hand (Brugmann, Grdr. I 2 , 453, 572), Gr. ayoaros hand 
(*ayo P (TT6s, Solmsen, Beitr. z. gr. Wtf. I, 1 ff., 17). Cf. Walde 2 353. 

56 : 06. Shetl. krwnmek hand with the fingers bent, ON. krumma 
id., Norw. krummar the four bent fingers: OHG. krimman quetschen, 
qualen, MHG. krimmen die Klauen zum Fange kriimmen, mit ge- 
krummten Klauen od. Fingern packen, kratzen, kneipen, reissen, 
krammen mit den Klauen packen od. verwunden, Dan. kramme 
driicken, befuhlen, Sw. krama driicken, pressen, ON. kremia id., 
OSw. krama mit der Hand driicken, Lat. gremium Schoss, Armvoll, 
Bundel, Gr. ayelpco gather. Liden, Stud, zur ai. und vgl. Sprachgesch. 
15 f., Walde 2 353. 

56:07. ON. kreppingr convulsions, the closed hand, ON. 
kreppa press, squeeze, shrink, press into a knot, seize, krappr eng, 
krumm, OHG. chrampf gekrummt, MHG. krimpf krumm, sb. 
Krampf, OE. crump crooked, OSw. krympa krimpen, etc. 

56:08. MHG. vinger Finger, Hand, Kralle (71:08), Fingerring. 
Cf. 62:01. 

56:09. ON. mund Hand, bes. als Mass, OE. mund Hand, 
Schutz, Vormundschaft, Vormund, NE. mound Wall, Hugel, eigentl. 
Schutz, OS. mund Hand: mund- Schutz, mundon helfen, OFris. 
mund , mond Schutz, Bevormundung, OHG., MHG. munt Hand, 
Schutz: Lat. manus Hand. For a discussion of the mg. cf. Walde 2 
463. 

Point, Projection 

56:10. ESw. nadd hand, finger (62:03), forepaw of a seal 
(83:23), Sw. dial, naddan the fingers, ON. naddr, NIcel. naddur stud, 
nail, Norw. nadd a small point or wedge, a small fish, Germ. *nazd-: 
perh. Lat. nodus (^nozdos) knot, knob. 

Bend 

56:11. ESw. get-nave hand, lit. goat fist, pop. etym. *gaitn- 
ndve *gaikn-nava *goykn-nava *goukn-nava *goupn-ndva = $w. gopen, 
ESw. gom-nave hand, lit. hiding fist, pop. etym, *gompn-nave? 
gop(en)-nave = Sw. gopen. Cf. 58:01. 

56 : 12. ON. hreifi wrist, the hand and fingers, seal's fin (73 : 09), 
flipper, NIcel. hreifi seal's fin, flipper. Cf. 55:02 and 85:01. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 59 

Scrabbler 

56:13. Sw. dial, bdklar hands and feet (83:21) that cannot be 
moved. Cf. 77:13. 

Miscellaneous 

56 : 14. Sw. slang kappsdck hand, lit. valise. 

56:15. Sw. slang karda hand, lit. card (instrument for carding). 

56:16. Sw. slang klapptrdn hands, lit. batlets. 

56: 17. Sw. dial, klautar large awkward hands. 

56 : 18. Sw. slang klometrar hands, paws. 

56 : 19. Shetl. benidju, benigju fist. 

Bunch, Knob, Lump 

56:20. ON. hnefi, Sw. nave, Dan. naive fist: Lith. knebiu 
kneife, knebenu klaube, knabu schale ab, Gr. Kvac^evs carder, kpclttto) 
scratch, scrape, ON. hneppa zusammenkneifen, einengen, hneppe 
Bundel, hneppr knapp, OSw. napper id. Wood, Color-Names, 107; 
IF. XVIII, 30; Falk og Torp II, 24. 

56:21. Sw. dial, grip-nave the full hand, what the closed hand 
can contain. Cf. 56:03. 

56:22. ON. knefi Faust: knefan Zwang, Norw. knevla knuge, 
trykke til jorden, knaava knubbe, puffe el. stange saa smaat, mest for 
sp0g, MHG. knebel Knebel, Knochel, ON. knappr Knoff, Knauf, 
Haufe, etc. (Wood, IF. XVIII, 31; IE. a x , 95): Pol. gnabic drucken, 
Gr. yvajjLTTQ) crook, bend (Prellwitz, Et. Wb. 2 97). 

56:23. MHG. knubel Knochel am Finger, im PL auch fur die 
Finger, Faust: ON. kneyfa, Sw. dial, knova press together, ME. 
knobbe knob, MHG. knopf, knilpfen kniipfel, knouf Knauf, Knopf, 
knoufen nodare, MDu. cnoop knot. Cf. 69:06. 

56 : 24. NIcel. loppa paw, hand, ON. loppa stor og kluntet haand 
(*lumpori), ON., NIcel. loppinn with hands benumbed with cold, 
Norw. loppen forfrossen, stiv i fingrene af kulde, Wfal. lumpen plump, 
gross, matt, steif von Kalte, EEris. lump lumpig, plump, dick, 
klotzig, grob, lumpie) Lumpe, Du. lomp Lappen, Lumpen, Klumpen, 
NE. lump, Norw. lopputt uj seven, klumpet, lepputt id. Wood, 
JEGPh. XIII, 505. Cf. 83:12. 

56 : 25. ON. lamr paw (83 : 14) , hand. 



60 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

56:26. Icel. lumma large hand (Aaasen 458) : EFris. lummel ein 
dickes ungeschlachtes schweres Etwas oder ein dicker ungeschlachter 
grober Mensch, NHG. Lummel, NE. lummox Lummel, dial, lammock 
a large quantity, lommock a large lump, a thick piece of food, a clumsy, 
unwieldy, awkward person, Norw. lumren klumpet, levret, lumra seg 
klumpe sig., levre sig., lums en stor tung og klodset figur, etc. (W.). 

56:27. Norw. lamse hand, fist: lamsen clumsy, awkward, lums 
en stor tung og klodset figur, lumsig kjo'dfuld og tungfserdig. Cf. 
56:26. 

Flat Surface 

56:28. Sw. labb hand, Norw. labb, Dan. lab paw: OHG. lappo 
Ruderblatt. Compare for mg. Lat. palma flache Hand, Ruderblatt. 
56 : 29. OE. hand-bred palm of the hand, hand. Cf . 57 : 02. 

57. Palm 
Flat Surface 

57:01. OHG. breta (*brido) flache Hand: OHG. bret planca, 
Brett (Wood), breit, preit breit. Fick III 4 , 277. 

57:02. OE. hand-bred palm of the hand, hand: hand (56:01) + 
bred board, surface, tablet. Cf. 57:01. 

57:03. OE. brad-hand palm, open hand: brad broad, wide, 
spacious +/icmo 7 hand (56:01). 

57:04. OE., OS.folm, OHG. folma flache Hand: Lat. palma id., 
Olr. lam, OCornish lof, Cymr. Haw Hand, Gr. 7ra\a/x?7 flache Hand: 
IE. *pela-: Lat. planus platt, eben, flach, etc. Cf. Walde 2 589. 

57 : 05. Sw. flata flat surface, palm of the hand : flatan av handen, 
Dan. haandflade palm of the hand, OHG. flazza palm of the 
hand: ON. flair, Sw. flat, Dan. flad, OHG. flaz flat, OS. fletti, OE. flet 
floor, from IE. root *peld- of the above. 

57:06. Norw. lorn paw, foot, especially bear paw (33:09), hand- 
lom palm of the hand: OE. geloma tool, utensil, NE. loom a machine 
for weaving, shaft of an oar, ON. lamar f. pi. Turangel, Norw. 
Tureisen, Haspe mit einer Platte, Lat. lammina a plate, leaf, layer. 
Wood, MLN. XXIX, 71. 

57:07. OHG. laffa palmula, MHG. laffe flache Hand. Cf. 
57:08. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 61 

57:08. Goth, lofa, ON. lofi, Dan., Sw. love palm of the hand: 
ME. love, Scotch loof id. : Russ. Idpa Pfote, Tatze, verachtl. Hand, 
Lith lopa Klaue des Hundes, Baren. Cf. Berneker, Et. Wb. 690. 

Rim, Edge 

57:09. Norw. jark rim of the ball of the foot, part of the ball 
of the foot near the toes, rim of the palm of the hand, especially the 
muscle near the root of the thumb (149 : 11), round edge or tip. Cf. 
89:05. 

57: 10. Norw. jarpehold rim of the palm of the hand, especially 
the muscle near the root of the thumb. 

Hollow 

57:11. OHG. tenar, tenra, MHG. tener, tenre flache Hand: Gr. 
devap the palm or the hollow of the hand, the sole of the foot, the 
hollow on the plane or the altar, the depths of the sea : OE. denn den, 
denu valley, OHG. tenni Tenne, pavimentum, MLG. denne 
Vertiefung, Hohlung, bes. von der Lagerstatte. Fick III 4 , 199. 

Ball of the Hand 

57:12. Dan. dial, hdndens balde the inside of the hand: hand 
hand (56:01)+Mde ball: fodbalde ball of the foot (89:13). 

Inner Hand 

57 : 13. MHG. inhant innere Hand, flache Hand. 

Seize, Grasp 

57 : 14. Norw. greip grasp of the hand, space between the fingers, 
palm of the hand. Cf. 56:03. 

57:15. ON. hrammr bear's paw, the palm of the hand. Cf. 
83:20. 

58. Hollow of the Hand 
Curve, Hollow 

58:01. ON., Norw. gaupn, Sw. gopen, Dan. dial. g0ve, gj0vn, 
OHG. goufana, coufana, MHG. goufen, goufe the hollow of the hand: 
E. dial, gowpen, gauping the hollow of both hands placed together: 
Norw. gaupla, gopla Glockenblume, OE. geap curved, crooked, steep, 
spacious, Lett, gubt sich kriimmen, beugen, guba Heuhaufen, ChSl. 



62 PARTS OF THK BODY IN 

(jubc.:) Biogung, Slov. <////w I'alte, etc. Cf. Bernekor, #1F. 300 with 
references. 

Hollow, Inclosure 

58:02. ON. luka, Nloel /"/or the hollow of the hand, handful, 
Nbrw. luka trapdoor, hole, the hollow of the hand, MLG. hike 
OiYiuing in dew Bodeu nnd Wanden dor Hauser n. Schiffo, die mil 
einer Falltiire geschlossen wird, EFris. luk{c) Falltiire, Deckel, Laden, 
Ourchlass, Offnung, gefertigtes Loch im Boden od. in einer Mauer, 
OHO. loh Verschluss, verborgener Anient halt sort, Hohle, Loch, 
Offnung, OK. loca inclosure, ON. luka shut, Goth, (jalukan ein- 
schliessen, etc. Cf. Koohnan, Fries. Wb. 11,541. 

58:IK>. Sw. dial, grip space between the fingers, hand, hollow of 
the hand. Cf. 50:03. 

59. Back OF THE Hand 
Hand-Back 

59:01. ESw. handrugg back surface of the hand, lit. hand-back: 
hand hand (56: 01) +rugg back (111:05). 

Hand-Ridge 

59:02. ESw. (hand)kal back surface of the hand: Sw. fcdl, ON. 
kjolr keel, mountain ridge, Norw. kjivl Grundstiick in Ptlug. Cf. 
43:34, 

00. Right Hand 
Right Hand 

60:01. Norw. rctta right side, right hand, rettchandi right hand, 
Sw. dial, rattan id., OE. riht-hand id.: Norw. nit, Sw. rdtt, OE. 
riht right, straight -{-hand hand (50:01). 

Stronger 

60:02. OE., OS. swlJra rechte Hand, compar. of sufidi stark, 
Goth, swings id. 

Fit, Suitable 

00:03. Goth, taihswa, OS. tesewa, OHO. zesewa, MUG. zesewe, 
zeswe rechte Hand: Cloth, taihswa, OHO. zeso rechts: Lat. dexter, 
Or. 5c£t6s right, lr. dess rechts. si'uilich. Lit h. destine" die rechte Hand, 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 63 

Skt. ddksina-h dexter, siidlich, ttichtig, geschickt, ddk$ali ist 
tiichtig, macht es eincm recht, dak§a-h tiichtig, geschickt, Lat. 
decere sich ziemen, zieren, gut passcn, decus Zierde. Cf. Walde 2 231 
and 223. 

Capable Hand 

60:04. Sw. vacker hand the right hand: vacker pretty, good, Sw. 
dial, vakkra hanna, hdnna right hand: vakker good, capable, ON. vakr 
rege, wach, MLG. wacker wachsam, munter, wacker, gewandt, hurtig, 
NHG. wacker, etc. For hand cf. 56:01. 

Accurate, Adroit 

60: 05. Sw. dial, granna hdnnen, granne naven: Sw. grann decked 
out, pretty, dial, granner fine, slender, weakly: Sw. noggrann punc- 
tilious, exact, accurate. For hdnn hand cf. 56:01; for nave fist cf. 
56:20. 

Fair Hand 

60:06. Norw. fagerhand, fagrehandi the right hand: fager fair, 
pretty, ON. fagr, fogr id. -{-hand hand (56 : 01) . 

60:07. ESw. lillog-handta the right hand: lillog little, good + 
handta the hand (56:01). 

Soup Hand 

60:08. Sw. dial. (Gothl.) suphandi right hand, lit. soup hand. 

61. Left Hand 
Bend, Turn 

61:01. Goth, hleidumei left hand: hleiduma left: ON. Mid 
slope, Gr. kXZtus, kXLtos slope, hill, Lith. szlaitas slope, OE. hlinian 
lean, Lat. dinar e bend, incline, etc., root fdei- clinarc, whence also 
Olr. cle, Cymr. cledd, Corn, gledh left. Cf. Fick IP, 101; Walde 2 
170. Cf. 118:03. 

61:02. Bornh. linka, OHG. lenka laeva, die Linke: OHG. 
lenkan, lenchan, MHG. lenken biegen, wenden, falten, richten. 

61 :03. Norw. ranghand, rangehandi the left hand: rang twisted, 
wrong side out, ON. rangr wrong, unjust, OE. wrang wrong, OS. 
wringan drehen, Sw. vrdnga verdrehen, etc. For hand cf. 56:01. 



64 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Crooked, Awkward 

61:04. Norw. kjeve, keiva, Sw. dial, keva, kdva the left hand: 
Norw. keiv crooked, twisted, keiva twist, be left-handed, bungle, ESw. 
kevla wiggle, totter. 

61:05. Dan. kejte, keitehaand the left hand, Bornh. kjeita, Sw. 
dial, keit, Dan. dial, kei id.: ON. keikr, Norw. keik hintemiberge- 
beugt, Norw. keika verdrehen, schief gehen (F-T 506). 

61:06. Dan. dial, kavhand the left hand: Sw. kava shove one's 
self forward as children before they know how to walk. 

61 : 07. ESw. norrnave left hand; norrnave wrong hand, the right 
hand instead of the left and vice versa. Cf . 119 : 05. 

61 : 08. ESw. vdnsterkrdckla the left hand : vdnster left (61 : 13) + 
krdckla a frame for hemp on the distaff, krdcklog poorly, sickly, 
Norw. kreklen miserable. 

61:09. MHG. tenke linke Hand: tene, tenk links. Probably of 
Romance origin: Ital. mano stanca matte, schwache linke Hand. 
Compare for mg. OE. left weak: NE. left hand linke Hand. 

Scythe-Hand 

61:10. Norw. orvhand, aarhand, aarekjeiva: ON. grvendr, 
orfhendr left-handed: orf scythe handle, Norw., Sw. orv. id., OHG. 
worf id. For hand cf. 56:01; for kjeiva cf. 61:04. 

Light, Doing Little Work, Weak, Indolent 

61:11. Sw. dial. Idtta, lattu, Icejtta the left hand: Icejttning 
alleviation, Sw. Idtt light, ON. lettr, Goth, leihts leicht. 

61:12. Sw. dial, latan left hand : lat lazy, Goth, lats lassig, trage, 
ON. latr, OE. Icet, OHG. laz trage, etc. Compare for mg. Ital. mano 
stanca, braccio stanco. 

Favorable 

61 : 13. OHG. winistra, winistera, MHG. winster(e) linke Hand, 
OE. winestra, seo winstre hand the left hand : ON. vcenn hoffnungsvoll, 
hiibsch, wahrscheinlich, OE. wenlic hiibsch, OS. wdnllko schon, Lat. 
venus Anmut, Lieblichkeit. For parallels cf. Walde 2 s. sinister, 716. 

Bread Hand 

61:14. Sw. dial. (Gothl.) braudhandi the left hand: braud 
bread -{-hand hand (56:01). 



older germanic and scandinavian 65 

62. Finger 
Grasper? 

62:01. Goth, figgrs, ON. fingr, OS. fingar, OE. finger, OHG. 

fingar finger, MHG. vinger Finger, Hand (56:08), Kralle (71:08), 

Fingerring (MHG. der eilfte vinger penis, 141:24): perhaps Goth. 

fdhan fangen, etc., Grimm, Schade. Or from pre-Germ. *pinkro- 

point, Spitze: Gr. irinpos sharp (W.). 

Grasper or Point 

62:02. ESw. finka finger. Probably the same word as finger. 
Or prim, 'point' : Sw. finne, Lat. pinna. 

Point, Projection 

62:03. ESw. nadd hand, finger, forepaw of a seal (83:23), 
Sw. dial, naddan the fingers. Cf 56:10. 

Scratcher 

62:04. Sw. dial, krafsor (jest) chicken feet, scrapings, fingers: 
krafsa scratch, paw. Cf. 83:17. 

Knob 

62:05. MHG. knubel Knochel am Finger, pi. Finger Faust 
(56:23). Cf. 69:06. 

63. Finger Tip 
Hook 

63:01. ON. gomr gum, palate, finger tip, NIcel. gomur finger 
tip : perhaps Lat. hdmus hook. Cf . 44 : 02. 

Projection 

63:02. Norw. gump back part, podex, a fleshy swelling, espe- 
cially the finger tip. Cf. 112:04. 

Top, Tip 

63:03. Norw. tupp top, finger tip. Cf. 162:93. 
63:04. ON. koggull lump, knuckle, finger tip, NIcel. koggull 
joint in the fingers and toes, lump, clod. Cf. 94: 14. 

64. Little Finger 
Ear Finger 

64:01. OE. eare-finger little finger, lit. ear finger: eare ear 
(20 : 01) +finger finger (62:01). 



66 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Ear-Cleanser 

64:02. OE. ear-clcensend ear-cleanser, little finger: eare ear 
(20:01) -\-clcensian clean, purge, cleanse. 

Ear-Scraper 

64:03. OE. ear-scripel little finger: eare ear (20: 01) -\-screpan 
scrape. 

Ear-Digger 

64:04. MHG. or-grubel, -gruebel Ohrfinger, lit. ear-digger: or 
ear (20: 01) -\-gruoben eine Grube machen. 

Pot Man 

64:05. ESw. grotgubben the little finger: Sw. gryta pot-{-gubbe 
old man. Cf. 1:17. 

Playboy 

64:06. ESw. leketiputt little finger: leken playful, Sw. leh play, 
leha play, Norw. leka wiggle, rock, etc., Goth, laikan springen, 
hupfen, ON. leika play, swing, wave; Sw. dial, putte small boy, small 
animal, ON. pottr pot, Norw. pott small cushion, Sw. dial, puta be 
inflated. Cf. 67:11. 

Small Finger 

64:07. Sw. dial, liss-finger little finger. 
64:08. Sw. dial, lillfingering little finger. 
64:09. ESw. litelfinger-fingret the little finger. 
64:10. Norw. veslefingern the little finger: vesle, vesall small, 
tiny, thin+finger finger (62:01). 

Small Hand 

64:11. Sw. dial, pisikehan (jest) little finger: Esthonian 
pisikene small +Sw. hand hand (56:01). 

64:12. ESw. fo'ss+ Esthonian kuzikas little finger: lissa fold, 
wrinkle, shrink ( ?) . 

Little One 

64:13. ESw. lilling little finger, lit. the little one. 

Little Thing 

64 : 14. Sw. dial, lilltingen the little finger, lit. the little thing. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 67 

Little Tip 

64: 15. ESw. lille tippe the little finger, lit. the little tip. 

Little Pole 

64: 16. ESw. lillst&ngen the little finger, lit. the little pole. 

Little Friend 

64: 17. ESw. Men liten god van little finger, lit. little, little good 
friend. 

Little Boy 

64:18. Sw. dial, lille vikke viring little finger: lille small + 
vikke: Sw. vek (?) weak+viring small boy, brat: ON. verr man. 

Little Soldier 

64:19. Sw. dial, lille krissman(ri) little finger, lit. little warrior: 
Sw. krig (Gen. krigs) war -\-man(n) man. 

Proper Names 

64 : 20. ESw. issel-David little finger, lit. little David. 

64:21. Sw. dial, lei per masan pacen, the little finger, lit. little 
Per Mattson at the end. 

64:22. Sw. dial, lille Pelle p& dndan the little finger, lit. little 
Peter at the end. 

64:23. ESw. lillpicko-Jusse little finger: pikku (Finnish) little. 

64:24. ESw. lille Ville little finger, lit. little Willie. 

Miscellaneous 

64:25. ESw. lillpicko-pendele f the little finger. 

64:26. Sw. dial, lillpink little finger. 

64:27. ESw. lillkuckuherren the little finger. 

64 : 28. ESw. lillkuckuhyveln the little finger. 

64:29. ESw. lillgdrdsfinnen the little finger. 

64:30. Sw. dial, ja si(g)er J et the little finger, lit. I say it. 

65. Ring Finger 
Healing Finger 

65:01. ON. l&knisfingr, Dan. dial. Iwgefinger, OE. Icecefinger 
ring finger: ON. Icekna, OE. Icecnian heal, cure. Compare Lat. 
digitus medicus. For fingr cf. 62 : 01. 



68 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

65 : 02. NIcel. grcedi-fingur ring finger : grceda gain, make money, 
heal, cure -\-fingur finger (62:01). 

Ring Finger 

65:03. OE. hring-finger, Sw., Dan. ring-finger ring finger: OE. 
hring, Sw., Dan. ring ring-\-finger finger (62:01). 

65:04. NIcel. baugfingur ring finger: baugur ring+fingur 
finger (62:01). 

Gold Finger 

65:05. OE. gold-finger ring finger, ESw. guldftnger, Sw. dial. 
gullfingering id., lit. gold finger: OE. gold, Sw. guld go\d+finger 
finger (62:01). 

65:06. Sw. dial, gulscermus ring finger: Sw. guld gold+Estho- 
nian sormus finger. 

Gold Ring 

65:07. Sw. dial, gullring ring finger, lit. gold ring: gull gold+ 
ring. 

Gold Brand 

65:08. Sw. dial, gullibrand ring finger, lit. gold brand: gull gold 
-\-brand brand. 

Gold Tip 

65:09. ESw. gulletippef ring finger: gull gold -\-tippe tip, 
MHG, zipf, zipfel, Cf. 64:15. 

Name Finger 

65:10. ESw. namnfinger, namnlingsfinger ring finger, lit. name 
finger: namn name -\- finger finger (62:01). 

Nameless Finger 

65:11. Sw. dial, namnlos (finger), ncemlusfinger , ncemnusfinger 
ring finger, lit. nameless finger: namnlos nameless -\- finger finger 
(62:01). 

65:12. MHG. der vinger ungenannt der vierte Finger, Ring- 
finger, lit. the unnamed finger: vinger finger (Q2: 01) -{-ungenannt 
unnamed. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 69 

Heart Finger 

65 : 13. Sw. dial, hjertfinger ring finger: Sw. hjdrta heart (120 : 01) 
-\-finger finger (62:01). 

Heart Hand 

65 : 14. Sw. dial, hdrtihaun ring finger: Sw. hjdrta heart (120 : 01) 
+handhimd (62:01). 

Hearty 

65 : 15. Sw. dial, hjertlikan ring finger, lit. the hearty one. 

Poor Hand 

65:16. Sw. dial, stackars hand ring finger, lit. poor hand: stack- 
ass poor, hand hand (62:01). 

Limping Man 

65:17. ESw. halt(e)man the fourth finger: halta limp -{-man 
man. 

The Middle One 

65:18. Sw. dial, melting the finger nearest the little finger: Sw. 
imellan between. 

Miscellaneous 

65:19. Sw. dial, skdrsning ring finger: skdrsel a kind of sorcery 
(described in Rz. 616). 

65:20. Sw. dial, lill-mara ring finger (mara libellula? mora 
incubus?). 

65:21. Sw. dial, havre-hdst ring finger, lit. 'oats-horse.' 

65:22. Sw. dial, i mors skav ring finger, lit. in mother's 
cupboard ? 

66. Middle Finger 
Middle Finger 

66:01. OE. middel-finger middle finger, Dan. mellem-finger 
medius vel impidicus: OE. middel middle, Dan. mellem between 
■f finger finger (62:01). 

Great Finger 

66:02. Sw. stor finger middle finger: stor great -\- finger finger 
(62:01). 



70 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Long Finger 

66:03. Sw. l&ngfinger, Dan. langfinger middle finger: Sw. lang, 
Dan. lang long+finger finger (62:01). 

Long Hand 

66:04. ESw. langhand middle finger, lit. long hand: lang long 
+hand (56:01). 

Long Man 

66:05. Norw. langemann } Dan. dial, langemond, Sw. langeman, 
dial, langstman middle finger: Sw. lang long, langst longest -\-man 
man. 

Long Runner 

66:06. Sw. dial, lang-lopare middle finger: lang long -{-lopare 
runner. 

Long Tong 

66 : 07. ON. langatgng, NIcel. longu-tong, Norw. langetong middle 
finger, lit. long tong. 

Long Pole 

66:08. Norw. langestong, Sw. langstang middle finger: Norw. 
lang, Sw. lang long+Norw. stong, Sw. stang pole. 

Finger of Salutation 

66:09. OE. halettend greeter, middle finger, finger by which a 
sign or greeting is made: halettan, hcelet(t)an hail, greet, salute, heel 
(good) omen, hcelan heal, cure, save, ON. heill hale, sound, happy, 
heill luck, omen, foreboding, good speed, E. hail (from Norse), 
NHG. Heil Gesundheit, Gluck, Heil, etc. 

Shame-Bearer 

66:10. OE. cewisc-berend middle finger: aewisc disgrace, offense, 
scandal, Goth, aiwiski Schande+OE. berend, p.p. of beran bear. 

Miscellaneous 

66:11. Sw. dial, hor ska du ta'et middle finger, lit. where will 
you take it. 



older germanic and scandinavian 71 

67. Forefinger 
Forefinger 

67:01. Sw. dial, framfinger, frdmstfinger forefinger: fram for- 
ward, frdmst foremost + finger finger (62:01). 

Pointer, Index 

67:02. MHG. wlsare Fuhrer, Zeigefinger: vnsen weisen. 

67:03. MHG. zeiger Zeiger, Zeigefinger, zeigel Zeigefinger, 
Aushangeschild : zeigen zeigen. 

67:04. Sw. pekfinger, Dan. pegefinger index finger: Sw. peka 
Dan. pege indicate, point o\it-\- finger finger (62:01). 

67:05. ON. tilsagnarfinger forefinger: sggn declaration, state- 
ment -\-fingr finger (62:01). 

67:06. OE. becnend, bycniend (Thone: W.W.I., 264, 40 and 
291, 23), geblecniend (Sweet) forefinger: blecnan, blcnan, be(a)cnian 
make signs, nod, beckon, point out, indicate, etc. 

Arrow-Finger 

67:07. OE. scyte-fingor, scytel-fingor forefinger: scyte shooting, 
stroke, blow, missile, dart, scytel missile, dart, arrow -\-fingor finger 
(62:01). 

Denunciator? 

67:08. OE. Icew-finger, leaw-finger forefinger, index: loewan 
betray, Goth, lewjan id.,-\-finger finger (62:01). 

Potato Finger 

67:09. ESw. pdronfingret the index finger, lit. the potato finger, 
the finger used in peeling potatoes: (jord)pdron potatoes, lit. (earth) 
pears -{-finger finger (62:01). 

Licker (of Tub, Pot, Cup) 

67:10. ESw. (leck)bytta forefinger: NHG. lecken, E. lick, Sw. 
bytta tub. 

67:11. Sw. dial, sldkjebutt, slek(er) i pot, slicka i pott, slikkeputt, 
Norw. sleikjarpott forefinger: Sw. slicka, Norw. sleikja lick, Sw. 
bytta Butte, potta vessel, pot. Cf. 64:06. 

67:12. Sw. dial, sleka-kopp forefinger: kopp cup. 



72 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

67:13. ESw. sleka tuppen forefinger: tupp top, Norw. tupp 
top, finger tip (63:03). 

67:14. Norw. sleikje-ftnger forefinger: sleikja lick + finger finger 
(62:01). 

67:15. Dan. dial, slippefinger forefinger: slippe pinch with 
the mouth, take something with a spoon -j- finger finger (62:01). 

Pepper-Pounder 

67:16. Sw. dial, pepper-stotare forefinger: pepper pepper -f 
stotare: Sw. stota push, pound. 

I Want Food 

67 : 17. Sw. dial, ja vill ha mad forefinger, lit. I want food. 

68. Thumb 
Strong, Thick Finger 

68:01. ODan. thumce, tomme, OSw. J?umi, Sw. tumme, Norw. 
tume, OE. puma, OFris. thume, OHG. dumo, MHG. dume doume 
thumb (der eilfte dume penis, 141 : 25) : MHG. doum Zapfen, Propfen, 
Skt. tumra-h fett, strotzend, Lat. tumor swelling, tumeo swell, tumulus 
mound, Skt. tawti, tauti ist stark. Schade 2 114. 

68 : 02. ON. pumal{s)finger thumb, pumal (68 : 01) -{-finger finger 
(62:01). 

Thumb Tot 

68:03. Sw. tummetott thumb: tumme thumb (68:01), tott tuft, 
NE. tot small child. 

68:04. ESw. tummeltott thumb, a variation of the preceding 
word: ON. pumal- thumb (68 : 02) . 

Miscellaneous 

68:05. Sw. dial, tivling, timmbling, timmling thumb. 

68:06. Sw. dial, tiveli-tupp thumb: tiveli-\-tupp top. 

68:07. Sw. dial, tammas-gubben thumb: tammas+gubbe old 
man. 

68:08. Sw. dial, lusknakkjare thumb: lus louse +kndkkjare 
crusher, cracker: Sw. kndcka crush, crack. 

68 : 09. Sw. dial, ja a sulten thumb, lit. I am hungry. 



older germanic and scandinavian 73 

69. Knuckle 
Pick 

69:01. MHG. bickel Spitzhacke, Picke, Knochel, Wiirfel, bicken 

stechen, picken. Cf. 86:06. 

Knot, Nut, Knob 

69:02. ON., NIcel. hnuta knuckle-bone, joint-bone: hnutr 
knot, nut, hniota stossen, Gr. kvv£co kratze. Wood, IF. XVIII, 31. 

69:03. Norw. knok knuckle, bone in the leg: ON. knakkr 
(knob) foot on chairs, tables, etc., Sw. knagg Knorren, MLG. knagge 
dickes Stuck , Knorren, NE. knag knob. 

69:04. Norw. knbp knuckle, short bone: Norw. knope knob, 
knot, nut, knape pin, bolt, sturdy man, OE. cnapa boy, servant, 
OS. knapo id., ON. knappr Knorren, Knopf, etc. Cf. ON. knefe, 
MHG. knebel (86:04). 

69:05. ON. knui, Norw. knue, Sw. knoge, Dan. kno, knoe 
knuckle: ON. knyia knock, press, drive, Norw. knua press with the 
knuckles: OE. cnuwian pound (in mortar), LG. knauen gnaw, 
NHG. (oberd.) knauen, knauen stamp, crush. Wood, IF. XVIII, 
31; ma*, 94; F-T 554. 

69:06. MHG. knubel Knochel am Finger, im PI. auch fur die 
Finger (62:05), Faust (56:23): MDu. cnovel joint, ankle, EFris. 
knufe, kniife Klumpen, Knorren, Kloben, Klotz, ON. kneyfa, Sw. 
dial, knova press together, ME. knobbe knob, MHG. knopf Knorren, 
Knospe, Knauf, Knoten, &now/Knauf, MDu. cnoop knob, knot, node, 
joint. Cf. Zupitza, Gutt. 148; Wood, IF. XVIII, 31 f. Cf. 157:04. 

69:07. MHG. knebel Knebel, Knochel. Cf. 86:04. 

69:08. Norw. knjuka, knoka knuckle: ON. knjukr rundlicher 
Berggipfel, knykill kleiner Knoten, Norw. knoka knuckle, prominent 
joint, especially of knees and elbows, OSw. knoka, Dan. dial, knoge, 
MLG. knoke Knochel, MHG. knoche Astknorren, Knochen, Dan. 
knokkel bone (160:03), knuckle, OE. cnucel, MLG. knokel, MHG. 
kniichel Knochel: ON. knoka driicken, Norw. knoka id., Sw. dial. 
knoka herunterdriicken, OE. cnocian, cnucian knock, MHG. knochen 
knuffen, Lith. gniduziu, gniduzti die Hand fest schliessen, gniuii-s 
Biindel, Handvoll. Bezzenberger, BB. V, 171, Zupitza, Gutt. 148. 

69:09. ON. knuta knuckle-bone, joint-bone, Sw. knota knuckle- 
bone, condyle, OHG. chnodo, knoto, MHG. knodie), knote Knoten, 



74 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Knochel: ON. knidr knot, hump, protuberance, knyta knit, fasten 
by a knot, bind, tic, kni/li bag, purse, Sw. ftn?/te bundle, OE. cnoMa 
knot, MHG. knotze Knorre, MHG. kniltzen druckcnd quetschen. 
Schade 8 502. 

09:10. ON. koggull lump, knuckle, finger tip (63:04). Cf. 
94:14. 

69:11. OFris, hate Knochel. Cf. 108:01. 

70. Nail 
Hard Mass, Plug, Peg 

70:01 . ON. nagl unguis, nagli olavus, OS. nagal, OFris. mil, OE. 
ncegel nail (of finger, fcoe), peg, nail, pled rum, OHG. nagal, MHG. 
nagd(c) Nagel: Lat. unguis claw, talon, nail, hoof, ungula claw, 
hoof, Gr. cW£ Klaue, Kralle, Ski. (inghri-Ii Fuss, Litt. nagas Nagel, 
Klaue, nagd Huf, nagiitis Fingernagel, OPruss. nagutis id., nage 
Fuss, OBulg. noga Fuss, nogiltl Nagel, Kralle. Cf. Walde 8 851 with 
references. Perhaps from the root *ancgh- draw together, press 
together: Lat. ango draw or press together, throttle, press upon, 
torment, Gr. ayxu press bight, throttle, Goth, aggwus eng, etc. Wood, 
IF. XVIII, 30. 

70:02. OE. hand-nwgl fingernail: hand hand (56:01)+w<BjfZ 
nail (70:01). 

70:03. Shetl. ragnail stump of a nail grown into the flesh: rag 
strike, drive, ram,, hit. Jakobsen 032. For nail cf. 70:01. 

71. Claw 
Clamp, Clutch 

71 :01. MHG. klaber Klaue, Kralle, Fessel: ON. hlafe a kind of 
fork put on the neck of cattle, Sw. hlavre Fessel, Halseisen, Dan. 
Havre kletteru, klimmen, Ml H^. klambc Fessel, Klemme, Klammcr, 
klamben fest zusammenftlgen, klemberen verklammern, NE. clamber 
climb, OHG. klimban climb, MHG. klimpfen draw close together, 
Gr. yXcujyco kratze, hohle aus. Wood, IF. XVIII, 41 f. 

71:02. OE. clifer claw: clifrian scratch, ON. klifra klettern, 
OE. clifian adhere, cltfc burdock, ON. klifa klettern, MHG. kleiben 
fest heften, befestigen, festsitzen an, anhangen, OHG. kliban, kllpan, 
MHG. kltben kleben, festsitzen. Cf. 80:03. 



OLDHB GERMANIC and Scandinavian 7i"> 

71 :():>. ON. klo, OE. clca, churn, OS, chiinra, OFrfs. A/O/v, OHQ. 

kldwa, chxi, MI 1(1. A7a, A:/uwc olaw: ON. /./<• Webstein, OE. c&lioew 
clew, ball, OHG. chliwa, diuwa Knftuel, Skt. <//<"/// Ballen. Schade 5 
498; Zupitza, Quit, L46f. with references. 

71:01. Norw. veideklo, veiklo hind olaw or talon, lit. hunting 
olaw. For fcfo of. 71:03. 

71:05. MHO. klouber Klaue, Kralle, Fessel, on. fcZattf ge- 
epaltene Klaue: Ml 10. klobe gespaltenes Iiolzstiick zum Klemmen, 
Festhalten: als Fessel, tlberh. otwas Klemmondes, Festhaltendes, 
OHO. klobo, id., MHO. Iduben, OIK J. cli'dum pflttcken, stttckweise 
abpflUeken, auflesen, rauben, stehlori, zerreissen, NIK!, klauben, 
Lat. (jlilbo schale al>, Or. yXixjyoo schnitze, ritze On, OIK J. klioban 
Bpalten, klieben. Sohade 2 498; Zupitza, Quit. 211. 

71:06. MHO. hlate Kralle: OHG. kleta t kletta Klette, EFris. 
Madde Klettc, sowohl die Pflanze als der mit hakenfftrmigen Staoheln 
besetzte Samenkopf, Dan. klatre, Sw. kldttra klettern. Koolman, 
Ojfnea. Wb. II, 225; Wood, rF. XVIII, 44. 

71 :07. OE. grdp fist, hand, claw, grip. Cf. 56:03. 

71:08. MIR 1 ,, virujer Finder, Hand (56:08), Kralle, Fingerring. 
Of. 62:01. 

Crook, Bend 

71:09. Dan. kralle Kralle, claw, NIIO. kralle: MHG. krellen 

kratzen, kral gckrallte Wunde, Kratz, Sw. (s)krallc: m .stuck ar.s kralle, 
a poor fellow, a pauper, Sw. dial, kralla crawl on hands and feet, 
climb crawling, krilla, krall orawl, itch, prick, Dan. krillc itch, 
tingle, prick, tickle. 

71:10. OHG. crawil, croiiwil, MHO. krdwcl, kreul knimme 
Gabel, Klaue, Kralle, \hi. krouwel id. Of. 110:01. 

72. Fkathek, Win(J 
Flyer, Flapper 

72:01. ON. ffadr Feder, Speerblatt, OS. fethara Feder, Fisch- 

flosse, OE. fefier feather, ( ) I K J . /crfara Feder, Fittich, Flosse (7:*:0:*), 
MHO. m/r/- Feder, OHG. feddah, fettah Fittioh, Flttgel, etc.: (Jr. 
irrlpov Feder, Flttgel, Ski,, pdtram id. patard~?i fiiegend, pdtoti fliegt, 

Or. irtTO/JLCu fliege, 7rordo/xat (l:i,flcro. 



76 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

72 : 02. MHG. vliigel Fliigel : vluc Flug, eiligste Bewegung, vliegen 
fliegen. 

72:03. MHG. phlume, plume Flaumfeder, plume, from Lat. 
pluma. 

Waver, Flapper 

72:04. ON. vcengr, Norw. veng, vengja, Sw., Dan. vinge wing: 
Goth, waian, OE. wawan, OFris. wdia, OHG. wden wehen: Skt. 
vdyati, vdti weht, blast, Av. vditi weht, Gr. aFrjai weht, OBulg. 
vejati wehen. 

Look, Appearance 

72:05. ON. hy the down of plants, hair, feathers. Cf. 145:01. 

73. Fin 
Swimmer 

73:01. OHG. flozza Flosse, pinna, MHG. vlozze id.: vliezen, 
OHG. fliozan fliessen, schwimmen. 

73 : 02. Norw. flossfjfider, flaassfjfir fin : from German Flossfeder, 
late MHG. vlozvedere. 

Flapper, Flipper 

73:03. OS. fethara Fischflosse, Feder, OHG. fedora id. Cf. 
72:01. For mg. compare NE. flipper fin: flip make a quick motion, 
flap. 

Strip? 

73:04. Shetl. fluns fins of a ray, the thin part between the fins 
nearest the head of a ray: Norw. flunsa flense (strip the blubber 
or skin from a whale, seal, etc.). 

73:05. Sw. dial, spjaul fin, back fin, spool, spjurr, spjorr fin, 
side fin: spol tail, back fin, Norw. spj0r, spjfirr patch, flap, strip, 
fin: spjfirre patch, stump. Cf. 114:16. 

Point 

73:06. Dan. finne, Sw. fena<fina, OE. jinn fin: Sw. finne< 
LG. finne Finne, Pustel: Norw. jinn, finne Borstengras, nardus 
stricta, Hornzapfen, die porose Knochenspitze inwendig in einem 
Horn, das Fleisch an den Hufen des Pferdes: Sw. dial, fen, fena 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 77 

Kornahre, Flem. vimme id., MHG. vinne Spieker, MLG. vinne 
Gerstenkorn am Auge: Lat. pinna Pfeil, Mauerzinne, Schwimm- 
flosse, Olr. ind (*pinno-) Ende, Spitze, Gipfel. Cf. Walde 2 585 
with references. 

Sharp-Pointed Object, Point 

73:07. NIcel. uggi, Norw. ugge fin, ugga gills (45:08), Norw. 
ugg thorn, prick, bristle (162:07): ugga gills, ON. uggr fear, ugga 
fear, uggligr fearful, NE. ugly. 

Curve 

73:08. Shetl. bjokl, bjokkel high dorsal fin of a whale, ON. 
bpxl shoulder (?), high dorsal fin of certain whales, Norw. b0gsl fin 
on the back of large fish, also of the whale. Probably connected with 
ON. bogr shoulder. Cf . 97 : 04. 

73:09. ON. hreifi wrist, the hand and fingers (56: 12), seal's fin, 
flip, flipper, NIcel. hreifi seal's fin, flipper. Cf. 55:02 and 85:01. 

74. Crotch 
Clamp 

74:01. Shetl. glamers the interstice between the legs. Probably 
connected with ON. klgmbr, klambr, Norw. klomber, Dan. Hammer, 
klamme clamp: ON. klgmbrar, f. pi. a vice. 

Cleft 

74:02. ON., NIcel. klof cleft, crotch, Norw. klov cleft, split: 
crotch, Shetl. klovek cleft, fissure between the buttocks, ON. kliufa 
split, etc. Cf. 92:02. 

Branch, Division 

74:03. Sw. gren branch, interstice between the legs, Sw. dial. 
grdjn branch, angle between the legs: ON. grein branch, division, 
distinction. 

75. Limb, Joint 

(See also 158) 
Bend 

75:01. ON. Umr, Dan., Sw. lem, Norw. Urn limb, twig, OE. 
Urn limb, member, branch, NE. limb: Lith. lemil Baumstamm, 



78 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Korper, Lat. llmus schief; lltuus Krummstab; Goth, lipus Glied, 
etc. Cf. 75:02. Persson, Wz. 187. 

75:02. Goth, lipus Glied, ON. lidr, Sw., Dan. led joint, OS^ 
lid, OFris. lith, lid, OE. lip Gelenk, Glied, OHG. lid, MHG. lit 
Glied, Gelenk, Teil, Stuck, Zeugungsglied (141:74), NHG. Glied: 
ON. lida biegen, OE. a-lipian zergliedern, trennen, OHG. lidon in 
Stiicke schneiden: Lat. lltuus Krummstab. Cf. 75:01. 

Limb-Measure 

75:03. MHG. lidemaz, gelidemceze, OFris. lithmata Gliedmassen. 
Cf. Kluge 147: "Die Bedeutung des zweiten Teiles der Zusammen- 
setzung ist nicht klar (mhd. gelidemceze, f. bedeutet Leibeslange), 
vgl. aschwed. lipa-mot, isl. lidamot Glieder." Cf. 158:04. 

Limb-Growth 

75:04. OS. lidu-wastom Glied, pi. Gliedmassen, lid Glied 
(75 : 02) -\-wastom Wachstum, Wuchs, wahsan wachsen. 

76. Thigh 
Bend, Curve 

76:01. ON. horn ham, haunch, OHG. hama, hamma, MHG. 
hame, hamme Hinterschenkel, Kniekehle (81:03), OE. hamm inner 
part of knee, ham, MLG. hame, hamme Hinterschenkel, Schinken, 
MDu. hame ochterschenkel, vorral van dieren, ham, hamme knie- 
buiging, schenkel, ham, bocht in een water, inham, etc.: OHG. 
hamo Angelhaken, Angel, MHG. hame id. (Lexer, Mhd. Wb. I, 1164 
with references): Gr. x a ^os * KajxirvKos {*khdmos). Wood, MLN. 
XXIX, 71. 

76:02. Shetl. Urn, limb limb, thigh of an animal, especially the 
thick part. Cf. 75:01. 

76 : 03. Norw. ganglim shoulder (97 : 16) or thigh of an animal, lit. 
walking limb. Cf. 75:01. 

76:04. OHG. scinca, scinco tibia, Beinrohre, crus, Schenkel, 
MHG. schinke id., schenkel Schenkel, OFris. skunka, EFris. schunke 
Schenkel, Beinrohre. Cf. 77:02. 

76:05. ON. leer, OSw. lar, Dan. laar, Sw. lar, OE. leow, pi. leower 
thigh. Cf. 79:01. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 79 

Swelling, Bulge 

76:06. Sw. dial, bus-ldgg thigh, shank (77:06), calf of the leg 
(79:02), Norw. b<j>yste Fleischstuck, Bug, ON. beysti Schinken: ON. 
beysinn dick, gross, MHG. bus schwellende Fulle. Fick III 4 , 276. 
Cf. 97:14. Fovldgg d. 79:01. 

76:07. ON. pio thigh, podex (112: 12), OFris. thiach, OE. peoh, 
OHG. dioh, thioh, deoh, theoch, MHG. diech, diech-schenkel Schenkel, 
NHG. Diech Dickbein : OBulg. tuku Fett, Lith. tdukas Fettsttickchen, 
pi. Fett, Lett, tuks Geschwulst, tukt schwellen, tanks feist, tauki pi. 
Fett, Talg, Ir. ton {Hukno) podex (Zupitza, Gutt. 140 with references) : 
OBulg. tyti fett werden, Skt. taviti, tduti ist stark, hat Macht, Lat. 
tumeo etc. Walde 2 797 f. Cf. 68:01. Here also Gr. ctvkop, Boeot. 
tvkov fig, a large wart, especially on the eyelids, piles (Wood, Class. 
Phil. IX, 154). 

76:08. OE. peoh-gelcete thigh joint: peoh thigh (76:07) + 
gelcete junction of roads. 

76 : 09. Sw. dial, byxan sl piece of an ox's thigh. 

Turning-Point, Axis 

76:10. Shetl. eksben part of the cow's flesh next to the thigh 
bone which the butcher gets as his pay, lit. shoulder bone? (97:01). 
For ben bone cf. 77:07. 
? 

76:11. Dan. dial, bonneben leg of cattle, piece from the kn°e 
upward. 

76:12. Shetl. bonek large bone, joint, especially the upper part 
of an animal's thigh. Perhaps formed from NE. bone or from a 
word equivalent to Dan. dial, bonne- above. Cf. 160:08. 

77. Leg, Shank 
Bend 

77:01. OHG. ancha, encha crus, tibia, talus. Cf. 86:01. 

77:02. OE. scanca shank, leg, Dan. skank, Sw. skank, skank 
shank, leg, MHG. schenkel, schinke, etc., OE. gescincio fat about the 
kidneys: ON. skakkr hinkend, schief, skakkia, skekkia schief 
machen, Dan. skank lahm, Gr. cr/cdfco hinke. Wood, IF. XVIII, 27. 
Cf. 76:04. 



80 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

77 : 03. OE. hoh-scanca shank : hoh heel (90 : 01) +scanca (77 : 02) . 

77:04. ON. hfikill knee joint of an animal, hind legs, hock, 
NIcel. hcekill hock, shank, Norw. h^kel, h0kjel, hykjel, hcekjel id., Sw. 
hycklor hind legs, hocks. Cf . 81 : 01. 

77:05. ON. leggr leg, Norw. legg leg, shin (78:04). Cf. 79:01. 

77 : 06. Sw. dial, bus-ldgg thigh, shank, calf of the leg. Cf . 76 : 06 
and 79:02. 

Club (Keule, Schlegel) 

77:07. ON. bein os, crus, Sw., Dan. ben bone, leg, OHG. bein, 
MHG. bein Knochen, Bein, etc., OE. ban bone, in comp. also leg: 
Germ. *baina- beetle, cudgel: bone, leg: Lat. perfines perfringas, 
Olr. benim schlage, schneide, OBulg. biti schlagen, Russ. bilo Schlegel, 
Kloppel, Arm. bir (*bitr Bugge, IF. I, 452) grosser Stock, Keule, 
Gr. <f>LT P 6s block, log. Wood, MLN. XXIX, 69. Cf. 160:01. 

Walk-Bone 

77:08. Norw. gangbein leg, foot, lit. walking bone or leg: gang 
walk+6em bone, leg (77:07). 

Bone-Sheath 

77:09. ESw. benskeda shank: ben bone (77 : 07) -\-skeda sheath. 

Wing Bone 

77:10. ESw. vingben shank: vinge wing (72:04)+6ew bone 
(77:07). 

Pipe 

77 : 11. Sw. slang piporna the legs, lit. the pipes. 

Scrabbler 

77 : 12. ESw. skravel, skrovel the (hind) foot of a seal (85 : 03), leg 
(contempt) : skrdvla sit with the legs carelessly, Norw. skravla skrabe 
el. grave sammen med mole, MDu. schravelen, schraven scratch with 
the paws, scrabble, schrabelen scratch, scrabble, EFris. schrabben 
schrappen, kratzen, schaben, scharren, raffen, OHG. screvon ein- 
schneiden, ON. skrdva knarren, etc. For related words see Norw. 
skrova throat , 43:47. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 81 

77:13. Sw. dial, bqkla, pi. b$klar, shanks, lit. stumbling 
member? bdklar hands (56:13), and feet (83:21) that cannot be 
moved, b§kel fall, stumble, fumble, MHG. bickeln hin- u. herwerfen, 
wurfeln, bickel Spitzhacke, Picke, Knochel, Wiirfel, bicke Spitzhacke, 
Meissel, bicken stechen, picken. 

Striver 

77:14. Sw. slang strdva leg: Sw. strdva strive. 

Shaft 

77:15. Dan. dial, skagle shafts: the legs (contempt). 

Pole, Rod 

77:16. Dan. colloq. stoengene the legs, lit. the poles: stang, pi. 
stcenger bar, pole, rod. 

77 : 17. Sw. slang pakar legs, lit. thick sticks. 

Drumsticks 

77:18. Dan. colloq. trommestikkene the legs, lit. the drumsticks. 
Compare E. the drumsticks of a fowl. 

Matches 

77:19. Dan. colloq. tcendstikkene the legs, lit. the matches. 

The Apostles' Horses 

77:20. Dan. colloq. apostlenes heste } Sw. apostlahdstarne the 
legs, lit. the Apostles' horses. 

78. Shin 
Splinter 

78:01. OE. seta, scinu, scin-ban shin, OHG. scina, scena, MHG. 
schin(e) Schiene, Rohre, Schienbein, OHG. also Nadel: OFris. skidel, 
MLG. skedel Armknochen ("entweder ski-dla oder skid-la zur Wz. 
*skid") : Westflem. schler Holzblock (*ski-ra) OHG. scinca Beinrohre: 
IE. *skei, *ski scheiden, trennen: Ir. scian Messer, Skt. chydti 
schneidet ab, chdta-h, chitd-h abgeschnitten, Lat. de-sciscere abtrunnig 
werden. Fick III 4 , 462 f. 



82 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Slender Bone 

78:02. Bornh., ESw. smalben shin: smal slender -\-ben bone, leg 
(77:07). 

78:03. Bornh. smartben shin: smart (Sw smart slender) -\-ben 
leg (77:07). 

Bend 

78:04. Norw. legg leg, shin. Cf. 77:05 and 79:01. 

79. Calf 
Bend 

79:01. ON. leggr hollow bone (of arms and legs), leg, stem of a 
plant, shaft of a spear, Dan., Norw. leg(g), lag leg (77:05), shin 
(78:04), Sw. lagg calf of the leg: Longob. lagi Schenkel, Lith. alkune 
Ellenbogen, Ulektis Elle, OBulg. lakuti Ellenbogen, Gr. oXeKpavov 
Ellenbogen, aXai; Oberarm, Lat. lacertus Oberarm, ON. l&r, Sw. lar 
(OE. leow thigh, ham) thigh (76:05). Fick IIP, 357. Cf. Walde 2 
404: lacertus. 

79:02. Sw. dial, busldgg thigh, shank, calf of the leg. Cf. 
76:06, 97:11, and 79:01. 

79:03. OHG. riho Wade, Kniekehle (81:02), MHG. rist, riste 
Hand- (55:03) oder Fussgelenk (87:01), der gebogene Rucken oder 
die Wolbung des Fusses, Halsgelenk an der Schulter des Pferdes, 
MDu. wrlghe Rist: Gr. powbs gebogen, krumm. Fick IIP, 417 f. 
Cf. 87:02. 

79:04. OS. wado, OHG. wado, MHG. wade Wade, OLG. watho 
Muskelfleisch, dickes Fleisch, ON. vgdve Muskel, Lat. vatius einwarts 
gebogen, krumm, Liden, KZ. XLI, 396 f. Cf. 149:03. 

79:05. ON. kvikva-vpdvi calf of the leg; kvikr (ace. -van) quick, 
alive, living, lively -\-vgdvi muscle (79:04). 

Swelling 

79 : 06. ON. kalfi calf of the leg, Norw. kalve id., biceps (53 : 01), 
muscle of the thumb (149:05), Sw. dial, kalv, Dan. dial, kalle, kalv, 
kal calf of the leg, NE. calf Wade, NHG. dial, kalb Muskel: Goth. 
kalbo Kalb, ON. kalfr, OE. cealf, OHG. Kalb, etc., Gallic-Lat. galba 
homo praepinguis, etc. Fick IP, 107; Walde 2 331. 

79:07. ESw. benkalv calf of the leg: ben leg (77:07)+kalv calf. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 83 

79:08. OE. spearwa ca\f of the leg: Gr. cr^cupa ball, globe, a^vpbv 
ankle, acfrvpa hammer, acfrvpas round dung, airvpados ball dung, as that 
of sheep and goats, ON. spard sheep's dropping, Lith. spird Schafmist, 
OPruss. sperclan Zehenballen, sparts stark, Skt. sphird-h feist, 
reichlich, viel, sphdrd-h ausgedehnt, reich, gross, sphdyate wird 
feist, nimmt zu. Wood, Mod. Phil. XI, 336. 

79:09. OE. spear-lira calf of the leg: spearwa (79: 08) -\-llra 
flesh, brawn (153:04). 

Thick Part 

79:10. ESw. ben-rom calf of the leg: ben leg (77:07)+row the 
thickest part of the foot over the instep: rommel unusually heavy 
and big object, rommog heavily built, romugr strong (Ihre), romma 
strike very hard. 

Thick Part of the Leg 

79:11. Sw. tjockben calf of the leg: tjock thick (GN.J>jgkkr)-{- 

ben leg (77:07). 

Curve-, Bulge-Leg 

79:12. MHG. schuoch-bein Wade: schuoch Schuh, Goth, skohs, 
etc. (compare for mg. OBulg. kluka poples, NSlov. kolk Hlifte, Lat. 
calx heel, calceus shoe, Walde 2 117), ON. skogr (clump) wood, bush, 
OE. scaga copse, ON., NIcel. skaga jut out, project, skagi cape, head- 
land, promontory, Norw. skaa schief, MHG. schashe schielend, ON. 
skegla schielen, root *skek-, with which compare *skheng- in shank. 
Wood, JEGPh. XIII, 506. 

79: 13. Sw. dial, kdlk-ben the thickest part of the leg (benldggen) 
of oxen, the marrow from the bone of which is used for grease and the 
split bone of which is used in making a kind of skates, isldgga: kdlk: 
Sw. kdlke hand sled (40:05)+&erc leg (77:07). 

Soft Substance (or Swelling) 

79:14. OLG. brddo Wade: OE. breed flesh (153:07): Lith. 
murti durchweicht werden, OHG. marawi, muravi mtirbe, MHG. 
zermursen zerdrticken, NHG. morsch, etc. Cf. Hirt, Idg. Abl. 243. 
Or primarily 'swelling/ pre-Germ. *bhre-t or *bhredh- rise, swell, 
project, etc.: ON. bard Bart, Steven, Rand, Saum, bord Rand, 



84 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Schiffsbord, OE. bard board, plank, borda fringe, etc., root *bhere-m 
OX. barmr brim, edge, bosom, lap (99:04), OX. bringa breast, Sw. 
brikka breast (99:03), etc. (W.). 

79: 15. OLG. ben-brad Wadenbein, calf of the leg: ben bone, leg 
(77:07) +&rad (79:14). 

Shank-Brawn 

79:16. OE. sceanc-lira calf of the leg: sceanc shank (77:02) + 
lira flesh, brawn (153:04). 

Projecting Brawn 

79:17. OE. scot-lira calf of the leg: scot shoot, rush, sceotan 
shoot, move quickly, sceat corner, projection, lap, bosom -{-lira flesh, 
brawn (153:04). 

80. Kxee 
Curve, Bend 

80:01. Goth, kniu, OX. kne, OE. cneo, OS. kneo, knio, OHG. 
kneo, kniu, MHG. knie, etc., knee: Av. znu-, Skt. pra-jnu-h dessen 
Kniee auseinanderstehen, Gr. yvv-Treros falling on the knees, ybvv 
knee, Lat. genu, Skt. jdnu id., Gr. yuvia corner, angle (cf. Walde 2 339 
with references): Germ. *konu- angular, sharp, keen, etc., in OX. 
kpnn scharfsinnig, klug, verstandig, Xlcel. kcenn clever, skilful, sa- 
gacious, shrewd, OE. cene bold, XE. keen sharp; fierce, eager, keen- 
witted, OHG. kuoni ktihn, audax, fortis, asper, acer, etc., Gr. yews 
chin, yevqls edge of an ax, Goth, kinnus Kinnbacke, etc. (35:03). 
Wood, MLN. XXII, 235 f.; IF. XVIII, 32. 

80:02. Sw. dial, knek knee, bend; knikk a sudden turn in the 
road: knekka rock to and fro, kneks quick courtesy, kniks bending of 
the knee, Xorw. kneik a small hill or a turn, especially in a road, OX. 
kneikja bend backward with force. Cf. 117:02. 

80:03. Dan. dial, grikke an angle or curve in the joints: wrist 
(55:01), elbow (54:07), knee: probably *krikke, Xorw. krikk sharp 
corner, little crook, XE. crink, crank, etc. 

80:04. MHG. buoc Schulter, Bug, Hufte (116:06), Knie. Cf. 
97:04. 

81. Knee Joint, Bexd of the Kxee 

Bend, Hook, Corner 

81 : 01. OX. hdkill knee joint of an animal, hind legs, hock, Xorw. 
hpkel, hokjel, hykjel, hoekj el id.: Sw. dial, hykkal heel: hykje squat, 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 85 

Xlcel. hcekill hock, shank: OE. hoc hook, MLG. hok Winkel, Ecke, 
Du. hoek Ecke, Haken. Angel, OX. haki, OE. haka hook, ON. hokja 
crutch. Cf. 77:04 and 90:04. 

81 : 02. OHG. riho Wade, Kniekehle. Cf . 79 : 03. 

81:03. OX. horn ham, haunch, OE. hamm inner part of knee, 
ham, OHG. hama, hamma, MHG. hamme Hinterschenkel, Kniekehle, 
Xorw. hombot knee bend, horn id.: horna, homme walk backward or 
sideways. Cf. 76:01. 

81:04. OHG. hahsa, MHG. hahse, hehse: XHG. Hdchse, 
Hechse Kniebug des Hinterbeines, Sw. has bend of the knee (from 
*hahs-?): Lat. coxa Htifte, coxim zusammenkauernd, Olr. coss Fuss, 
Av. kaso Achsel, Skt. kdksd. kaksa-h Achselgrube, Gurtgegend der 
Pferde (Walde 2 197;, Skt. kacati bindet um, kanci Gtirtel. Cf. 
90:01. 

81:05. Sw. dial hamboge knee bend: ham: OX. horn ham, 
haunch (81:03)+Sw. dial, boge, Sw. bdge bow, arch, XHG. 
Bogen. 

81:06. Dan. dial, hambugt knee bend: ham: OX. horn ham, 
haunch (81:03)+Dan. bugt bend. 

81:07. Xorw. hombot knee bend: horn id. -\-*-bot bend: XHG. 
Bucht. To 81:06. 

81:08. OX. kalfabot, Xorw. kalfbot bend of the knee, half calf 
of the leg (79:06) + *-bot bend, XHG. Bucht. 

81:09. OX. knesbot the hollow of the knee, Xorw. knesbot, 
nesabotbend of the knee, OX. kne knee (80 : 01) -r*-b6t bend, XHG. 
Bucht. 

81:10. Sw. kndveck bend of the knee: knd knee (80:01) -\-veck 
fold. 

81:11. Sw. dial, knd-sveg bend of the knee: OX. svig bend, 
curve, OX., Sw. dial, svigna bend, give way, Sw. dial, sviga bend. 

81:12. OE. cne on: -wrist, -wyrsi knee joint: cneov; knee (80:01) 
— wrist '55:03). 

Knee Wheel 

81:13. MHG. knie-rat. -rade Kniebug, Kniegelenk: knie Knie 
(80:01)+ra*Bad. 

81:14. ON. kneiidr, Sw. kndled, Dan. kneeled knee joint: OX. 
kne, etc., knee (80:01)+ON. Udr, etc., joint (75:02). 



86 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Knee-Throat 

81:15. MHG. knie-kel Kniekehle: knie Knie (80:01)+fceZ 
Kehle (43:34). 

Thigh-Bend 

81:16. OE. fieoh-hweorfa knee joint: peoh thigh (76:07) + 
hweorfa whorl (of spindle), hweorfan turn. 

Knot, Boss 

81:17. Shetl. bjokl, bjokkel knot, bunion, prominent knee joint: 
ON. bukl hemispherical boss (on a shield). 

82. Kneepan 
Turning-Bone 

82:01. OE. hweor(f)-bdn, hwer-bdn kneepan: hweorfa whorl (of 
a spindle), hweorfan turn, ban bone (77:07). 

Knee-Disk 

82:02. MHG. knie-schibe kneepan: knie (80:01)-\-schibe Kugel, 
Scheibe, Kreis, Rad, Walze. 

Knee-Bowl 

82:03. ON. kneskel (Vigfusson), kneskel (Zoega), Norw. kneskjel, 
Sw. kndskal knee, Dan. knceskal, ON. kne, Norw. kne, Sw. knd, Dan. 
knee knee (80:01)+ON. skdl bowl, skel shell, Norw. skjel concha, 
Dan. skal shell, Sw. skdl bowl, skal shell. Cf. 1:47. 

Knee-Ball 

82:04. ESw. kndboll kneepan: knd knee (80:01)+Sw. boll, 
ball ball. 

Knee-Spool 

82:05. Sw. dial, kndsnale kneepan: knd knee (80: 01) -\-snald 
kneepan, a spool over which the string runs in a loom: Norw. snaald 
snout, mouth (23:30). 

Kneebone-Disk 

82:06. Dan. dial, kncebenstrille kneepan: Dan. knee knee 
(80:01)+ ben bone (77:07) -\-trille disk, trundle, caster, vb. shake. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 87 

Knob of the Knee 

82:07. Shetl. knobbi o } de knee kneepan, lit. knob of the knee. 
For kneed. 80:01. 

83. Foot, Paw 
Track, Footprint, Step 

83:01. ON. leistr the foot below the ankle, a short sock, Dan. 
Icest, Sw. last shoemaker's last, Goth, laists Spur, laistjan (jemand 
auf der Spur) folgen, OE. last, Icest Fusssohle, Fussspur, NE. last 
Schuhmacherleisten, OHG. leist Spur, Schuhmacherleisten, (wagari) 
leisa Spur, Geleis, etc. 

83:02. MHG. trit Tritt, Schritt, Tanz, Tanzlied, Fusssohle, 
Fussspur: OE. tredan, OFris. treda, OS. tredan, OHG. tretan, MHG. 
treten, etc., Goth, trudan treten, keltern, ON. troda tread. 

83 : 03. Goth, fotus, ON. fotr, OE. fot, OS. fot, OFris. fot, OHG. 
fuoz, fuaz, MHG. vuoz foot, Lat. pes, pedis, Gr. tovs, Skt. pat, ace. 
pddam, Arm. het Fussspur, otn Fuss, Skt. pddyate fallt, geht, ON. 
feta step, walk, jet step. Walde 2 578-79 and references. 

83:04. Sw. dial, fotelask poor little foot. 

83:05. OE. fot-swmp footprint; foot: fot (S3: OS) -{-sweep foot- 
print, track, trace. 

Leg, Walking Leg 

83:06. Sw. dial, ben foot, Norw. gangbein leg, foot, lit. walking 
leg: Sw. ben, Norw. bein leg, bone (77:07); gang walk. 

83:07. ESw. tdling stocking foot, foot: Norw. tela taile stocking 
foot, tela trundle along, run. 

Flat Surface 

83:08. Sw. slang blan feet. Probably an ellipsis for Sw. fotblad 
ball of the foot: fot foot (83:03)+&Zad blade, leaf (Uhrstrom). Cf. 
89:03. 

83:09. Norw. lorn paw, foot, especially bear paw, hand-lom 
palm of the hand (57:06), OE. gelbm a tool, utensil, NE. loom a 
machine for weaving, shaft of an oar, ON. lamar f. pi. Turangel, 
Norw. lam Tureisen, Haspe mit einer Platte, Lat. lammina a plate, 
leaf, layer. Wood, MLN. XXIX, 71. 

83:10. Sw. labb hand, Norw. lab paw: OHG. lappa Ruderblatt. 
Compare for mg. Lat. palma flache Hand, Ruderblatt. 



88 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Clump, Chunk, Lump 

83:11. ON. by fa Klumpfuss, byvur the feet, with a notion of 
awkwardness (Vigfusson): Norw. buva, buve eine plumpe, schwer- 
fallige Person, Tolpel, bov id., Sw. dial, bobb, bobbe lubber, Sw. 
bobba, etc., Als. boppe Knauel, Hauf, boppi Mops, buppe Gebund, 
Hauf, Buschel, Werg, Fruchtzapfen der Kiefer, MDu. bobbel, bubbel 
Blatter, Beule, Wasserblase, Swab, poppel kugelformiger, nicht 
allzugrosser Korper, Knauel, Knotchen auf der Haut, Beere, Kern- 
lein, kleiner Mensch, kleines Tier, LRuss. buba kleines Geschwtir, 
buben Knirps, Bulg. bubnu schwelle an, Serv. biibla Klumpen, Czech. 
boubel Wasserblase, etc. Wood, Mod. Phil. XI, 323 f. 

83:12. NIcel. loppa paw, hand (Hump-): loppinn with hands 
benumbed from cold, Norw. dial, loppen frozen, with hands 
benumbed from cold, lopprutt uneven, lumpy, Westf . lumpen plump, 
gross, matt, steif vor Kalte, NE. lump Klumpen. Cf. 56:24. 

83: 13. Norw. lamp paw, foot. 

83 : 14. ON. lamr paw, hand (56 : 25) . 

Splasher, Paddler 

83:15. Shetl. plut (jest or contempt) foot, especially large and 
clumsy, NE. Cumberland plotes, plouts hands: Shetl. plut walk 
heavily and clumsily, splashing, Low Scotch phut splash, plunge, 
Dan. dial. Fyen plutte splash, LG. plotsen plunge. Jakobsen. 

83:16. Shetl. pl0tek clumsy foot: pl(j)t splash, soil. Cf. 83:15. 

Scratcher, Scrabbler 

83:17. ESw. krafsor, pi. chicken feet: Sw. krafsa scratch, paw. 
Cf. 62:04. 

83: 18. Shetl. krammek paw, especially of a cat: kramm scratch, 
MHG. krammen mit den Klauen packen od. verwunden, krimmen 
die Klauen zum Fange krummen, etc. Cf. ON. krumma 56:06. 

83:19. Sw. tass paw: tassa patter about, prowl about, Norw. 
tassa hobble, walk clumsily, Dan. tcese tear, pull apart, Sw. dial. 
tasa disentangle (wool), spread out (hay), LG. tasen pfliicken, 
rupfen, OHG. zascon rapere, MHG. zaspen scharren, schleifend gehen. 

83:20. ON. hrammr bear's paw, the palm of the hand (57:15), 
Sw. ram bear's paw: ON. hremma clutch, hremsa clutch, shaft, Goth. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 89 

hramjan kreuzigen, OE. hramma cramp, hremman hinder, MLG. 
■ram(m)e Krampf, ON. hrumr infirm, decrepit, staggering. Cf. 
Fick III 4 , 104. 

83:21. Sw. dial, bdklar hands (56:13) and feet that cannot be 
moved. Cf. 77:13. 

83 : 22. Far. benkur filthy foot. 

Point, Projection 

83:23. ESw. nadd hand, finger (62:03), forepaw of a seal. Cf. 
56:10. 

83 : 24. ESw. rom the thickest part of the foot. Cf . 83 : 20. 

83:25. Dan. dial. I0ske the topmost part of a horse's foot. 
The word is doubtful. Feilberg. 



84. Foot, Webfoot 
Fringe, Web 

84:01. Norw. fit paw, foot, the end of a woven piece, warp 
left after weaving: gaasefit goose foot, kraakefit crow's foot, etc. 
(names of plants): ON. fit membrane of the feet of aquatic 
birds: Far. fit, pi. fitjar low damp meadow, swimming membrane 
of aquatic birds, swimming foot of the seal, fitjingur, OS. fittea, OE. 
fitt Abteilung eines Gedichtes, Gedicht, OHG. fizza, MHG. vitze 
Gebinde, Garn, NHG. Fitze, Gr. 7refa Fuss, das Unterste, Saum. 
Cf. Fick III 4 , 226. 

85. Flipper (of the Seal) 
Turner, Flipper 

85:01. ON. hreifi wrist, the hand and the fingers (56: 12), seal's 
fin (73:09), flipper, NIcel. hreifi seal's fin, flipper: Lith. krelpti 
drehen, krypti sich drehen, kraipyti wenden, kehren (Zupitza, Gutt. 
125). For mg. compare NE. flipper the leg, especially the fore- 
leg, of a seal or walrus, the limb of a sea-turtle, the fin of a fish, etc. : 
flip flap, twitch. 

85 : 02. Norw. sveiv Schwengel, Schaft, womit etwas umgedreht 
wird, Schwung; Schwimmfuss, ON. sveif tiller, sels sveifa, seal's paw, 
svifa swing, turn. Cf. 3:15. 



90 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Scrabbler 

85:02. Sw. dial, shram forefoot of a seal, flipper: NE. scramble 
hastig mit Armen u. Beinen umherfahren, strampeln, straucheln, 
klettern, klimmen, dial, scramb zerren, raff en, mit den Handen 
zusammenscharren, scrim schlagen, tuchtig hauen. 

85:03. ESw. skravel, skrovel the (hind) foot of a seal, leg (con- 
tempt), skravle fore- or hindfoot of a seal: skrdvla sit with the legs 
carelessly, Norw. skravla skrabe, etc. Cf . 77 : 12. 

86. Ankle 
Bunch, Knob 

86:01. ON. gk{k)la, Norw. okla, Dan., Sw. ankel, OHG. 
anchal{a), enchil(a), MHG. enkel Fussknochel: OHG. ancha, encha 
cms, tibia, talus, MHG. anke Gelenk am Fuss, Genick: Skt. angam 
Glied, Korper, anguli-h, anguri-h Finger, Zehe, Lat. angulus angle, 
corner, ungus finger-ring, OBulg. qgulu Winkel. Cf . Walde 2 43 f . 
with references. 

86:02. OE. ancleow ankle, MDu. anclau, anclauwe, anclu(we), 
OHG. anchlao are either compounds of OE. cleowen, clywe(n) clew, 
ball, MDu. cluwe(ri), clouwe(ri) Knauel, OHG. cliuwa id.: Skt. 
glau-h Ballen, Kugel, geballte Masse, etc., or else a blend of these 
words with the above (W.). 

86:03. OFris. *onclef, dat. pi. onclevon Enkel, talus, MDu. 
anclief id. : OE. clife, MLG. klive, OHG. kliba Klette (prim, 'what 
clings together, clump'), OFris. kllva kleiben, OE. clifer claw, etc. 
(W.). Cf. 71:02. 

86:04. MHG. knebel Knebel, Knochel, Holzsttick um die Haare 
darum zu winden (als Strafe), an einem Seile befestigte Stange, grober 
Gesell, Bengel: OHG. knebil Querholz, Fessel, Knochel (not so in 
Schade) : ON. knefill post, pole, NHG. dial, knabe Stift, Keil. Cf . 
69:07. 

86:05. Dan. dial, kode & horse's ankle, MHG. koete Knochel, 
Wurfel, NHG. Kote, Kote Gelenk am Pferdehuf. Cf. 110:09. 

86:06. MHG. bickel Spitzhacke, Picke, Knochel, Wurfel: 
bicken stechen, picken. Cf. 69:01. 

86 : 07. Dan. fodrod tarsus : fod foot (83 : 03) -{-rod root. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 91 

86:08. ESw. vristknyla, wristknbl ankle: vrist instep (87:01) + 
knyla, knot lump, knot. 

86 : 09. ESw. fotknyla ankle : Jot foot (83 : 03) +knyla lump, knot. 

86:10. ON. hd-mot ankle joint. See under Joint, 158:04. Cf. 
90:01. 

End-Joint 

86:11. Dan. endeled last link, tarsus: ende end+led joint 
(75:02). 

87. Instep 
Turn, Curve 

87:01. ON., NIcel., Norw. rist, Dan., Sw. vrist instep, MHG. 
rist, riste Hand- (55:03) oder Fussgelenk, Wolbung des Fusses, der 
gebogene Riicken (111:02), Halsgelenk an der Schulter des Pferdes, 
OE. wrist, wryst, hand-wrist wrist: OE. wrcestan twist, ON. reista 
twist, dislocate, bend. Cf. 87:02. 

87:02. MHG. rihe Rist des Fusses, MLG. wrighe Rist, OHG. 
riho Kniekehle (81:02), Wade (79:02), NHG. Reihen Rist am Fusse, 
OE. wrlgian strive, tend, go forward, ME. wrien dreheu, OFris. 
wrigia schwankend gehen, MLG. wrlch verdreht, trotzig, E. wry 
schief, Gr. pot/cos gebogen, krumm (Persson, Wz. 105; Fick III 4 , 
417 f.), Lith. reszd die Stelle am Fusse des Pferdes von der Hacke 

o 

bis zum Huf. Liden, Goteborg Hogsk. Arsskr. 1899, p. 22. 

Bump, Knot 

87:03. Shetl. brolki knot: de brolki o' de Joot instep: brolk 
bump, knot. Compare Norw. broll(e) ice clump, brolsk heavy and 
strong, Swab, brolle dicker Mensch, brollig dick, Steir. brollig, -et 
wohlbeleibt, fett, dick (W.). 

Edge 

87 : 04. Shetl. bor upper edge of a shoe or a piece of hide sewed 
on to a shoe, instep of a shoe or of the foot: ON. bor da border, brim, 
strip. Jakobsen. 

Top of the Foot 

87:05. ESw. ovanpdastjot instep, lit. uppermost (part of the) 
foot, uapastjot id. For Jot foot cf . 83 : 03. 



92 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Middle of the Foot 

87:06. OE. middel-fot middle of the foot, instep. For fot foot 
cf. 83:03. 

Foot Fold 

87 : 07. Sw. dial, fotveck instep : fot foot (83 : 03) +veck fold. 

88. Arch of the Foot 
Curve, Hollow 

88 : 01. Dan. svang hollow of the sole, Sw. dial, svdnge arch of the 
foot, waist of the body (102:04), groin. Cf. 119:03. 

88:02. Norw. svekk, svokk depression, as the curve under the 
foot, Sw. dial, svank, svakka curve, depression, Dan. dial, svank dale, 
depression (F-T 1210); MHG. swank schwankend, schlank, dunn, 
schmachtig, LG. swinken abnehmen, MHG. swinken schwingen, etc. 
Cf. 119:03. 

88:03. ESw. hdlfot curve under the foot: hat hole+/o£ foot 
(83:03). 

89. Sole 
Flat Surface 

89:01. OS. flaka Fusssohle: MLG. flak flach, glatt, OHG. 
flah id., EFris. flake Eisscholle, Norw. flak disk, ice floe, ON. flaki 
wickerwork shield, flaka gape, Gr. 7reX(ryos offene See, Meeresflache, 
Lat. plaga Gegend, Landschaft, etc., root *peld- broad, flat. Cf. 
Walde 2 587 with references. 

89 : 02. Sw. dial, platt, plat sole of the foot, fot plat, plada, fota 
plada, id.: plata thin piece, sole or plate. 

89:03. Sw. fotblad sole: fot foot (8S:0S)+blad blade, leaf. 
Cf. 83:08. 

89:04. Norw. fotfjo'l sole of the foot: fot foot (83:03)+/^ 
board, thin plank. 

Rim, Edge 

89:05. ON. jarki (for *jadrki) sole of the foot, Norw. jark rim 
of the ball of the foot, part of the ball of the foot near the toes, rim 
of the palm of the hand (57:09), especially the muscle near the root 
of the thumb (149: 11), round edge or tip: Norw. jar Rand, Kante, 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 93 

ON. jadarr, jodurr, OE. eodor Einzaunung, Hecke, Zaun, OS. edor, 
eder geflochtener Zaun, eingezauntes Feld, OHG. etar id., Rand, 
Kante, Arm. ezer Rand, Strand. 

Curve, Arch 

89 : 06. OE. fot-welm, -wylm, -wolma sole of the foot : Lat. vola the 
hollow of the hand, the instep, sole, Skt. vdlati wendet sich, dreht 
sich, valita-h gebogen, Lith. ap-valus rund, ON. voir round. Wood, 
Class. Phil. IX, 159. Compare breost-wylm (101:13). 

89:07. Norw. kverk sole of the foot; kverk throat. Cf. 43:38. 

Swelling, Bunch 

89 : 08. Shetl. bing lump, ball : bing o' de foot ball of the foot, 
bing o' de hand ball of the thumb, the muscle behind the thumb: 
ON. bingr heap. Compare 89:09. 

89:09. Shetl. bong ball of the foot: ON. bunga swelling, Norw. 
bunga (and bunka) Haufe, Beule, MHG. bunge Knolle, MDu. bong 
plug, bung of a barrel, NE. bung. 

89:10. OHG. sivil, swilc, MHG. swile, swil callus, Schwiele, 
(schwielige harthautige) Fusssohle: OE. swyle swelling, tumor, 
swellan swell, etc., OHG. swelli Schwelle, OE. syll foundation beam 
or plank, sill, support, foundation, Goth, suljan griinden, Lat. 
solum (primarily 'something massive, hard, solid') ground, soil, base, 
foundation, expanse, surface, sole, solea sole. According to Walde 2 
723: "Verbindung mit schwellen hat nur die Laute fur sich." But 
cf. Wood, Class. Phil. IX, 158. 

89:11. OHG. sola Fusssohle, perhaps from Lat. *sola: Ital. 
suolo, French sole, or else an ablaut form of the above. Walde 2 723. 

89:12. ON. il, ilki, Norw. il, ilk sole of the foot, OFris. Hi, 
MHG. elde, elt, ele Schwiele an Hand und Fuss, OE. ill, He sole of 
the foot, hard skin, callosity : Swab, illen Beule, Lat. ilia die Weichen, 
der Unterleib, Cymr. ilio garen, iliad Garung. Walde 2 378 with 
references. 

89:13. Dan. dial, fodbalde ball of the foot: fod foot (83:03) + 
balde ball. Cf . handens balde the inside of the hand, 57 : 12. 

89:14. Bornh. fodbajl sole of the foot: fod foot (83:03)+&a?7, 
probably same as Dan. dial, balde. Cf . 89 : 13. 



94 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

89: 15. ESw. fotbjdlle, tabjdlle sole of the foot: fot foot (83:03), 
ta toe (93: 01) -\-bjdlle lump, knot. 

Under (Part of the) Foot 

89 : 16. Sw. dial, undefot the ball of the foot: unde: Sw. under -\- 
fot foot (83:03). 

90. Heel 
Curve 

90:01. ON. hdell, OFris. hela, heila, OE. hoh, hela heel: ON. 
hdmot ankle joint (86:11), hd-sin Achilles' tendon (148:02), Lett. 
kenkis Bootshaken, Lith. kinka, kenkU Kniekehle, Skt. kdksd Achsel- 
grube, Lat. coxa Hufte, OHG. hahsa Kniebug des Hinterbeins (81 :04), 
Skt. kacati bindet urn, kdncl Gurtel. Zupitza, Gutt. 115; Walde 2 
197; Fick IIP, 67. 

90:02. Sw. dial, al heel. Perhaps same as above. 

90:03. OE. hoh-fot heel: hoh heel (90:01)+fot foot (83:03). 

90:04. Sw. dial, hykkdl heel: Norw. hykjel knee joint, hykje 
squat, NIcel. hoekill hock, shank. Cf. 81:01. 

Projection, Spur, Bulge 

90:05. OE. spora spur; heel, ON. spori spur, OHG. sporo 
Sporn, Gr. afyvpbv ankle, acjxupa ball, globe, cr<J)vpas, cnrvpados round 
dung, OPruss. sperclan Zehenballen, OE. spearwa calf of the leg. 
Cf. 79:08. 

90 : 06. OE. hoh-spor heel : hoh heel (90 : 01) +spor (90 : 05) . 

90:07. OE. hel-spure heel: hela heel (90:01)+s?mre (90:05). 

90:08. Goth, fairzna, OS. fersna, OE. fyrsn, fiersn, OHG. 
fersana, MHG. versen(e), verse heel, Skt. parsni-h, pargnl Ferse, 
Gr. irrepva Ferse, Schinken, Lat. perna Hinterkeule, Schinken, 
per nix schnell. 

91. Heel Bone 
Prod-Bone 

91:01. Dan. dial, pregleben the heel bone of horses which runs 
down into a joint and is used for a prod: pregl point, peg, prod, 
E. dial, prog prod. 



older germanic and scandinavian 95 

92. Hoof 
Projecting Point, Peg, Plug 

92:01. ON. hofr, Dan., Sw. hov, OE. hof, OS. hof, OHG., MHG. 
huof hoof: Skt. gaphd-h Huf, Klaue, Av. safo Huf. Fick I 4 , 42, 206, 
420. Since 'plug, peg' may have been the primary meaning, we may 
compare Skt. gaphara-h eine Karpfenart, Lith. szdpalas Dobel, ein 
Fisch (for mg. compare NHG. dobel Pflock, Zapfen: dickkopfiger 
Weissfisch, Dobel, Weigand 5 I, 363). Wood, Mod. Phil. XI, 337 f. 

Split, Cleft 

92:02. ON., NIcel. Mauf the cleft, cloven foot, Dan. ktyv, 
Norw. klov, klauv, Sw. klov cloven hoof: ON. klofi cleft, rift, Norw. 
klov id., ON. kliufa, pret. klauf cleave, split, Norw. kl0yva, Sw. 
klyva, Dan. ktyve split. Cf. 74:02. 

92:03. Icel. lagklauf, Norw. lagklauv secondary cloven hoof 
(Aasen 419) : ON. lag layer, place+Icel. klauf, Norw. klauv (92:02). 

92:04. Norw. latklouv, natklauv, Sw. dial, latklov hoof. Prob- 
ably corrupted forms of 92:03. 

93. Toe 
Point, Digit 

93:01. ON. td, Sw. ta, Dan. taa, OE. ta, take, MLG. te, OFris. 
tane, OHG. zeha, MHG. zehe toe: ON. tjd zeigen, mitteilen, Goth. 
-teihan, Gr. heinvviii zeige, Lat. dlco sage, digitus, etc. Cf. Walde 2 
233 with references. 

Toe-Spur 

93:02. OE. tdh-spora point of the toe: tdh (93:01)+spora 
spur (90:05). 
Compounds of ESw. ta toe (93:01) : 

93:03. ESw. diger-ta big toe: diger thick, OSw. digher, ON. 
digr id. 

93:04. Sw. storta big toe: stor great, big, ON. storr id. 

93:05. ESw. frdmst-ta toe nearest the big toe: frdmst foremost. 

93:06. ESw. langsta toe, middle toe: langst longest. 

93:07. ESw. namnlosta toe next to the little toe, namnlos 
nameless. 



96 parts of the body in 

94. Body, Trunk 
Likeness, Image 

94:01. Goth, leik body, flesh, dead body, ON. lik form, person, 
dead body, OE. lie, OS. Ilk body, living or dead, OHG. llh, lich 
body, corpus, caro (153:22), MHG. llch Leib, Korper, Haut (145:03), 
Hautfarbe, Leibesgestalt, Aussehen, Leiche, Begrabnis, ON. like 
likeness, exterior, form, corpse, Norw. Ilka sign, image, figure, Goth. 
galeiki Gestalt, galeiks gleich, etc., galeikon gleich stellen, gleich 
machen, ON. likame, OE. llcuma, OHG. llhhamo, llhmo body (OE. lie- 
homa, etc., contam. w. flcesc-homa) : Lith. lygmu Ebenbild, lygus 
gleich, eben, etc. Wood, MLN. XXI, 39 f. 

94:02. OE. llc-fcet body-vessel: body: lie body (94 : 01) +jfatf 
vessel. Compare lam-fcet (94:24). 

94:03. OE. llc-hord body-hoard: body: lie body (94:01) + 
hord hoard. Compare flcesc-hord (94 : 30) . 

94:04. OE. lim-gesihp the whole body: Urn limb, member 
(75:01) -\-gesihp power of sight, act of seeing, what is seen, vision, 
apparition. 

Covering 

94:05. ON. hamr skin (145:06), covering: outer form, body, 
OE. hama dress, covering: womb (139:11), OHG. hamo Hlille, 
Kleid, hemidi Hemd, Goth, gahamon anziehen, anahamon sich 
bekleiden, Gallo-Lat. camisia Hemd, Skt. camulydm wollenes Hemd, 
garni- Hiilsenfrucht. Zupitza 182 with references; Walde 2 118 f. 

Bulge, Bunch 

94:06. Norw., Sw. kropp body, trunk of the body, ON. kroppr 
a hump or bunch on any part of the body (110:02), the body, OE. 
cropp sprout, bunch (of flowers or berries), ear (of corn), crop (of 
bird) (127:03), kidney (126:01), MLG. krop (toter) Korper, Beule, 
Auswuchs, struma, Vogelkropf: Gr. ypvwos auswarts od. abwarts 
gebogen, krumm, Swiss chriipfen etwas so biegen, dass es eine rund- 
liche Vertiefung bekommt, NLG. kroppen krummbiegen, OE. 
cryppan bend, crook (finger). F-T 582. Or compare ChSl. grubu 
vootos, dorsum, convulsio, Russ. gorbu Buckel, Hocker, Auswuchs, 
Erhohung, Rucken, gorbii kriimmen, Slov. grba Hocker, Buckel, 
Runzel, grbiti buckelig machen, kriimmen, runzeln, Polish garb 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 97 

Buckel, Hocker, garble biegen, Ir. gerbach runzelig, Norw. korp, 
korpa dicke knorrige Rinde, korpna sich in Falten u. Knoten zusam- 
menziehen, etc., on which see Berneker, Et. Wb. 368 f. (W.). 

94:07. OE. bodig trunk, body, stature, OHG. botah Korper, 
Leib: MLG. bodik Fass, Kubel, NHG. Bottich Braubottich, Brau- 
kufe, OE. byden vessel, tub, barrel, ON. bodn eins der drei Fasser 
in dem der Dichtertrunk aufbewahrt wird, Norw. buna, byna (< *bud- 
na, cf . Aasen 90) tub, Goth, biups, Tisch, ON. bjod small table, small 
bowl, OE. beod table, bowl, MHG. biute Backtrog, Bienenkorb, 
biutel Beutel, etc.: MHG. buzen aufschwellen, ON. butr Holzklotz, 
NE. butt. Wood, MLN. XIX, 4 f . 

94:08. OE. byrla body, barrel (of horse): ME. burli, NE. burly 
big, large, MHG. bor Hohe, hoherer Raum, bcere Hohe, Erhebung, 
Erstreckung, Lett, biira Haufe. Wood, MLN. XIX, 4. 

94:09. Goth, qipus Leib, Mutterleib. Cf. 139:04. 

94 : 10. ON. bulr, bolr the bole or trunk of a tree, the trunk of the 
body, OSw. bol, bul, id.: MLG., MHG. bole Planke, NHG. Bohle: 
OBulg. balilvanu Klotz, Saule, Serv. balvan Balken: IE. *bhel auf- 
blasen, strotzen (Fick III 4 , 266). Or Gr. cfrvXov Stamm, Geschlecht, 
Schar, Skt. bhuri-h reichlich, viel, gross, MDu. bule Beule, Auf- 
bauschung, OHG. bulla Beule, Goth, ufbauljan aufschwellen machen, 
hochmiitig machen. Wood, MLN. XIX, 4. 

Swelling, Sack 

94 : 11. Norw. bailg skin stripped off (145 : 19), body of an animal 
after the skin has been stripped off, Dan. dial, balg id., also stomach 
(129 : 04) , MHG. bale Balg, Haut, Leib (verachtl.) . Cf . 103 : 03. 

Sack 

94:12. MHG. sac Sack, Tasche, Magensack (129:06), Bauch 
(103:09), der ganze Korper. Loan-word: Lat. saccus. 

94:13. MHG. hor-sac Kotsack: der verwesliche menschliche 
Korper. 

Cask, Keg 

94 : 14. Norw. kagge kleine Tonne, Lagel, Stapel, dicht zusammen- 
gepackte Masse, Wanst, dicker u. kurzer Korper: Sw., ODan. kagg 
keg, NE. keg, cag Lagel, kleines Boot, dial, auch Stumpf, ON. kogull 



98 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

lump, knuckle (69:10), finger tip (63:04), Sw. dial, koggel Erd- 
klumpen. F-T 483. 

Basket 

94:15. OE. leap basket, weel (for catching fish), a measure, 
trunk (of the body). 

(Life-) Dwelling 

94:16. MHG. hits Haus, Wohnung, Familie, Geschlecht: der 
menschliche Korper. 

94:17. OE. feorh-hus body: feorh life, soul+/ms house. 

94:18. OE. fer(h)p-loca body, breast (99:22): fer(h)p mind, 
spirit, life -\-loca inclosure, stronghold. 

94:19. OE. feorh-bold body: feorh life, sou\+bold dwelling, 
house, palace. 

94:20. OE. sawel-hus: body: sdwel soul -\-hus house. 

94:21. OE. ealder-geard body: ealder life, vitals -\-geard fence, 
inclosure, dwelling. 

Earth-Hoard, -Vessel 

94:22. OE. greot-hord body: greot earth, dust, sand -\-hord 
treasure, hoard, what is deposited. 

94:23. OE. eorp-fcet body: eorp earth +fcet vessel, casket, cup, 
pot. 

94:24. OE. lam-fcet body: lam clay, earth -\-fcet vessel. 

Bone-Vessel, -Dwelling 

94 : 25. OE. ban-feet body : ban bone (77 : 07) -{-feet vessel, casket, 
cup, pot. 

94 : 26. OE. ban-cofa body : ban bone (77 : 07) -\-cofa chamber. 

94:27. OE. ban-hus body: ban bone (77:07)+hus house. 

94 : 28. OE. ban-sele body : ban bone (77 : 07) +sele hall, dwelling, 
house. 

94:29. OE. ban-loca skin (145:16), body: ban bone (77:07) + 
loca inclosure, stronghold. 

Flesh-Hoard, -Covering, -Chamber 

94:30. OE. flcesc-hord body: floesc flesh, body, living creature 
(153: 12) +hord hoard. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 99 

94:31. OE. flcesc-hama body, flcesc flesh, etc. (153: 12) +hama 
dress, covering, womb (139:11). 

94:32. OE. flcesc-cofa body: flcesc flesh, etc. (153: 12) +cofa 
chamber. 

Timber, Frame 

94:33. MHG. gezimber, -zimmer Bauholz, Bau, Gebaude, 
Wohnung, bildl. der Leib. 

Rim, Frame 

94:34. MHG. zarge Seiteneinfassung, Zarge, bildl. menschl. 
Korper, als Schelte fur ein altes Weib, OHG. zarga Zarge, OE. targe, 
targa small shield: OBulg. po-dragu Rand, Gr. hpaaaoixai fasse, er- 
greife. Weigand 5 II, 1303; Prellwitz 2 121. 

Hull, Hollow 

94:35. Norw. skrov hull of a ship, body of an animal cut open, 
abdominal cavity, skrybbe hull, body, Sw. dial, skrov stomach (129: 
32), hollow body: Dan. skrog hull, body, carcass, Norw. skroven 
hollow, spongy, porous, NIcel. skrof snow-ice. Cf. 161:04. 

Curve, Hump 

94:36. MHG. rumph Rumpf, Leib, grosse, holzerne Schussel, 
MLG. rump Korper, langliches Gefass, Bienenkorb. Cf. 112:08. 

94:37. ON. bukr body, trunk, belly. Cf. 103:01. 

94:38. Norw. trjosk nostril of horse; trunk of the body. Cf. 
23:13. 

Rib 

94:39. MHG. rippe, ribbe, ribe Rippe, trop. fur Korper, Her- 
kunft, Geschlecht. Cf. 107:01. 

Trunk, Stump 

94 :40. Norw. skrot body, carcass, Dan. skrot, skrut, skrutte maw, 
belly (103:13), Sw. dial, skrott body, trunk, core, skrynta body, 
shoulder (97:20), Norw. skrott body, trunk, Ger. *skrent schneiden. 
F-T 1029. For mg. compare Lat. truncus. Cf. 145:40. 

94:41. ON., NIcel. krof, Shetl. krov cut up carcass of a slaugh- 
tered animal, Norw. krov the interior of a body, the intestinal cavity, 



100 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

a body from which the intestines have been removed: ON. kryfja 
open up, disembowel, NIcel. kryfja split, disembowel, dissect: ON. 
kurfr kort afhugget stykke, en stump, OE. cyrf cutting, ceorfan cut, 
excavate, engrave, tear, MLG. kerven einschneiden, einhauen, 
kerve Einschnitt, Stuck, Abteilung, MHG. kerben, etc., Gr. ypa0co 
engrave, write. Wood, MLN. XVI (1901), 306. 

Others connect with Gr. /3pe(/>os the child while yet in the womb, 
fetus, newborn babe, whelp, or cub, Skt. gdrbha-h Mutterleib, Leibes- 
frucht, ON. kroppr, etc. (cf. Boisacq, Diet. Et. 133 with references). 
But here the meanings are entirely different and can hardly be com- 
bined with those in ON. krof, etc. 

94:42. OSw. likstokkr body, trunk (of dead bodies): Ilk body 
(94: 01) -\-stokkr stock, stump. 

Slice 

94:43. OE. flcesc, flcec, OS. flesk flesh, body, MHG. vleisch unde 
bluot der menschliche Leib. Cf. 153:12. 

94:44. OE. hold carcass, body: ON., Norw. hold, etc., flesh. 
Cf. 153:14. 

94:45. ON. harund flesh (153:15), skin (145:29), body, mem- 
brum virile (141:69). Cf. 153:15. 

Shriveled Object 

94 : 46. Dan. dial, skrimpe body without head : skrummel uneven, 
knotty, gnarled, Dan. skrummel bulky, shapeless object, skrumpe 
shrink, shrivel, skrammel lumber, trumpery, NE. shrimp a little 
wrinkled person, dwarf, NHG. schrumpfen, MHG. schrimpfen 
einschrumpfen, runzeln, etc., ON. skreppa Ranzen, Lith. skramblys 
Magen. Cf . Wood, MLN. XVII, 10. 

94:47. ON. skrokkr body, carcass: Norw. skrukka wrinkle, 
furrow, Sw. skrynka wrinkle, skrynkla rumple, wrinkle, OE. scrincan 
shrink, contract, etc. 

Thin, Soft Part 

94:48. ON. lif body in the phrase: lif ok sdla body and soul, 
Sw., Dan. liv waist of the body (102:08), Dan. dial, also womb (139: 
29), OS. 11} Leib, OHG. Up, lib, MHG. Up Leib, Korper, Magen 
(129:01), OFris. Uf Leib, Person, Wergeld: OE., OS. lef schwach, 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 101 

gebrechlich, Lith. ttbas mager, laibas schlank, ChSl. libivu gracilis, 
Czech, libovy fleischig, ohne Fett, Serv. libiv fleischig, libovina Keule, 
Schlegel, Sloven, libovina, liblvo Dickfleisch ohne Knochen. Wood, 
MLN. XXIV, 49; Mod. Phil. II, 475; XI, 335. 

Cadaver 

94:49. OHG. cheibo, MHG. keibe Leichnam, Mensch der den 
Galgen verdient, auch als Schelte, Viehseuche, NHG. Als. keib Aas, 
schlechtes Pferd, *nagere Kuh, Schuft, Schelm (grobes Schimpf wort) , 
Lothr. keib Schelm, Schuft, Sonderling, MHG. keibic pestilens, Als. 
keibig in Folge von schlechter Behandlung struppig, elend, schlecht, 
verkeiben verhunzen, verderben, verleumden, verschwenden : ON. 
keifr schief, krumm, Norw. keiv id., keiva make crooked; sway, LG. 
kippen wanken, schwanken, umwerfen, Lett, gibt, geibt ohnmachtig, 
schwindelig werden, gaiba Faslerin, Torin. Wood, JEGPh. XIII, 
503. 

94:50. ON. hrde corpse, carrion, OE. hrcew, hraw, hreaw, hra 
body, corpse, carcass, trunk, OFris. hre, OS. hreo, OHG. (h)reo 
cadaver, funus, MHG. re Leichnam, Tod, Totung, Grab, Goth. 
hraiwa-dubo Turteltaube (Totentaube, Leichentaube) : Lith. krewas 
gewunden, schief, Russ. krivu krumm, schief: einaugig, falsch, Bulg. 
kriv krumm, schief, schuldig, OBulg. ras-kriviti krummen, Russ. 
krivii krummen, biegen, etc. Wood, MLN. XVIII, 15. 

Or primarily 'something cut up': ChSl. ras-krojiti wepLTefiveiv, 
-crxtfew', dissecare, Russ. kroit schneiden, zuschneiden, Serv. krojiti 
id., Slov. krojiti zerteilen, spalten, etc. Cf. Fick III 4 , 101. 

Bait 

94:51. OE. ties, OHG., MHG. as Fleisch eines toten Korpers, 
Aas, Koder, verachtl. fur Korper. Cf. 153:21. 

94:52. OSw. azl, Sw. atel, Dan. aadsel Aas, Sw. also Lockspeise: 
Norw. aat Fressen, was frisst, ON. at Fressen, Speise, dta Fressen, 
Nahrung. 

Dead Object 

94:53. ON. daud-yfli lifeless thing, carcass: Goth, daupubleis 
zum Tode bestimmt, the suffix -ubleis possibly connected with ubils, 
E. evil (Grienberger, Unters. p. 55)? Cf. 153:07. 



102 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

94:54. Dan. dfidning corpse, dead body, ghost, specter: 
death, MHG. tote Leichnam, tot-slac Totschlag: der Leichnam eines 
Erschlagenen. 

94:55. Goth, naus, ON. ndr, OE. neo corpse: Lett, ndwe death, 
ndvet kill, Pruss. nowis rump, OBulg. navi corpse. 

94:56. OE. wcel the slain, also a single corpse: ON. voir slain, 
OS. wal, in wal-ddd id., OHG. wal strages, clades: OE. wot Pest, OS. 
wot Verderben, OHG. wuol Verderben, Niederlage: Lith. velys tot, 
vlles die Geister der Verstorbenen, velukas Gespenst. F-T 1344. 

Pest 

94:57. MHG. schelme, schcelme Pest, Seuche, toter Korper, 
Aas: OHG. scalmo, scelmo Seuche, MLG. schelm cadaver, ON. 
skelmis-drep plague, murrain, Gr. cr/ceXXco trockne aus, dorre, VKeXeros 
ausgetrocknet, trocken, durr, cncKypos trocken, etc. Fick III 4 , 459. 

Row 

94:58. Sw. dial, ra body, radd skeleton of animals (161:05). 

Foot-Part 

94:59. ON. fotahlutr the lower half of the trunk: fotr foot 
(83:03) -\-hlutr lot, share, part. 

Head-Part 

94:60. ON. hgfdahlutr the upper half of the trunk: hofud head 
(1: 27) -{-hlutr lot, share, part. 

94:61. MHG. korper, korper, korpel Korper, Leichnam. From 
Lat. corpus. 

94:62. Sw. slang kork: body, lit. cork. Perhaps a corruption 
of korp (94:61). 

94:63. MHG. curs Korper. From French corps. 

95. Clavicle 
Shoulder (Bone) 

95:01. ESw. hdrdben clavicle: hard shoulder (97:08) -\-ben bone 
(77:07). 

95:02. ESw. hdrdskuldra clavicle: hard shoulder (97:08) + 
skuldra shoulder (97:02). 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 103 

Collar Bone 

95:03. Sw. dial, krageben, Dan. dial, kraveben clavicle: Sw. 
krage, Dan. krave collar -{-ben bone (77:07). 

Lock Bone 

95:04. Dan. dial, lykkeben clavicle: Dan. lukke shut, close, 
ON. luka, Goth, galukan id.+Dan. ben bone, leg (77:07). 

Knot Bone 

95:05. Sw. nyckelben, Dan. nfigleben clavicle, Shetl. njuggelben 
bones in the head of fish, clavicle: ON. hnykill knot, tumor, knykill 
small knot, protuberance +Sw., Dan. ben bone, leg (77:07). 

The Opposite Bone 

95:06. ON., NIcel. vidbein, ON. vid-beina collar-bone, clavicle: 
ON., NIcel. vid against, OE. wip against, opposite: wipo-ban shoulder 
blade (96:03), NE. withers, NHG. Widerrist (98:02). For ON. 
bein bone, leg cf . 77 : 07. 

Courting-Hook 

95:07. Dan. dial, gilliekrog collar bone of a frog: gillie court 
(a woman), ON. gilia beguile (a woman), Goth, gailjan erfreuen, 
Dan. krog hook, crook. Cf. 142:26. 

Fork Bone 

95:08. Sw. klavben clavicle: ON. klafi a kind of a fork put on 
a cow's neck, OSw., Sw. klave a wooden or iron collar by which the 
cattle is tied to the stall. For ben bone cf. 77:07. 

95:09. Dan. dial, gaffelben clavicle: gaff el iovk+ben bone 

(77:07). 

96. Scapula 
Shoulder Blade 

96:01. ON. herdarblafi scapula: herdar shoulders, the upper 
part of the back (97:08)+&toff leaf, blade. 

Slab, Board 

96:02. Sw. dial, hard-skid, 'erd-skajd scapula: hard, J erd 
shoulder (97 : OS) -\- skid thin slab, board, skajd, Sw. sked spoon, ON. 



104 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

skeid a weaver's reed, sley, OE. scapel ( t) (Sweet has short a) weaving 
implement: Goth, skaidan, etc., separate: ON. skeid space of time, 
piece of way, skid billet of wood, ski, Norw. ski, Sw. skida ski. 

96:03. OHG. skerte scapula, Schuiterblatt (Schnitt, Scheibe): 
scart zerhauen, sceran abschneiden. Schade 2 790. 

The Opposite Bone 

96:04. OE. wipo-ban shoulder blade (NE. wish-bone, *with- 
bone. Wood, Mod. Phil II, 4, 476). Cf. 95:06. For OE. ban 
bonecf. 77:07. 

Bunch, Hump, Knot 

96:05. ON. herdr, OHG. harti, herti, MHG. herte Schuiterblatt 
(97:08). 

96:06. Shetl. hjogelben scapula, especially the projecting part 
of it next to the collar bone (perhaps for *hjokl< *jokl< *okl: ON. 
gxl shoulder): Shetl. jokl, jokel knot, corner (in the mountains), 
especially in proper names in Shetland (Jakobsen 301). Cf. also 
Far. htfkil, 96:07. 

Scapulae or Clavicles? 
Bend, Hook, Corner 

96:07. Far. hfikil the two bones (together with the flesh) near 
the shoulder of a slaughtered animal. Cf. 81:01. 

97. Shoulder 
Turning-Point, Axis 

97:01. ON. gxl shoulder joint, shoulder: gxull axle, Sw. axel, 
Dan. aksel shoulder, axle, OE. eaxl, OS. ahsla, OHG. ahsala, MHG. 
ahsele, ahsel shoulder: OE. eax axle-tree, axis, OHG. ahsa Achse, 
Lat. axis Achse, Gr. d^cov id., Lat. axilla Achselhohe, ala Flugel, 
ago treiben, fiihren. Cf. Walde 2 79, 22 with references. 

Curve 

97:02. Sw. skuldra, Dan. skulder shoulder, perhaps from MLG. 
schulder, OE. sculdor, OFris. skulder, OHG. scultirra, MHG. schulter 
shoulder: Gr. aiceXos Schenkel, eig. Biegung, Fussbeuge, oTceXts 
Hinterfuss, Hiifte, <tk6\los, GKah-qvos krumm, Lat. scelus Bosheit, 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 105 

Verruchtheit, Verbrechen, OHG. scelah, OE. scealh, NHG. scheel, 
ON. skjdlgr wry, oblique. Cf. Walde 2 685. 

97:03. OE. middel-gescyldru part between the shoulders: 
middel middle, center, midst -\-gescijldru (97:02). 

Curve, Hump 

97:04. ON. bogr, Norw., Sw. bog, Dan. bov Bug, armus, OE. 
bog, boh Schulter, Arm (50:08), Zweig, MLG. boch Bug, Keule, 
Schulter, OHG. buog, puog, MRG ,buoc Schulter, Bug, Hufte (116:06), 
Knie (80:04), NHG. Bug: Gr. irrjxvs Unterarm, Ellenbogen, Skt. 
bahu-h Arm, Vorderfuss (Schade 2 90): MHG. bilegan biegen, ON. 
baga noget som er forkeert el. fordreiet, something which is distorted 
or drawn out of place, bgguligr forkeert, vrang, fordreiet, klodset, 
distorted, twisted, drawn out of place, clumsy, Goth, bagms Baum, 
Lith. bazmas Menge, Masse. Wood, Mod. Phil XI, 324. 

97:05. Shetl. gtffbi the bent forepart of the back: ON. kryppa 
hump, curvature of the back. Jakobsen. Cf. 110:03. 

97 : 06. Norw. kryplor, pi. the upper part of the forepart of the 
body, especially the region of the shoulders. Cf . 97 : 05. 

Mass, Hump, Bunch 

97:07. Goth, ams Schulter: ON. ass Bergriicken: Gr. co/jos 
Schulter (<*omso-s), Lat. umerus (<*omeso-s), Skt. qsa-h Schulter. 
Fick III 4 , 16 f.; Walde 2 850 with references. Perhaps from the 
root *raes-, mos- in OHG. maseron knorrig werden, masar knorriger 
Auswuchs an Baumen, masala Blutgeschwulst, masa Narbe, Gr. 
firjpos (*mesro-) the upper, fleshy part of the thigh, ham, etc. (W.). 
Cf . Mod Phil XI, 315. Cf . 153 : 01. 

97:08. ON. herdar, pi. shoulders, the upper part of the back, 
OSw. hcerft, Sw. hard shoulder: Gr. Kporcovq an excrescence, knot on 
trees, Kporacfros the brow of a mountain, the head, knob of a hammer, 
Lat. cartildgo der Knorpel im tierischen Korper, Olr. certle Knauel. 
Walde 2 135, but not Russ. kortyski; cf. Berneker, El Wb. 671. 

97:09. Sw. dial, hdraklint upper part of the back near the 
shoulder blade: Sw. hard shoulder (97 : 08) -\-klint cliff, declivity, 
dial, bump or curvature on the foot or the hand, ON. klettr Klippe. 
Cf. 6:05. 



106 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

97:10. Sw. dial, kashala shoulders: has heap, droppings (of 
cattle) -{-hala, hdla } Sw. hard shoulder (97:08). Compare kasfyr 
(112:21). 

Swelling 

97:11. Bornh. boste shoulder of swine, ON. beysti Schinken, 
Norw. bfiyste Fleischstuck, Bug: MHG. bus schwellende Fiille (Fick 
IIP, 276), Sw. dial, bus-lagg thigh, shank, calf of the leg. Cf. 76:06. 

97 : 12. Norw. kvidaal, kvedaal, kveaal, kvceaal shoulder of swine, 
flesh of the belly cut into narrow strips: ON. kvidr belly, abdomen 
(103:05), womb+Norw. aal sprout, strip, streak. Cf. 139:04. 

Walking Limb 

97:13. Norw. ganglim shoulder or thigh (76:03) of an animal: 
ganga ws\k+Um limb (75:01). 

Shoulder Chest 

97 : 14. Sw. dial, hala-kista, hala-kista the upper part of the back 
between the shoulders: hdla, hala, Sw. hard shoulder (97: 08) -\-kista 
chest, box. 

Shoulder-Separation 

97:15. Sw. dial, hdr-skilja the space between the shoulder 
blades of man: hdr, Sw. hard shoulder (97:08) -\-skilja separate. 

97:16. Sw. dial, hdr-skillra id. 

Wing-Support 

97:17. Sw. vingakrank, -krdnk shoulder, arm (in jest) (50:07): 
Sw. vinge wing (72:04)-f-Sw. dial, krdnk, krdnk stand, stillion, Norw. 
krekkja, krakk stool, stand, stillion. 

97:18. Sw. dial, banldgg foreshoulder of cattle: ban f+Sw. 
Idgg calf of the leg (79:01). 

Slab 

97:19. OHG. (skerti), skerte, only in dat. pi. scapula, Schulter- 
blatt, Schulter (Schade 2 790) . Cf . 96 : 03. 

Trunk, Stump 

97 : 20. Sw. dial, skrynta body, shoulder. Cf . 94 : 40. 



older germanic and scandinavian 107 

98. Withers 
Shoulder-Comb 

98:01. NIcel. herda-kambur withers: herdar shoulders (97:08) 
-\-kambur comb, card, crest, ridge, bank. 

98:02. Dan. viderrist withers (from German Widerrist ?) . 

99. Breast, Bosom, Lap 
Projection 

99:01. Goth, skauts Schoss, Saum, ON. skaut corner of a square 
cloth, of a sail or sheet, flap, skirt of a cloak, lap, kerchief, hood, 
NIcel. skaut id., Sw. skote, skot, Dan. skj0d lap, bosom, OE. sceat 
corner, angle, projection, promontory, nook, region, lap, bosom, 
surface of the earth, garment, cloak, napkin, fold, sceata corner, 
angle, lower corner of a sail: bosom, lap. OFris. skat, MLG. schot 
Zipfel des Gewandes, Schoss, OHG. scoz, scozo, scoza, MHG. schoz 
Kleidschoss, Rockschoss, Schoss, Lett, skaudre scharfe Kante, Lith. 
skudrus scharf . Zupitza 153. 

Swelling, Bulge 

99:02. ON. bringa chest, brisket, NIcel. bringa chest, brisket; 
grassy slope, Norw., Sw. bringa, Dan. bringe chest, brisket, OE. bringe 
chest (?) (Sweet), bring-adl epilepsy (?) (Sweet): MHG. brangen, 
prangen prangeD , prahlen (swell up): Skt. brjiati, bfhdti kraftigt, 
starkt, brhdnt- dick, stark, hoch. Wood, Mod. Phil. XI, 327. Or 
Lith. brankd Anschwellen, brinkti (durch Nasse) schwellen, Lett. 
brankti fest anliegend, Lith. brukti in eine Spalte einzwangen, 
drangen, Lat. far do stopfe voll, Gr. <£parrco umfriedige. Cf. Fick 
IIP, 279. 

90:03. Sw. dial, bricka breast, brecka breast, tray: Sw. bricka 
block (in games), tray, brink, declivity, brim, edge of a precipice, 
hill in Stockholm, Dan. brink declivity, brim, edge of a precipice, 
strand, MLG. brink hill, strand, balk, headland, meadow, grass plot, 
especially elevated or uneven, NE. brink, NIcel., Norw. brekka brink, 
declivity (Tamm 58 and 59), MDu. bronken stolz sein, pochen, 
murrisch sein (swell up). Wood, Mod. Phil. XI, 327. 

99:04. Goth, barms Schoss, Busen, ON. barmr, NIcel. barmur, 
Norw., Sw., Dan. barm bosom, OE. bearm bosom, lap, OS., OHG. 



108 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

barm Schoss, Busen: ON. barmr brim, rim, NIcel. barmur brim, 
edge, barmfullur brimful, Norw. barm edge, border, OSw. bram 
Staat, Pomp, Sw. dial, brama sich brtisten, prunken, Norw. brama 
prangen NHG. Steir. bram Saum, Rand, MLG. brem Verbramung, 
OE. brymme border, brim, etc. Wood, Mod. Phil. XI, 326. Or to 
root bher- bear. 

Goth, barms, etc., as above: Goth, bairan tragen: Skt. bharman- 
Unterhalt, Biirde, Gr. </>op/*6s Tragekorb; ^epfxa Leibesfrucht, OBulg. 
breme. Biirde, Dan. dial, baarm as much as a man can bear. Schade 2 41. 

99:05. Goth, brusts, pi., OFris. brust, OHG. brust, ON. brjost, 
Sw. brost, Dan. bryst, OE. breost, OFris. briast, OS. briost breast: 
MHG. briustern aufschwellen, Norw. brusa sich ausbreiten, sich 
bauschen, NLG. brusen neue Schosslinge treiben, sich ausbreiten, 
NHG. brauschen aufschwellen, Norw. bruse Wacholder, Bock mit 
Haarbuschel an der Stirn, OS. brustian Knospen treiben, MHG. 
sich brusten stolz tun, etc. Wood. Mod. Phil. XI, 329. 

99:06. OE. bosm, bosom, bosum bosom, breast, womb (139:02), 
OFris. bosm, MLG. bosem, busem, bbsme, OHG. buosum, puosum, 
puosam, MHG. buosem, buosen Busen: Norw. bas (clump) little 
bush, Skt. bhasdt Hinterteil, bhdstra Schlauch, Balg. Wood, IE. 
of, 52. Fick III 4 , 272 refers the word to Germ. *bogu Bug, armus 
(97:04). 

99:07. ON. kelta, kjalta lap, OSw. kilta gremium, sinus. Cf. 
139:03. 

99:08. Sw. dial, skdcka gremium. Perhaps related to MHG. 
schoc, -ekes Haufe, Btischel, schoehe aufgeschichteter Haufe Heu, 
schochen aufhaufen, NE. shock (of corn). 

99:09. Shetl. bulk knot, bunch, small hump: breast, bosom, 
armpit (52 : 09) : ON. bulki bunch, knot. 

99 : 10. Shetl. briskatilli breast part of a cow : ON. brjosk carti- 
lage (159:01), Norw. tylling clump. 

99:11. ESw. fuggor, pi. hidden things, bosom, lap: faggor 
hidden things, belongings, NIcel. foggur baggage, things, Norw. 
fugge pack, bundle, jagg bundle. 

99 : 12. Sw. dial, hyppja bosom, lap, hyppja carry something in 
the lap, the uplifted shirt or apron, Norw. hypja wrap, fold, rock up 
and down, ON. hjupr a kind of doublet, hjupa shroud (a corpse). 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 109 

Curve, Bend 

99:13. OHG. hiufila, hufila hufel, MHG. hiufel, hufel Wange, 
Backe, weibliche Brust (Schade 2 403). Cf. 35:05. 

Sack 

99:14. OE. hreper breast, womb (139:07), heart (120:07), 
mind. Cf. 142:09. 

Embrace, Hold 

99 : 15. Norw., Sw. farnn, Dan. favn fathom, ON. fadmr embrace, 
fathom, bosom, OE. fcepm outstretched arms, embrace, bosom, lap, 
womb (139:10), envelopment, interior, midst, grasp, control, power, 
protection, expanse, cubit, fathom, OFris. fethem Klafter, OHG. 
Jadam, fadum, MHG. vadem, vaden Faden: Gr. ireravvvixi breite aus, 
izerakov Blatt, Platte, irerakos ausgebreitet, Lat. patere offenstehen, 
patulus often, ausgebreitet. Walde 2 565 with references. 

99:16. ON., Norw. fang, Sw. dial, fagn grasp, hold, the space 
between the arms, the breast and arms: Goth, fdhan fangen, ON. fa 
grasp with the hands, get hold of, Norw. faa, Sw. fa get, receive, OE. 
fon, OS., OHG. fdhan fangen. 

Flap, Fold 

99:17. ESw. siring tip, bosom, lap: Sw. dial. (Rietz) siring 
swinging, turning, bend, tip of a flap or kerchief: svinge swing. 
99 : 18. OE. wellyrge, wellere bosom, fold, hollow. 

Hollow 

99:19. OE. greada bosom, sinus, gremium: OE. grutt gulf, 
abyss, Sw. gryt Steinhaufe, Hohle, gryta Topf , ON. gryta Topf, Hafen, 
Graben, Dan. gryde Topf. Wood, Mod. Phil. I, 237. 

99:20. ON. hoi hollow, cavity, especially cavity of the body: 
hit efra hoi the upper cavity: the cavity of the chest. 

Inner Part 

99 : 21. OE. innop, innap inner part of the body, inside : stomach, 
womb (139:01), bowels, breast, heart. 

Life-Inclosure, Chamber 

99:22. OE. fer(h)p-loca, fyrhp-loca soul's inclosure: body 
(94: 18), breast, feorhloca life's inclosure: breast. 



110 PAETS OF THE BODY IN 

99:23. OE. gewit-loca container of intelligence: mind, pectus. 

99:24. OE. ferhp-cleofa life's chamber, cell: breast. 

99:25. OE. fer(h)p-cofa life's chamber: breast. 

99:26. OE. breost-cofa breast chamber: thorax: breost (99:05). 

99:27. OE. in-cofa inner chamber: breast, heart. 

99:28. OE. gast-cofa spirit's chamber, animi cubile: pectus. 

99:29. OE. run-cofa chamber of the secret counsel: mind, 
breast. 

99:30. OE. hreper-cofa breast chamber: breast. Cf. 99:14. 

99:31. OE. hreper-loca breast inclosure: breast. Cf. 99:14. 

Bone-House 

99 : 32. OE. ban-Ms bone house : chest, body. Cf . 94 : 27. For 
ban bone cf . 77 : 07. 

Shoulder Box 

99:33. Sw. dial, hdrakass thorax: hdr shoulder -\-kass box? 
Sw. kasse sl kind of basket. 

Chest 

99:34. MHG. kaste Kasten, Behalter, bewohntes Haus: weibl. 
Brust, Magen (129:20), Stirn (6:08), NE. chest. 

Breathing-Place 

99:35. Far. andarum place for drawing breath: chest: anda 
breath -\-rum place, room. 

Front (Part of the) Trunk 

99:36. OE. foran-bodig chest: foran in front, before, bodig 
trunk, body (94:07). 

99:37. OE. ribb-spacan the brisket: ribb rib (107: 01) +spaca 
spoke of a wheel. 

99 : 38. Norw. kj0tsvaan the front part of the breast. 

Breast-Piece 

99:39. ESw. brostbete breast of animals: brost breast (99:05) + 
bete bit, piece. 

Breast-Piece, -Bunch, -Top 

99:40. Norw. bringeklut front part of the breast: bringe breast 
(99 : 02) -\-klut, Dan. klud rag, clout. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 111 

99:41. Norw. bringekoll front part of the breast in beasts, 
Far. bringakollur breast-piece of a slaughtered animal: bringa breast 
(99:02)+Norw. koll top, head (1:15). 

99:42. NIcel. bring-smalir, -spalir, pi. -spelir the lower part of 
the chest : jeg hef verk fyrir bring-spolunum I have pain in my chest, 
ON. bringspglr, pi. bringspelir the cartilaginous parts by which the 
lowest ribs are joined to the thorax (159 : 15) : bringa breast (99 : 02) -f- 
spglr Gitterwerk, Spalier. 

99:43. OE. fele-ferp Brust, Magen (Thone 45). 

100. Breastbone 
Crust 

100:01. Shetl. krubbi breastbone of a fowl, Norw. krabbe breast, 
cartilage (159:11), breastplate: ON. krabbi crab (crusted animal), 
Norw. krav crust of ice, krave crust over with ice. Cf . Wood, MLN. 
XXIV, 46. 

Sharp-Breast 

100:02. ESw. skarpbrost breastbone: skarp sharp +Sw. brost 
breast (99:05). 

Crow 

100:03. Norw. kraaka crow, gable-head, beam of a loom, 
breastbone of a swine (159:17), cartilage in a hoof, Sw. dial, krdka 
crow, spare rib (107:07). 

Spring-Goose 

100:04. Sw. dial, spring-gas breastbone of a goose, lit. spring- 
goose. 

101. Nipple 
Lump, Swelling 

101:01. Norw., Sw. dial, pappe nipple, ME. pappe, NE. pap 
Brustwarze: MLG. pap Mehlbrei fiir Kinder, MHG. pap, peppe id., 
NE. pap Mehlsuppe fiir Kinder: LG. pampen sich mit Essen voll- 
stopfen, Norw. vulg. parapet ubersattigt, Sw. dial, pampen aufge- 
blasen, Dan. dial, pampe sich briisten: Lett, bamba Kugel, Gr. /3e7>c/3i£ 
Heultopf. 

101:02. Sw. dial, pappa-slicken the nipple: pappe (101:01), 
pappa suck-j-s^/c/c, Sw. slicka, Norw. slikke lick, slikk, slik a trifle. 



112 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

101:03. Sw. patt, Dan. patte nipple, udder. F-T 818 connect 
with Dan. arsbatte Arschbacke, Sw. dial, batt kleine Hohe, Haufen, 
NHG. Batzen Klumpen einer klebrigen Masse, batzen sich ballen, 
batzig, patzig hoffartig, hochmiitig. The connection presupposes that 
patte has p from papp. 

101:04. ON. spent teat, dug, Norw., Sw. spene id., MHG. 
spen id., Muttermilch, OE. spane Brustwarze, NHG. Spanferkel 
sucking pig, OHG. spunni, MHG. spune, spiinne Brustwarze, Milch 
derselben, OE., OHG. spartan locken, Lith. spenys Saugwarze, 
Zapfchen im Halse, spenelis Ohrlappchen, IE. *sphe- sich ausdehnen, 
schwellen, strotzen: Skt. sphdyati wird feist, nimmt zu. 

101:05. ESw. kicka udder, mamma, kicke udder: kickelverk 
rickety, unsteady object, kickla lump of flour, Norw. kygla big lump, 
NIcel. kekkr, kikkr lump (of dough, etc.), ESw. kickla totter, move, 
climb over something, laugh provokingly. 

101:06. MHG. buoben weibl. Brtiste: Germ. *boban- clump, 
lump: lumpish fellow, clod, undersized person, boy: ON. bofi knave, 
rogue, MLG. bove Bube, MHG. buobe Knabe, Diener, zuchtloser 
Mensch, Russ. bobu, OPruss. babo Bohne, Lat. faba bean. Wood, 
Mod. Phil. XI, 324. 

101:07. ON. jugr (g<d), Norw. juver, jur, Sw. juver, Dan. 
yver udder, OFris. jader, OS. geder, MLG. jedder Euter, OE., OS. 
uder, MLG. uder, OHG. utar, utiro Euter, Skt. udhar, Gr. ovdap, 
Lat. uber id. : Lith. udruti eutern, trachtig sein, OBulg. vymq Euter 
(from *udhmen-)j Russ. udit, udei anschwellen. 

101:08. Sw. dial, ogene udder of a mare when she has a colt, 
ukar udder of a sow or a dog. Probably same as 101:07. 

101 : 09. Sw. dial, suite nipple: svalla swell, sollin, sullen swollen, 
suit, syll swelling, sullme id., sullna swell (as a boil), ON. svella, OE. 
swellan, OHG. swellan, NE. swell 

101:10. OHG. warza varix, verruca, mamma, papilla, MHG. 
warze, werze Warze, Brustwarze, MLG. wwrte id., ON. varta, OE. 
wearte wart: ChSl. vredu Geschwiir, Russ. veredu, Pol. wrzod id., 
etc. (Wood JEGPh. XIII, 507): Lat. varus, Lith. viras, Ir. ferb 
Finne, etc., Mikkola, Urslav. Gr. 94. Cf. 33:01, 33:02. 

101:11. Sw. dial, patte-varta nipple: patte (101:03) +varta 
(101:10). 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 113 

Spear-Wart 

101:12. ON. geir-varta mannl. od. weibl. Brustwarze, NIcel. 
geirvarta nipple (of a man): ON. geirr Spiess -\-varta Warze, etc. 
(101:10). 

Breast-Fountain or -Swelling 

101 : 13. OE. breost-wylm teat, lit. either breast-fountain (wylm 
flowing) or breast-swelling. Compare fot-welm (89:06). For breost 
cf. 99:05. 

Soft, Moist Pear 

101:14. Sw. dial, blat-pdrer female breast: blaut, Mat soft, 
moist, Sw. blot wet, ON. blautr soft, moist+Sw. dial, para pear, 
potato, Sw. par on pear. 

Flap 

101:15. MHG. milch-wempel mamma: wambe Bauch, Wanst, 
besonders Mutterleib. Cf. 103:12. 

101:16. Norw., Sw. tatte teat, udder, breast: Icel. tdta Saug- 
lappen (Fick III 4 , 154) : ON. tgtrar tatters, OE. tcsttec rag, OHG. 
zata Zotte. 



101 : 17. Sw. dial, datte teat, breast. 

101:18. Dan. dial, qvege, qvcege udder of sheep: Dan. kvcege 
erquicken, laben, MLG. queken beleben, ernahren, OS. dquikon, 
OE. cwician zum Leben kommen oder bringen. 

Milk-Breast 

101:19. Dan. dial, melkefang udder: melk milk+fang breast 
(99:15). 

Milk-Shop 

101:20. Sw. slang: mjolkmagasin female breast: mjolk milk+ 
magasin depot, store, shop. 

Suckler 

101 : 21. Sw. dial, del, ddl Zitze (an Tieren), OE. delu Brustwarze, 
Zitze, OHG. tila weibl. Brust, ON. dilkr Junges: Ir. del (*dilo-) 



114 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Zitze, Lett, dile saugendes Lamm od. Kalb, Gr. #77X17 Mutterbrust, 
Lat. felare saugen, Skt. dhdyati saugt, Goth, daddjan saugen, OHG. 
taen id., etc. Walde 2 280 f. with references. 

101:22. ESw. didd mamma: Sw. dia give the breast to, OSw. 
dla suck. Cf. 101:21. 

101:23. ESw. mass, massa mamma: avmassad licked off, 
Norw. mossa suck, ESw. massla work slowly. 

Point, Tip 

101 : 24. Norw. titta udder, OE. titt teat, tittig Zitze (Thone 108), 
MHG. zitze weibl. Brustwarze, Saugwarze, MLG. title Zitze, tittel, 
NE. tittle a particle, minute part, NIcel. tittur tack, pin. Wood, IE. 
a x , 68. 

101:25. Norw., Sw. dial, tutte Frauenbrust, Zitze, MHG. zutzel 
Sauglappen: OHG. zota Zotte, ON. tuta projecting point, NIcel. tota 
point, toe of a shoe, toti snout (23:09), nozzle, totta sack, Sw. tuta tip 
of a glove, ON. tutla zupfen, pflucken, OHG. zota Zotte. Wood, IE. 
a x , 68. 

101:26. OHG. tutla, tuta, tutte, tuta, tutti, MHG. tutte, tute 
Brustwarze, weibl. Brust: MHG. tutel Punkt, EFris. dotte Klumpen, 
Biischel, Zotte, Norw. dodd, dott tuft, wisp, little heap, OE. dott 
speck, head (of boil), NE. dot. Wood, Mod. Phil. XI, 333. 

101 : 27. MHG. tilttels gransel kleine Brustwarze: grdnsel, dimin. 
of grans snout. Cf . 23 : 18. 

101:28. ESw. pattnabb mamma: patt mamma: patta pour a 
little with a spoon, nurse: Sw. patt (101:03)+na&& promontory, 
point, corner. 

101:29. ESw. snatt, snott mamma, beak of a cap: snut corner, 
point, snutt snout. Cf. 23:25. 

101:30. Norw. tissa, Sw. dial, tiss mamilla: tissa lactare. 

Something to Be Stroked 

101:31. OE. stricel strickle, implement for smoothing corn in a 
measure, that from which liquid flows, breast that gives milk: strican 
strike, stroke, Lat. strigilis scraper, strickle. 

101:32. OE. tit-stricel nipple of the breast: titt teat (101:24) + 
stricel (101:31). 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 115 

Goat 

101:33. Sw. dial, git goat: breast (mamma). 

Kid 

101:34. Sw. dial, kille kid: breast (mamma): Norw. kille kid. 

Cousins 

101:35. Sw. slang kusinerna female breast, lit. the cousins. 

Twins 

101:36. Sw. slang tvillingar female breast, lit. the twins. Com- 
pare Salomos Hoga Wisa IV, 5: "Din tu brost aro sasom twa unga 
ratwillingar." 

Miscellaneous 

101 : 37. Sw. dial, drilla teat of a sow. 
101:38. Sw. dial, sikk, ESw. sicke mamma. 
101 : 39. Sw. dial, seja udder of a sow. 
101 : 40. Dan. dial, stole, staal teats of the mare. 

102. Waist 
Middle 

102:01. Norw. midja middle, waist, Sw. midja waist, Dan. 
midje middle, waist; Goth, miduma, ON. mjgdm Hufte (116:12): 
Lat. medius middle. 

Middle Body 

102:02. Norw. midliv middle, waist: mid- middle -\--liv body 

(94:48). 

Bend 

102:03. MHG. gelenke Gelenk, Taille, Biegung, Falte: lenken 
biegen, wenden, richten. 

102:04. Sw. dial, svange arch of the foot (88:01), waist of the 
body, groin. Cf. 119:03. 

Pit, Hollow 

102:05. Dan. kule pit, hollow: waist. Compare hjertekule pit 
of the stomach, lit. pit of the heart (130:01). 



116 PAETS OF THE BODY IN 

Belt 

102:06. Sw. dial, bdlte belt: waist. 

Belt-Place 

102:07. NIcel. beltis-stadur , Sw. bdltestad waist, NIcel. belti, 
Sw. bdlte belt, girdle + NIcel. stadur, Sw. stod place, spot. 

Thin, Soft Part 

102:08. Sw., Dan. liv waist of the body. Cf. 94:48. 

103. Belly 
Curve, Hump 

103 : 01. ON. bukr body, trunk (94 : 37), belly, Sw. buk, Dan. bug 
belly, OE. bite stomach (129:02), pitcher, OFris. buk, MLG. buk 
Bauch, Rumpf, OHG. bith, NHG. bitch Bauch, Magen, Rumpf 
(112:07), MDu. buuc, id., also swelling, puff, beehive, MHG. buch, 
bitch Schlegel, Keule, Skt. bitja-h Arm, Russel des Elephanten, Ast, 
bhugnd-h gebogen, gekrtimmt. Uhlenbeck, Ai. Wb. 202; Wood, 
MLN. XIX, 4. 

Swelling 

103:02. ON. bumbr belly, rumen (131:04), bumba drum, NIcel. 
bumba drum, bulge (of a cask), belly (of a flask), Sw. dial, bambej thick 
and clumsy (Rz), NE. bum. Cf. Wood, MLN. XXIX, 69. Cf. 
104:01. 

Swelling, Sack 

103:03. ESw. bolla, bdlla, bodge belly, stomach (129:04), Norw. 
bcelg skin stripped off (145:19), body of an animal after the skin is 
stripped off (94:11), OE. belg, belig, bylg, bylig, bilig bulge, budget, 
bag, purse, bellows, pod, husk, belly: Goth, balgs, ON. belgr Schlauch: 
OE. belgan, OHG. belgan (aufschwellen) zornig sein, ON. bolgenn 
geschwollen, belgja aufschwellen machen: Gall, bulga Ledersack, 
Olr. bolg Sack, bolgaim schwelle, Cymr. bol, bola, boly Bauch. 

103:04. Dan. dial, skobcelg swollen stomach or belly of people 
who have overeaten: sko shoe+bcelg belly, stomach (103:03). 

103 : 05. ON. kvidr belly, abdomen, womb. Cf . 139 : 04. 

103:06, OHG. wanast, MHG. wanst Wanst, Bauch, Bauch- 
sttick. Cf. 134:02. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 117 

103:07. Sw. dial, kyl large stomach (129:03), belly, bag, sack, 
kylla scrotum (143:03) : ON. kula knob, boss, ball, kyli boil, abscess, 
kyll bag, kyllir scrotum, MLG. kule Beule, Hode, Hohlung, Grube, 
MHG. kule Kugel, Keule, MHG. kiule, NHG. Keule, Gr. yvakov 
Hohlung, Wolbung, yvaXas Becher, yv\ios Tornister. Cf. Fick III 4 , 
96. 

103:08. MHG. rans Bauch, Wanst: Du. ranzel Tragesack, 
NHG. Ranzen Bauch, Tragesack zum Umhangen. 

103:09. MHG. sac Sack, Tasche, Magensack, Bauch, Korper. 
Loan-word: Lat. saccus. 

Basket 

103:10. Norw. krel, krcel, krcedl stomach, belly. Cf. 129:18. 

Crammed or Stuffed Object 

103:11. Bornh. pampa stomach, belly. Cf. 129:26. 

Flap, Wrapper 

103: 12. Goth, wamba Bauch, Leib, ON. vgmb, Dan. vom Bauch, 
Wanst, Sw. vam rumen (131 :02), OE. wamb stomach (129:29), womb 
(139:08), OFris. wamme, MLG. wamme, OHG. wamba, wampa, 
wumba, MHG. wambe, wampe, wamme Bauch, Wanst, bes. Mutter- 
leib, MHG. wempel weibl. Schamteile (143:29): Skt. vapd Einge- 
weidehaut. Wood, MLN. XV, 98. 

Trunk, Stump 

103:13. Dan. skrot, skrut, skrutte maw, belly. Cf. 94:40. 

Skin 

103:14. OE. hrif, rif womb (139:09), belly, OFris. rif, ref id., 
OHG. href, ref Leib, Mutterleib, OE. mid-hrif diaphragm (105:07), 
Germ. *hrifa- skin: OE. gehrifnian tear, seize, ON. hrif a kratzen, 
nach etwas greifen, EFris. rif en zerreissen, ChSl. krajati scindere, 
Lett, krijat schinden, krija Baumrinde, Lat. corium skin, hide (W.). 
Cf. 105:09; 105:10. 

Matrix (Cover?) 

103:15. OHG. muodar alvus, Bauch einer Schlange, MHG. 
muoder, miieder, Bauch, rundlicher Leib, Leibesgestalt, Oberflache 



118 PAKTS OF THE BODY IN 

des Korpers, Haut (145:21), Leibchen, Mieder, OLG. moder, OFris. 
mother Brustbinde der Frauen: Gr. /jiyrpa Gebartmutter, Mutterleib, 
Lat. matrix, id., Zuchttier. Cf. Walde 2 469. 

Cartilage 

103:16. ON. flag-brjosk Knorpel am Brustbein, abdomen. Cf. 
159:01. 

Suckler 

103 : 17. Sw. dial, ddl belly of a sow. Cf . 101 : 21. 

103:18. Sw. dial, dallbakke the lowest and middle part of a 
sow's belly or neckpiece of a slaughtered swine (41:15): doll, ddl 
udder (101:21)+6afcfce back (111:04). 

Lower (Part of the) Body 

103:19. Dan., Sw. underliv belly, abdomen, lit. lower (part of 
the) body: under under -\-liv body (94:48). 

103 : 20. OE. smcel-ftearme lower abdomen : smcel narrow, slender, 
small -\-bearm intestine (136:09). 

103:21. Sw. dial, mduk groin, abdomen: Finnish maukku 
spawn, capsule. Cf. 119:11. 

104. Navel 
Swelling 

104:01. Norw. bembel Nabel; bamsa gierig fressen, NHG. Bams 
dicker Brei, MHG. bemstln die einen Dickbauch hat: Lith. bdmba 
Nabel, bambalas kleine dicke Person, bumbulis Wasserblase, Gr. 
7re/z(/>i£, 7T€/x(/)ts Hauch, Brandblase, 7ro/z</>6s Brandblase. Fick III 4 , 
260. Cf. 103:02. 

Hump, Boss 

104:02. ON., NIcel. nafli, Sw. navel, Dan. navle, OE. nafela, 
OFris. navla, OHG. nabala, MHG. nabel, nabele navel: ON. nof, 
nafar nave of a wheel, the pole of the world, pi. clasps, rings, NIcel. 
nof, OE. nafu, OHG. naba Radnabe: Gr. 6n4)a\6s Nabel, Schild- 
buckel, Lat. umbilicus Nabel, umbo Schildbuckel, Skt. ndbhi-h Nabel, 
Nabe, Verwandschaft, ndbhyam Nabe, Lett, naba Nabel, etc. Cf. 
Walde 2 849 with references. To the same root probably belong 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 119 

Gr. pe<t>p6s (lump, bunch) kidney, Praenest. nefrones kidneys, testicles, 
(Prellwitz 2 311), and ON. nef, OE. nebb nose, beak, etc. (Wood, 
MLN. XVIII, 16). Cf. 23:02. 

Navel-Shaft 

104:03. OE. nafel-sceaft navel: nafela navel (104: 02) +sceaft 
shaft, spear, pole. 

105. Diaphragm 
Mid-Plank 

105:01. ESw. mellanbalk diaphragm: mellan between -f- balk 
beam. 

105 : 02. ESw. mellangavel diaphragm : gavel gable, plank placed 
across a wagon or a sled. 

Mid-Fence 

105:03. ESw. mellang&rd diaphragm: g&rd yard, court, in- 
closure. 

105:04. ODan. mellemgmrde, Sw. mellangarde diaphragm: Dan. 
gcerde, Sw. garde fence, hedge, patch of land fenced in. 

105:05. Norw. midgard diaphragm: mid- midst -\-gard yard, 
court, inclosure. 

105:06. ODan. midgcerde diaphragm: mid- midst -\-goerde fence, 
etc. 

105:07. ESw. mellangolv, Dan. mellemgulv diaphragm, Sw. golv, 
Dan. gulv floor. For mg. compare Gr. 5ia</>pay/xa a partition wall : 
the muscle which divides the thorax from the stomach, midriff, of 
which they are perhaps translations. 

Mid-Net 

105:08. Dan. middelgcern, migerne diaphragm: OHG. mittila- 
garni, mittigarni Eingeweidef ett : Dan. middel middle, mi-., mid- 
OHG. mittel, mi'Wi+ON. gam yarn, warp, Dan. gam yarn, thread, net, 
OHG. garni Gespinst, Faden. Cf. 136:04. 

Mid-Skin 

105:09. OE. mid(h)rif, NE. midriff, OFris. midref, MLG. 
middelrif, Du. middelrif diaphragm: OE. hrif, rif womb (139:09), 
belly, primarily skin. Cf. 103:14. 



120 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

105:10. OE. mid(h)riper , OFris. midrith(ere) diaphragm: OE. 
hriper skin, hreper breast (99:14), womb (139:07), heart (120:07), 
mind. 

Breast Membrane 

105:11. ESw. brosthinna diaphragm: brost breast (99:05) + 
hinna membrane (145:31). 

Cord, Fiber 

105:12. Norw. tinder, tindr, NIcel. pind diaphragm, midriff: 
Ir. tet Saite, Skt. tdntu-h Faden, Schnur, Strang, root ten- stretch: 
Skt. tanoti dehnt, spannt, Gr. relvoi stretch, Goth, uf-panjan aus- 
dehnen, ON. penja ausspannen, ausstrecken, etc. Fick III 4 , 180 
and 178. 

106. Perineum 
Mid-Flesh 

106:01. Dan. mellemkfid perineum: mellem between -\-k0d flesh 
(153 : 06) . Compare NHG. Mittelfleisch. 

Fork 

106:02. Sw. skrev fork, anat. perineum: skreva crevice, narrow 
opening. 

107. Rib 
Curve 

107:01. ON. rif, Norw. riv, Sw. rev, ODan., Dan. dial, rev, OE. 
hrycg-ribb, OHG. rippi, rippa, MHG. rippe, ribbe, ribe Rippe, trop. 
fur Korper (94:39), Herkunft, Geschlecht, Norw. ribba side of an 
animal containg the ribs, Sw. ribba lath, MLG. ribbe, rebbe Rippe, 
erhohter Streifen auf einer Flache: OHG. reba, rebo Rebe, Ranke, 
OBulg. rebro Rippe (Kluge): Lat. orbis circle (Wood, Class. Phil. 
V, 306). 

107:02. OE. hrycg-ribb rib : hrycg back (lll:05)+n&& (107:01). 

107:03. Sw. dial, rishalster rib: ris=rifs (107 :01) -\-halster 
grill. 

Rib Bone 

107 : 04. Sw. revben, Dan. ribben rib, Sw. rev, Dan. rib (107 : 01) + 
fcenbone (77:07). 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 121 

Side Bone 

107:05. Sw. dial, si-ben side bone: rib: si, Sw. sida side+6en 
bone (77:07). 

Splinter 

107:06. Sw. dial, skyrfva the small bone in the breast which 
seems to be loose: Sw. skarv patch, skdrva splinter. 

Crow 

107:07. Sw. dial, krdka crow, spare rib. Cf. 100:03. 

108. Vertebra 
Backbone 

108:01. Norw. ryggekaatra, Sw. (rygg)kota vertebra: rygg 
back (111:05) Norw. kaatra, OFris. kate Knochel (69:11), MLG. 
kote Huf, Klaue, Kote, Knochel. Cf. 110:09. 

Back-Joint 

108:02. Dan. ryggled vertebra: rygg back (lll:05)+Zed joint 
(75:02). 

Projecting Point, Spine, Prong 

108:03. MHG. gran(e) Haarspitze, Barthaar, bes. an der Ober- 
lippe, stachlichtes Haar, Granne, Grate. Cf. 162:14. 

108:04. MHG. grat Grate, Fischgrate, die hervorstechende 
scharfe Spitze an Ahren, Disteln, etc., Riickgrat, Bergriicken. Cf. 
109:01. 

108:05. Far. geisli vertebra: ON. geisli Stab, Strahl, NIcel. 
geisli beam, ray, ON. geisl Ski-stab, MLG. geisel Peitsche, OHG. 
geisila id., ON. geirr Spiess, etc. Gr. x a ?os shepherd's staff, Skt. 
hesa-h Geschoss, etc. Cf . Fick IIP, 120 f . 

Knot-Bone 

108:06. Shetl. getilben, g0tilben the hindmost vertebra in swine: 
getel knot-f-6en bone (77:07). 

Bone-Ring 

108:07. OE. bdn-hring a bone-ring, a neck bone, ossium artus, 
vertebra: ban bone (77: 07) -\-hring ring. 



122 PARTS OF THE BODY IX 

Whirl, Vertebra 

108:08. Norw. darre Turangel, Zapfen, worum sich die Tiire 
dreht, am Wagen die Eckholzer: Halswirbel: Gr. Baipbs Turangel, 
Eckholzer. Cf. Fick III 4 , 203. 

Back-Whirl 

108:09. Dan. rygghvirvel, Norw. ryghvirvel dorsal vertebra: 
rygg back (111: 05) -\-hvirvel whirl. 

Board 

108:10. Norw. tavla (rygg) tovla, ryggjatovla, ryggjatole vertebra: 
tovla, tavla board, from Lat. tabula Brett. For rygg cf. 111:05. 

(Shoulder)- Disk 

108:11. Sw. dial, erdskied vertebra: erd-: Sw. hard shoulder 
(97: OS)-}- skied, skid thin slab, board, ON. skid, OHG. sat Scheit 
Holz, etc. 

Auger 

108:12. Shetl. naver neck (41:13), the uppermost vertebra or 
the joint of the neck, (originally) auger: ON. nafarr auger, gimlet. 
In place names 'Navarin' is used in Shetland referring to (submarine) 
cliffs. Cf. Jakobsen 553. 

108:13. Shetl. naverben, naversben the uppermost vertebra of 
the neck, joint of the neck: naver (108 : 12) -\-ben bone (77 : 07). 

108:14. Far. navarsgeisli the uppermost vertebra of the neck, 
joint of the neck: navar (108: 12) -\-geisli vertebra (108:05). 

109. Spine 
Projecting Point 

109:01. OHG., MHG. grdt Grate, die hervorstechende scharfe 
Spitze an Ahren, Disteln, etc.: Riickgrat, Bergriicken, OE. greed 
Gras: Polish grot Pfeilspitze. Fick IIP, 138. Cf. 108:04. 

109:02. Sw. ryggrad, ODan. ryggegrad, rygrad spine: Sw. rygg, 
Dan. ryg back (lll:05)+grad=MLG. grade Fischgrate, Knochen, 
OHG., MHG. grdt, etc. (109:01). 

109:03. OE. hrycg-bdn backbone, spine: hrycg back (111:05) + 
ban bone (77 : 07) . 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 123 

109:04. OE. hrycg-mearg-lip spine: hrycg back (111:05) + 
mearg marrow (155:01)+///? joint, limb (75:02). 

109:05. OE. rage- spine in rcege-reosa spine muscle: MHG. 
rcehe steif, starr, rahe Stange, OX. rd Segelstange, Norw. raaga 
diinne Stange, Lith. rdkti stechen, rakstis Splitter. Wood, MLN. 
XXIX. 71 f. 

Curve 

109:06. OX. hang spina dorsi: kgttrinn beygdi hangit the cat 
bent the hang (Mobius 164). Jonsson defines: 'Bugten krumningen 
paa et dyrs ryg (f. ex. kattens, naar den skyder ryg).' 

109:07. OX. kengr curvatura (Mobius 164). 

A Growing Together, Joint 

109 : 08. OE. gelodr spine, geloda joint of the backbone; brother : 
leodan grow, sprout, etc. Cf. 9:08. 

110. Hump of the Back 

Bend, Curve, Heap, Hump 

110:01. Shetl. krdl raised back, small lump: a krplet mooth 
a round contracted or protruded mouth, krdlki lump, Norw. kryl, 
krylt hump, curvature in the back (kryl< *kruvila) : OHG. crawil, 
crouwil, MHG. krouwell, kreul krumme Gabel, Klaue, Kralle (71:01), 
XHG. Krduel Gabel mit gebogenen Zacken, Kralle, MLG. krouwel 
Gabel mit hakenformigen Spitzen, Du. krouwel krumme Gabel, 
Kralle, Klaue. Cf. Fick IIP, 53. 

110:02. OX. kroppr a hump or bunch on an}' part of the body, 
the body. Cf. 94:06. 

110:03. OX. kryppa hump, hunch, Shetl. krump crooked back, 
hump, especially made by raising the shoulders: Sw. krympa, Dan. 
krympe shrink, OX., Xorw. kreppa, krapp sich zusammenziehen, 
OFris. krempen, XE. crimp runzeln, krimpen machen, MLG. krimpen 
krimpen, einschrumpfen. Cf. 97:05. 

110:04. Xorw. kus hump: kusa bend down. 

110:05. Sw. puckel, Dan. puckel hump, from XHG. Puckel, 
Bucket: bucken bow, biegen bend. 

110:06. OE. hofer hump, goiter, swelling, OHG. hovar Hocker, 
MHG. hover Hocker, Buckel, ein Bucklichter: MHG. hiufel Wange, 



124 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

hiibel, hubel Hiigel, Lett, kuprs Hocker, Lith. kuprd Hocker, Buckel, 
der gebogene Riicken, kaupas Haufen, kupstas Hiigel, Lett, kupt 
sich zusammenballen, etc. Schade 2 411, 422, Zupitza, Gutt. 115 
with references. Cf . 9 : 12. 

110:07. MHG. hocker, hoger Hocker, Buckel, ein Bucklichter, 
NHG. Hocke Haufe im Felde aufgestellter Garben, hocken zusam- 
mengebogenen Leibes, krumm niedersitzen, Goth, huhjan aufhaufen, 
sammeln, hiuhma Haufen, Menge, hauhs hoch, MHG. houc Hiigel, 
Skt. kucati, kuncate zieht sich zusammen, kriimmt sich, Lith. kaukas 
Beule, kaukard Hiigel, Lett, kukurs Buckel, OB. kuku krumm. 
Cf. Fick III 4 , 91. 

110:08. MHG. kocker Hocker (not in Lexer Hwb.): kuchen 
kauern, Sw. koka Erdscholle, NE. cock Heuhaufen, Lith. guzas 
Knorren, Druse, Buckel, Knopf. 

110:09. Sw. dial, kut hump, hunch, hump on the back, the 
back (111:03): Norw., Sw. kuta bend, walk with bent back, 
stooping: Sw. kota vertebra (108:01), MLG. kotel Kotklumpen, 
kote Huf, Kote, Klaue, Knochel, Du. keutel Kegel, rundliche 
Exkremente, Sw. kotte Fichtenzapfen, Swab. Kotz Eiterblaschen. 
Fick III 4 , 46. 

110: 10. Norw. kup convexity, hump on the back. Cf. 1 : 18. 

Bunch (Orig. Something Twisted Together) 

110:11. Norw. kass basket to be carried on the back, a small 
burden or load, a knoll, hump on the back, also referring to the 
shoulders or the upper part of the back: han fekk paa kassen he 
received (a thrashing) on the kass: Norw. kass kurv osv. (s. Aasen), 
ON. kass (*kars), Sw. dial. kars(e) kleiner Sack, Korb aus Weiden- 
ruten, Bast, Netz od. Rinde, ON. kjarr Gebiisch, Gestrauch, etc. 
Gr. yeppov Rutengeflecht, von Ruten geflochtene Bedeckung, Gr. 
yappa • pap8os, yapaava • <f>pvyava (Liden Studien 7 ff.) : OE. 
cierran, MHG. kerren {*karzian) kehren, wenden (Wood, Zfvgl. 
Sprachf. XLV, 69). Or cf. 162:91. 

Mass, Heap 

110:12. Norw. skrull hump on the back, top, skrulla a small 
basket or box, skryll a mass, heap, something thrown together. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 125 

Shoulder-Block 

110:13. ON. herda-drengr hump on the back: herdar shoulders 
(97: 08) -\-drengr Stiitze, dicker Stock, junger, kraftiger Maim, 
drangr detached pillar of rock. 

111. Back 
Bend 

111:01. Shetl. krugg the uppermost part of an animal's back 
Norw. krugg upper part of the back: Norw. krugg bent in the back, 
crooked, inclined (Aasen 392), kruk a person who walks bent or 
stooping, kruken bent, crooked, krjuka draw together, shrink, kruka 
crouch, OHG. kriohhan kriechen, etc. 

111:02. MHG. rist(e) Hand- oder Fussgelenk, die Wolbung 
des Fusses, der gebogene Rucken, Halsgelenk an der Schulter des 
Pferdes. Cf. 87:01. 

Swelling, Bunch, Hump 

111:03. Sw. dial, kut bump, hunch, hump on the back, the 
back. Cf. 110:09. 

111:04. ON. bak Rucken, Riickenseite, OS. bak, OFris. bek, 
OE. bcec, NE. back: OHG. bahho, MHG. bache Speckseite: OHG. 
baccho, MHG. backe Backe, Kinnbacke (35:04, 40:01). Wood, 
IF. XVIII, 28; Fick III 4 , 259. 

111:05. ON. hryggr Rucken, Bergriicken, Dan. ryg, Sw. rygg 
Rucken, OS. hruggi, OFris. hreg, OE. hrycg Rucken, Dachfirste, 
Bergriicken, NE. ridge, OHG. hrukki, rucki, MHG. rucke Rucken: 
ON. hruga Haufe, OE. hreac Kornhaufe, Lith. krduti aufeinander- 
legen, haufen, kruvd Haufe. Cf. Walde 2 s.v. crux. 

111:06. Shetl. krump crooked back, hump (110:03). 

Ill : 07. Norw. kass basket carried on the back, a small burden, 
something to be carried on the back, a bump or hump, the shoulders 
or upper part of the back. Cf. 110: 11. 

111:08. Sw. dial, rompol back: romp = Sw. rumpa rump, tail 
(112:08) +ol: ON. gl strap. 

The Hindside 

111 : 09. OE. bcefta, bceftan back: beef tan, be-ceftan behind. 



126 parts of the body in 

112. Rump, Podex 
End 

112:01. Sw. dnda, dndalykt podex: dnda end-\-lykt closed: 
Goth, galukan, ON. luka, etc., close. 

1 12 : 02. OE. ears-endu buttocks : ears podex (1 12 : 03) +ende end. 

Projection 

112:03. ON. ars, rass, Norw. ass, rass podex, pudenda (140: 18), 
Sw., Dan. ars OE. ears, OS., OHG. ars podex: Gr. oppos Steiss, 
Arm. or der Hintere, Ir. err (*ersa) Schwanz. Schade 2 30; Prell- 
witz 2 338 with references. 

112:04. ON. gumpr bottom, fundament, Dan. gump rump, 
Hintere, Norw. gump back part, podex, a fleshy swelling, especially 
the finger tip (63:02), Sw. gumpa, guppa run clumsily, jolt, Norw. 
gimpa paa seg swing the body, Sw. dial, gimpa to tip, Norw. gjeppa, 
Sw. dial, gippa wag, MHG. gumpen, gampen springen, hupfen. 
Primary meaning probably swinging, wagging hind part or, with 
Norw. gump fingertip, gumpa push with the fist, a rounded pro- 
jecting part of the body. Cf. Sw. parallelism stump stump: stubbe 
stump, stub, like gump: Sw. gubbe old man or Norw. gumbe cream 
cheese with probably mg. lump. Tamm 253. 

112:05. MHG. goffe, guffe Hinterbacke: gupf, gupfe Spitze, 
Giebel. Cf. Fick IIP, 137. 

Curve, Bend, Hump 

112:06. ON. hlaun buttock: Lat. clunis Hinterbacke, Lith. 
szlaunis Oberschenkel, Skt. groni-h Hinterbacke, Hiifte, etc. , (Walde 2 
172 with references) : OE. hleor, ON. hlyr Wange, etc. (Wood, IF. 
XVIII, 28). Cf. 35:02. 

112:07. OFris. bilk, MLG. bilk Bauch, Rumpf, OHG. buh, 
MHG. bitch Bauch, Magen (129:02), Rumpf. Cf. 103:01. 

112:08. Sw. rumpa, Dan. rumpe, rump, tail (114:29), Norw. 
rumpa id., round truncated mountain knoll, MLG. rump Korper, 
Rumpf, langl. Gefass, Bienenkorb, MHG. rumph Rumpf, Leib 
(94:36), grosse holzerne Schussel: rumph gebogen, gekrummt, 
rumphen, refi. runzlicht werden, NE. rumple make uneven, wrinkle, 
crumple. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 127 

112:09. Dan. dial, rdppe hindpart of a goose, duck, fowl, a lean 
cow, raape hindpart of a goose. Probably connected with rumpe 
(112:08). 

Bunch, Swelling 

112:10. Dan. dial, ast, ost, oest hind part: OE. ost knot (in 
tree), knob, MLG. ost Knorren, Knoten, MDu. oest id., Ir. att (*ozdo-) 
Gescrrwulst, Gr. ofos Knorren, Ast, Goth, asts Ast, etc. (W.). 

112:11. OE. brec, pi. breeches, hind quarters, broc trousers, 
OHG. bruoh Bruch, Hose: NHG. Swab, bruch dicker Mann, bruchig 
dick, von einem Mann, unbeholfen, NE. brake thicket, bush, Norw. 
brake juniper, EFris. brak allerlei wild u. wirr durcheinander 
wachsendes Gestrauch, etc., primarily 'clump, tuft.' Wood, Mod. 
Phil. XI, 327. Compare Germ. *brink- in Sw. dial, brekka breast 
(99:03). 

112:12. ON. pjo thigh, podex, OHG. dioh Schenkel, etc.: 
Lith. tdukas Fettsttickchen, Lett, tukt schwellen. Cf. 76:07. 

112:13. ON. pjoknappr thigh-knobs: buttocks: pjo thigh 
(76:07), podex (112:12) -\-knappr knob, stud, button. 

112 : 14. Shetl. bolli lump, hindpart : kollifirbolli head over heels : 
kolli head (1:15). 

112:15. ESw. arsknbl podex: ars podex (112: 03) -\-knol bunch, 
bump. 

112:16. Sw. dial, rofbulle buttock: Sw. rov podex (112:36) + 
bulle ball, bump, roll. 

112:17. Norw. fu(d) podex, vulva, Swed. dial. fo(d) cunnus, 
ON. fud, MHG. vut id., NHG., Alem. vildeli (Kinderwort) Popo: 
Skt. putau dual. Hinterbacken, pota-h das Junge eines Tieres, 
junger Baum, Lith. pautas Ei, Hode, putlus sich blahend, geschwol- 
len, Lett, putus Vogel, Lat. putus boy, etc., root pu- compact mass, 
bunch, clump, lump, chunk, etc. Wood, Class. Phil. IX, 152 f. 

112:18. Sw. dial, pruppa rump: primpa, prippa overeat or 
overdrink, primpende-full overfull, LG. prampen driicken, pressen, 
NHG. Pframpf etwas zum Vollstopfen Dienendes. 

112:19. On. dof hindpart, rump, a kind of spear : ON., NIcel. 
dafna thrive well, ChSl. debeli dick, Russ. dial, deb'olyj wohlbeleibt, 
stark, fest, dobolyj stark, kraftig. Wood, Mod. Phil. XI, 331. 



128 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Something Crushed, Lump 

112:20. Norw. skrump hindpart of a horse, cartilage, hard meat 
(159:11): skrumpa strike hand against something, skrump old and 
frail, dilapidated thing, Sw. dial, skrump refuse corner. 

112:21. Sw. dial, kasfyr podex: kas heap of kindling wood, 
droppings of cattle, ON. kgs heap, pile+Sw. dial, fyr fire, ON. 
furr fire (poet.). Compare kashala (97:10). 

The Highest Part When Bending Over 

112 : 22. Dan. (jest) det sted der er h0jest naar man plukker jordbcer 
the part which is highest when one gathers strawberries: rump. 
Compare Engl, the part of a chicken that goes through the fence last. 

Soft, Lean Part 

112:23. OE. ears-lira buttocks: ears podex (112:03) -{-lira 
flesh (153:04). 

Stump, Butt End 

112:24. Sw. stuss bottom, fundament, breech, dial, podex, 
OHG. stiuz Steiss, podex, MHG. stiuz, stuz id., MLG. stut der dicke 
Teil des Schenkels, Oberschenkel, Steiss: ON. stutr a stumpy thing, 
stump, end, Norw. stut horn (as receptacle for oil, etc., or as an 
instrument), MHG. stotze Stamm, Klotz, stutzen verkurzen. 

112:25. ESw. bakstuss podex: bak back (lll:04)+stes podex 
(112:24). 

112:26. MHG. strumpf Stummel, Stumpf, Baustumpf, ver- 
sttimmeltes Glied, Rumpf : MLG. strump Stumpf, Stummel, struppe 
Stumpf, Du. dial, strobbe id. 

Hindpart 

112: 27. MHG. der hindere der Hintere, podex. 

112:28. MHG. hinter-teil Hinterteil, podex, after-teil Hinter- 
teil, Nachteil. 

112:29. MHG. after-belle Gesassbecken. 

112:30. Sw. akter stern of a boat, rump. From MLG. achter 
hinten, nach h.mten< after : OHG. aftar, NHG. After. 

(Hind-) Castle 

112:31. Sw. slang kastell, Dan. dial, bagkastel hindpart, lit. 
(hind) castle. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 129 

Back Arrangement 

112:32. Dan. dial, bagred, bagrede hind part of cattle: bag 
behind -{-rede what is arranged, arrangement, tool, Sw. reda arrange, 
redskap tool. 

Seat 

112:33. Norw. sete, Sw. sate seat: podex, OE. setl, sedel, sepl 
sitting, seat: hindquarters, podex, MHG. gesceze Sitz, Wohnsitz, 
Gesass. 

Catastrophe 

112:34. Sw. katastrof hindquarters of children, lit. catastrophe. 

? 

112 : 35. Far. drunnur hindpart and tail (114 : 31) of cattle (which 
is dressed with ribbons and passed around at the marriage feast while 
rimes are made) : drynja bellow (said of cows and people) . Espersen. 

Opening, Hole 

112:36. Norw. rauv, Sw. rov, Dan. r0v podex, ODan. also hole, 
opening: ON. rauf rent, rift, hole, rjufa break a hole in, Skt. ropam, 
Servian rupa Loch, Grube. 

113. Anus 
Rump 

113:01. ON. ars, rass anus, rump, etc. Cf. 112:03. 

Opening, Hole, Passage 

113:02. Sw. dial, rofhal anus: rof podex (112:36)+MZ hole. 

113:03. Sw. dial, rofklinka anus: rof podex (112:36) -{-klinka 
alatch(?). 

113:04. OE. ears-gang anus: ears anus (112:03)-f-gGmgr going, 
path, track. 

113:05. ESw. arsgat anus: ars podex (112:03)+gfa^ hole, anus 
(113:08). 

113:06. ESw. arsglugga anus: ars podex (112:03) -{-glugg small 
window, opening. 

113:07. OE. ears-pyrel anus: ears podex (112: 03) -\-byrel hole. 

113 : 08. Dan. gat hole, anus, narrow inlet: ON. gat, OS. gat hole, 
opening, MLG. id., anus, OFris. iet, gat opening, hole, OE. geat gate. 



130 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

113:09. Sw. dial, skethal anus: sket excrements +MZ hole. 
113 : 10. Sw. slang gryngdng anus, lit. grain passage. 
113:11. OE. utgang exit, evacuation: anus. 

114. Tail 
Flap, Wagger, Dangler 

114:01. NIcel. skott tail (of a fox, dog, cat) : ON. skotta to move 
to and fro, Sw. skutta hop, skip, jump, Dan. skutte, skudte sig shake 
(the shoulders). 

114:02. Dan. svcev tail: svceve hang, hover, float, OHG. sweif 
Umschwung, umschlingendes Band, Besatz eines Kleidungsstiickes, 
Schwanz, MHG. id.: ON. sveipa sweep, wrap, swaddle, OE. swdpan 
sweep, brandish, OHG. sweif an schwingen. 

114:03. ON. veli, NIcel. vjel, Norw. vele (from *wepl-) tail, 
OHG. wadal, wedil Wedel, wadalon schweifen, schwanken, flattern, 
Norw. vela waver, hesitate, go astray (Aasen 917), walk slowly 
hither and thither, walk to and fro without aim (Ross 900). Noreen, 
Aisl. Gr. § 176; Fick IIP, 385. 

114:04. OE. finta tail: Lat. pendeo hang, dangle. Holthausen, 
IF. XX, 316; Walde 2 572. 

Or primarily 'point, end': OE. finn fin, Lat. pinna, etc., (W). 
Cf. 73:06. 

114:05. Sw., Dan. svans, fr. MLG. swans, MHG. swanz 
Schwanz, Schleppe, mannliches Glied (141:53): MHG. swanzen, 
MLG. swansen sich zierlich, hoffartig, tanzelnd bewegen. 

114:06. Sw. dial, febb tail, the tip of a Lapland shoe, ESw. 
fibbul stub tail, fibul, fibbul chewing muscle of the horse (149:08), 
fibbul penis (141 : 50), fiblar gills, fiblar mustache (162: 123), fittfibblar 
id. (contempt) : Sw. dial, febba, fibba act awkwardly, be thoughtless, 
febbla stumble, fall, be at fault, fipla fumble, tremble (as the hands 
of a person who is nervous or tired), ESw. fibba sig hasten, fibbla sig 
dress up, fibblig dressed up, fibblor finery, Norw. fivla to mate, ON. 
fipla to finger. 

114:07. Norw. spoil, speril, spairel, Sw. dial, spal, spale a short 
tail (as of a hare, goat, reindeer, etc.) : spmlen short and tapering, 
spoiling a small slender person, spjailing id., Sw. spjdla a lath or 
splinter: Lith. spafnas Fliigel, Flossfeder, Lett, spurs Flossfeder, 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 131 

Skt. sphurdti zackt, zappelt. Cf. Fick III 4 , 509. (This presupposes 
that the forms without r have lost it. Otherwise cf. Fick III 4 , 511.) 
1 14 : 08. Sw. colloq. speleverket the hindquarters : spel (114 : 07) + 
verk works. 

Fringe 

114:09. ON. tagl horse's tail, OE. tcegl tail, OHG., MHG. 
zagel Schwanz, Stachel, mannliches Glied (141:66), Reste: MLG. 
tagel Endstuck eines Taues, Skt. daga die am Ende eines Gewebes 
hervorragenden Zettelfaden, Fransen: Goth, tahjan reissen, zerren. 
Cf. Wood, IE. a x , 68. Cf. 162:82. 

Tuft 

114 : 10. ON. skauf sl fox's brush: OE. sceaf bundle, sheaf, OHG. 
scoub Schaub, Strohwisch, ON. skufr Quaste, Buschel, MHG. schopf 
Haar oben auf dem Kopfe, Goth, skuft Haupthaar. Cf. 162:98. 

114:11. MHG. zop/Zopf; Schwanz; Gipfel. Cf. 162:92. 

Projecting Point, Stem, Stalk, Stub, etc. 

114 : 12. Norw. rovetange rump bone, that part of the spine which 
extends into the tail: rova tail (114:22) -{-tange the tang of a knife, 
the thin piece which is driven into the handle, Landzunge, 
promontory. 

114:13. Norw. (rove) tart rump bone, that part of the spine 
which extends into the tail: rova tail (114: : 22) -\- tart rump bone. 

114:14. Norw. rumpetange= rovetange (114:12): rumpe rump, 
tail (114:29). 

114:15. ON. halt Schwanz, spitzes Ende, Schaft, NIcel. hali 
tail, Dan. hale Schwanz, spitzes Ende, womit etwas befestigt wird: 
Skt. gald-h Stock, Spitze, galyd-h Pfeilspitze, Gr. kyj\ov Stange, 
Schaft, Pfeil, Olr. cail Speer. Zupitza, Gutt. 182 with references. 

114: 16. ON. spordr tail (of a fish, serpent, etc.) : spordr skjaldar 
the lower pointed end of a shield, Norw. spord, Sw. dial, spor, spot tail 
(of a fish), more rarely mg. point, tip (Aasen), MHG. sporte Schwanz, 
Schweif : MLG. sporden gedorrte Abfallteile von Stockfisch, ODan. 
sporder id. Cf. 73:05. 

114:17. ON. stertr, Dan. stjert, Norw. stert, Sw. stjdrt Vogel- 
schwanz, OE. steort Schwanz, Landzunge, OFris. stert, stirt, MHG. 



132 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

sterz Schwanz: ON. uppstertr emporragend, NE. upstart Emporkomm- 
ling, ON. sterta aufsteifen, stirtla aufrichten, MHG. sterzen empor- 
ragen, starr emporrichten, steif gehen, stelzen, NE. sterten auffahren, 
NE. start, Gr. arepeos steif, hart, fest, Lat. sterilis unfruchtbar, 
gelt, Cymr. serth steif, steil, Gr. aTopdrj ZahD, Zacke, steif es Haar. 

114:18. Norw. sty re Griff am Pflug, Riickenlehne am Stuhl, 
Schwanz, Schweif, ON. styri Steuerruder, OHG. stiura Pfahl: MLG. 
stur steif, strenge, OHG. stiuri, sturi stark, stolz, ON. staurr Pfahl, 
Gr. (TTavpbs id.: arvcc richte auf. Cf. Walde 2 650 f. with references. 

114:19. Sw. dial, steket tail, rump: ON. stjaki, OE. staca stake, 
EFris. stak steif, fest. 

114:20. Sw. dial, stekel rump, tail. 

114:21. ON. stjglr Schwanz, rump, Sw. dial, style tail of a bird, 
Norw. styl id.: Norw. stj0l Stengel, OE. stela, steola, stcela Stengel, 
Stiitze (NE. stale, steal Stengel, Handgriff), MLG. stale, stal Bein 
oder Fuss (eines Stuhles u.s.w.): Gr. oreiXenJ, oreAea, arektov, 
areKeos Stiel, arekexos Stammende, Arm. ste\n Stamm, Schaft, 
Stengel. 

114:22. Norw. rova tail, ON. rofa the vertebral part of a tail, 
NIcel. rofa tail (of a dog or a cat), Shetl. rovek tail stump, the hind- 
most vertebra of cattle, tail: OBulg. repij Pfahl, OHG. rafo Balken, 
Sparren, Lith. r'eplinti aufrichten, hinstellen, Gr. pa7rts Rute(?), 
p6)\[/ Strauchwerk(?). Perhaps also Lat. rapum, rapa Rube, Gr. 
pairvs, pact's Rube, OHG. ruoba id., raba id., OBulg. repa, Lith. 
rope id. Cf. Walde 2 641. The development in mg. is similar to that 
in sterr. 

114:23. Sw. dial, get-stabb goat tail: get goat -\-stabb: stabbe 
thick pole, stub. 

114:24. Sw. dial, strommel short tail of sheep or goats: Sw., 
Norw. stram stiff, rigid, tense, ON. strembinn hard to digest, Norw. 
stremben bloated, stremba convulsive tension. Cf. Fick III 4 , 499. 

114:25. Norw. stuv, stu trunk of a tree, stub, stump, a roll of 
woven fabric, tail of a bird: Sw. dial, styve, stuv tail of a bird, ON. 
stufr stump, stofn stem, trunk, OE. stofn stem, trunk, shoot, twig. 

114:26. Sw. dial, stommel short tail: ON. stafn stem of a ship, 
prow, gable-end, stefni prow, stem, Sw. stamm stem, OE. stefn, stemn 
stem (of tree), prow or stern. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 133 

114:27. Norw. rumpestukel: rumpe (112:08) -\-stukul, stikel the 
inner part of horn (156:07). 

Hump, Lump 

114:28. Norw., Sw. rumpa, Dan. rumpe rump, tail. Cf. 112:08. 

114:29. Shetl. derl, derrel tail, rump, hindmost vertebra of 
cattle, Far. dirdil short tail, especially of sheep or seal, ON. dirdill, 
Norw. dirdill short tail, sheep's tail: perhaps Germ. *derd- firm, 
solid, Skt. dhartd Halter, dhartrdm Stutze, dhdrdyati halt, tragt, halt 
fest, Lat. firmus, for(c)tis, etc. 

114:30. Far. drunnur hindpart and tail of cattle. Cf. 112:35. 

115. Pelvis 
Basin 

115:01. Dan. bcekken, Sw. bdcken< MLG. becken, Du. bekken, 
OHG. bekin, MHG. becke, becken Becken, pelvis. Loan-word from 
Vulg. Lat. baccmum<bacca Wasserfass. Here also 112:29. 

116. Hip, Haunch 
Bend, Curve, Corner 

116:01. ON. horn ham, haunch. Cf. 76:01. 

116:02. Sw. dial, ro hip: ro corner, Sw. vrd id., ON. rd corner, 
nook, ON. rangr wry, crooked, wrong, OE. wrang injustice, wrong, 
wringan wring. F-T 937 suggest connection with Norw. rfir Leiste, 
Weiche (119:07), saying: "Schw. ro 'Hufte' ist wahrscheinlich das- 
selbe Wort, vielleicht dadurch entstanden, dass r0r als Plural aufge- 
fasstwurde." Cf. 19:03. 

116 : 03. Sw. dial rosen hip, coxa. Cf . 119 : 07. 

116:04. ESw. ro-knyla, run-knyla hip bone: ro hip (116:02) + 
knyla knot, lump. 

Swelling, Hump, Lump 

116:05. Goth, hups, OE. hype, OHG., MHG. huf hip, Dan. 
hffte, Sw. hoft id.: MHG. hiufel Wange (35:05), ON. hvdptr cheek 
(35:06), mouth, chops (26:16), Skt. gupti-h Schulter, NIcel. hvap 
dropsical flesh, Norw. kvapa swell, exude moisture, kvapna swell up, 
Norw. hoven tumid, swollen, hovna swell up, Skt. copha-h Geschwulst, 
Geschwtir, Beule, cvdyati schwillt an, Lith. szaulis Hufte, etc. Wood, 



134 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Mod. Phil. VI, 444 f . ; Class. Phil. VII, 331 f . Or the primary mean- 
ing may be 'curve, bend.' 

Goth, hups, etc.: ON. hopa move backward, draw back, retreat: 
Gr. kv(3os Hohlung vor der Hufte beim Vieh, kv(3itoj> Ellenbogen, 
Lat. cubitus id. 

116:06. MHG. buoc Schulter, Bug. Hufte, Knie (80:04). Cf. 
97:04. 

116:07. NIcel. huppur hip, groin: Norw. hump a mountain 
knoll or small rock, hupp thin portion between ribs and thighs of 
slaughtered animals, hympe a piece of flesh, NE. hump. Cf. 119:09 
and 153:02. 

116:08. ON. aptr-huppr haunch: Norw. hupp hump a piece 
of flesh between the ribs and the thigh: Norw. hump a mountain 
knoll, a small rock, Sw. dial, a piece of land, Norw. humputt uneven, 
full of small rocks, NE. hump Buckel. Cf. 116:07 and Goth, hups, 
etc., 116:05. 

Knob, Knot 

116:09. MHG. knorre Knorre an Baumen, Steinen, hervor- 
stehender Knochen, Huftknochen (117:05), Knorpel, Auswuchs am 
Leibe, Buckel an Trinkgeschirren, kurzer dicker Mensch: knur, 
knure, knurre Knoten, Knorre, Fels, Klippe, Gipfel, Knuff, Stoss, 
bildl. grober Mensch. Cf. 159:04. 

Thin Part 

116: 10. OHG. hlanca, lancha, lanca, MHG. lanche, lanke Htifte, 
Seite, Lende, Weiche: OE. hlanc NE. lank dlinn, mager, schmal, 
schmachtig, schlank. Schade 405. Walde 2 169 connects with Lat. 
dingo, ON. hlekker Kette, OE. hlence Panzer, E. link Glied, Kette, vb. 
verbinden, fesseln, with primary mg. 'bend.' 

116:11. ODan. lynd, Norw. lund hip, loin. Cf . 1 18 : 1 1 . 

Middle 

116:12. ON. mjgdm hip, NIcel. mjodm hip, haunch: Goth. 
miduma Mitte, OHG. metemo mediocris: Av. mabemo mittelst, Lat. 
medius der Mittlere, etc. Cf. 102:01. 

116:13. ON. mjadmar-bein hip bone: mjgdm (11Q: 12) -\-bein 
bone (77:07). 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 135 

1 16 : 14. ON. mjadmar-hpfud the head of the thigh bone : mjgdm 
(116:12)+fa>/udhead (1:27)! 

Pivot-Bone 

116:15. ESw. vdndben hip: vdnda turn+fren bein (77:07). 

117. Hip Bone 
Bend, Curve 

117:01. OE. gup(e)-af Hiiftbein (Thone: W.W.I, 205, 41): 
MHG. goffe, guffe Hinterbacke, gupf(e) Spitze, Giebel, OBulg. gungti 
biegen, falten, neigen, pre-gybati beugen, Russ. o-gybu Bug, Bogen, 
Lett, gubt sich kriinunen, beugen, guba Heuhaufen, Russ. guba 
Busen, dial. Bai, Bucht, Pol. prze-gub Bug, Kriimmung, Falte, 
Gelenk, etc. Berneker, Et. Wb. 360, 366, 373 with references. Cf. 
Fick III 4 , 136 f . 

117:02. Norw. knlk, nlke the upper projection of the pelvis 
bone, hip bone: Dan. dial, knikke den Kopf auf und ab bewegen, wie 
ein Pferd, das etwas Schweres zieht, MLG. knicken id. Cf. 80:02. 

117:03. Norw. knlkabein hip bone: knlka (117:02)+6em bone 
(77:07). 

117:04. Norw. rcenol hip joint, rcenolbein hip bone. Perhaps 
ON. rd corner, nook, Sw. dial, ro hip (116:02)+ON. hnallr cudgel, 
club, etc. (3:02). 

Knob, Bunch 

117:05. MHG. knorre Knorre an Baumen und Steinen, Huft- 
knochen, Knorpel, knure id., Fels, Klippe, Gipfel. Cf. 116:09. 

Bunch-, Lump-Bone 

117:06. OE. Isban hip bone, MLG. Isben, NHG. Eisbein id., 
Du. ijsbeen, ischbeen Pfanne am Hiiftbein, MDu. ise-been hipbone, os 
sacrum, MLG. Isben Hiiftbein, Eisbein, Germ. *lsa- lump, chunk: 
OE. Is, ON. iss, OHG. Is Eis, ON. eista testicle (142:01), ChSl. isto 
testiculus, OBulg. istesa pi. Nieren, and perhaps Skt. ayah (lump, 
mass of metal) Erz, Eisen, Lat. aes ore, brass, bronze, Goth, aiz Erz, 
Geld, etc. Wood, JEGPh. XIII, 500. For band. 77:07. 

117 : 07. ON. augnakarl pan of the hip joint : auga eye (10 : 06) + 
karl: ker, OSw. kar chest, box, Goth, kas vessel, crock, ON. kgs heap, 
pile. Cf. 110:11. 



136 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Hip Bone 

117:08. OE. hup(p)ban hip bone: hup-: hype hip (116:05) + 
ban bone (77:07). 

Loin Bone 

117:09. OE. lenden-ban loin-bone: lenden loins (118:09) + 
ban bone (77:07). 

Closing Bone 

117:10. MHG. geslozze Schlussbein, Huftknochen: sloz Schloss, 
Riegel, Band, Fessel, sliezen schliessen, OHG. sliozan, etc. 

Block Bone? 

117:11. Far. blfikubein hip bone: Dan. dial, blok field ridge, 
Dan. blok block, Norw. blokk, Sw. block block, pulley. Cf. 160:05. 
For bein bone cf. 77:07. 

118. Flank, Side, Loin 
Expanse 

118:01. Goth, /era Seite, Gegend, Glied des Korpers, OHG. 
/era, fiara Teil, Seite, fiaren eine Richtung geben, wenden, wozu 
bringen: Lett, pe're Stirn. Mikkola, Ursl. Gr. 59. 

118 : 02. ON. sida, Sw. sida, Dan. side side, flank (of body), coast, 
OE. side side (of body, of house, etc.), also indicates direction, OFris. 
side, OS. sida, OHG. slta, sltta Seite: ON. sidr, Sw., Dan. sid long, 
hanging down, wide, OE. sld spacious, capacious, broad, long, sldian 
extend, MLG. sit, side niedrig, breit. 

Slope, Slant 

118:03. ON. Mid, Norw. led Seite: OE. hlip slope, hill-side, hill, 
ON. Mid, Norw. li, ODan. lid, OHG. llta, NHG. Leite Abhang, 
Berghalde, Gr. kKltvs, kXltos slope, hill, k\ltos slope, region, clime, 
k\1<tls a bending, reclining, clime, Lith. szlaitas Berghalde, Ir. 
cliathan Seite, Brust: Goth. Mains Hugel (Norw. lein Abhang) Lat. 
cllnare, etc. Cf. Walde 2 170 with references. Cf. 61:01. 

Empty Place, Hollow 

118:04. MHG. wueste, wuoste ode Gegend, Wildnis, Wliste, 
Endlosigkeit, Weiche, Gegend zwischen Weiche u. Hufte, OHG. 
wuostl Wiiste, wuosti wust, ode, leer, Lat. vastus. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 137 

Soft Mass 

118:05. MHG. lumbe, lumpe Lende, Weiche lumbel, lummel, 
OHG. lumbal Lendenfleisch, MLG. lumbel, lummal(en), lummelte 
Eingeweide der Tiere, als Lunge u. Leber, auch: Lendenfleisch, 
early Du. lemmer Lendenfleisch (Kil.), Du. lumme Hinterstuck vom 
Rinde, lummeharst ein Nierenstiick vom Rinde. Regarded as a loan- 
word from Lat. lumbus, lumbulus, lumbellus. Perhaps rather genuine 
Germ, words modified by these : Germ. *lumb- soft mass, lump. 

Thin Part 

118:06. MHG. diinne die Weiche: dunne, OHG. dunni diinn, 
Lat. tenuis, etc. 

118:07. OHG. hlanca, lancha, lanca, MHG. lanche, lanke Hiifte, 
Seite, Lende, Weiche, MLG. lanke lumbus: OE. Mane, NE. lank 
diinn, mager, schmal, schmachtig, schlank. Cf. Schade 405. 

Soft, Yielding Part 

118:08. MHG. weiche Weichheit, die Weiche am menschl. 
Korper: weich weich, biegsam, schwank, nachgiebig, zart, milde, 
schwach, furchtsam, OHG. weih weich, schwach, OS. wek, OE. wac, 
ON. veikr id. : OHG. wichan weichen, etc. 

118:09. ON. lend, NIcel. lend loin, rump (of a horse), Norw. 
lend loin, hips, Sw. land, Dan. land loin, rump (of beasts), OE., OFris. 
lenden Lendengegend, OHG. lenti, MHG. lende Lende, ren, lumbus, 
der weiche Korperteil liber den beiden Huftknochen, OSw. lynd, etc. : 
Lat. lumbus loiu, OBulg. Iqdvija Lende, Niere (cf. Walde 2 446 with 
references): OPruss. lindan Tal, Goth, land Land, Lith. lindyne 
Schlupfwinkel, landd ein Loch zum Ein- oder Durchkriechen, lendu 
krieche, OE. lendan go, MLG. lenden aufhoren, enden. Wood, MLN. 
XVIII (1903), 16 f.; Lewy, PBB. XXXII (1906), 138. 

118:10. OE. lenden-brtiede loin: lenden loin (118:09) -\-br tied 
flesh (153:07). 

118:11. ODan. lynd, Norw. lund hip (116:11), loin, ON. lundir 
the flesh along the back, the meat inside the back (153:05), OE. lynd 
fat, fatness (154:01), gelynd fat, gelyndu joints of the spine (158:06), 
OHG. lunda Talg. Cf. 118:09. 

118 : 12. ESw. lunka loin. Probably for *lund-ka to lund above. 
Or an ablaut-form to 118:07. 



138 PAETS OF THE BODY IN 

Cross 

118:13. Dan. kryds cross, chine, loins, Sw., Norw. korsrygg 
loins, reins, lit. cross back. 

119. Groin 
Bend, Hollow, Depression 

119:01. ODan. liuskce, Dan. lyske, OSw. liuske, Sw. ljumske 
Leiste, inguen (with analogical m), dial. (l)juske, NIcel. lioski (not 
given in Zoega), OE. leosca, ME. leske, MLG. lesche, MDu. liesche, 
Du. lies id.: Germ. Heuskan-: MLG. luschen versteckt sein, MDu. 
luuschen, luischen hide away, be hidden, OHG. losken, MHG. 
loschen (probably with o) versteckt, verborgen sein, lusch Versteck, 
Germ, -sk from -tsk or -tk-: MHG. lilz(e) Versteck, Lauer, luzen ver- 
borgen liegen, lauern, OE. lutian lie hid, lurk, skulk, lutan bow, bend, 
turn, fall, ON. luta id., OE. lytel little, OHG. luzzil klein, wenig, etc. 
(cf. Wood, Color-Names, 108 f.; MLN. XVIII, 17). Perhaps here 
also Russ. lytka Bein, Schenkel, Wade, dial, lydy pi. lange Beine, Pol. 
lyda, lydka, lytka Wade, ChSl. lysto nvqixis, tibia, etc. (W.). 

119:02. OE. ge-weald power, genitals (140:19), groin, pi. 
muscles of the neck (149:04). Cf. ON. voir round, etc., 89:06. 

119:03. ON. svangi groins, Norw. svange groin, Sw. dial, svdnge 
groin, arch of the foot (88:01), waist of the body (102:04): ON. 
svangr slim, slender, thin, hungry, Norw. svang empty, thin, "caved 
in," hungry, Sw. dial, svdnger id., svdnga dale, depression, svang 
tighten, made thin, be hungry, svdnga bend (as a road), MHG. swanc 
schwankend, biegsam, schlank, dunn, schmachtig. 

119:04. Sw. dial, slem groin: slemmer oblique, weak, slemm 
obliqueness, MHG. slimp schief, trage, Du. slim schlimm, slimbeen 
schiefbeinige Person, E. slim insufficient, narrow, meager. 

119:05. ON. ndri Vertiefung zwischen Unterleib und Ober- 
schenkel und Weichen, NIcel. ndri, Norw. naare groin: MHG. 
ncerlich knapp, genau, ON. nor Bucht mit engem Einlauf, OHG. 
narwa, MHG. narwe Enge, Verengung, OS. naru, OE. nearu, NE. 
narrow eng. Fick III 4 , 294. 

Cut? 

119:06. OE. scaru groin, private parts (140:21), scaru hair- 
cutting, shaving, tonsure, scear plowshare, scieran cut, shear. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 139 

Curve, Comer 

119:07. ON. hr0rar pi. groin, early Dan., Dan. dial. r0re, 
Norw. r0r, r<f>yr, r0ys, reis, Sw. dial, ror, ros, res groin: Norw. r0r, 
r0yr Kante, Rand, Saum. Cf . 1 16 : 03 and 142 : 1 1 . 

Thigh-Corner 

119:08. Dan. laarkrig groin: laar thigh (76 : 05) H-Zcngr: Norw. 
krik nook, corner. 

Bunch, Hump 

119:09. NIcel. huppur hip (116:07), groin: Norw. hupp thin 
portion between ribs and thighs of slaughtered animals: Norw. 
hump a mountain knoll or small rock, hympe a piece of flesh, NE. 
hump, etc., Skt. kumpa-h das dicke Ende eines Knochens, Lith. 
kumpis Schweineschinken, kumpas krumm, etc. Cf. Fick III 4 , 94. 
Cf. 153:02. 

Small Intestines 

119:10. ON. smd-parmar die kleinen Darme, Leiste. smdr, 
smd, smdtt small, little -\-parmr gut, intestine (136:09). 

Miscellaneous 

119:11. Sw. dial, mduk groin, abdomen: Finnish maukku 
spawn capsule. Cf. 103:21. 

120. Heart 
Thought, Craft 

120:01. Goth, hairto, ON. hjarta, OE. heorte, OFris. herte, OS. 
herta, OHG. herza, etc.: Lat. cor, Gr. Kapdia, Kpadlrj, nrjp, Arm. 
sirt, OBulg. sridice, Lett, sirds, Lith. szirdis heart, Herz, szifdis 
Herz des Holzes, OBulg. sreda Mitte, Lett, serde Mark, Kern des 
Holzes, Cymr. crceidd Herz, Mittelpunkt, Bret, kreis milieu, Skt. 
crad-dhd das Vertrauen, grdd-dddhdti vertraut, glaubt, Lat. credo. 
Cf. Walde 2 191, 199 with references. 

Perhaps like Gr. Svjjlos, a term descriptive of some human activity 
or feeling as expressed in Gr. nep8os gain, profit, advantage, shrewd 
scheme or device, plan, craft, cunning, KepdaXeos shrewd, crafty, 
cunning, Olr. cerd Kunst, Handwerk, etc. (Schrader KZ.XXX, 474). 
This is quite probable if the term was first applied to human beings. 



140 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

If, however, it was a term descriptive of the organ as seen in animals, 
then the primary mg. would be quite different. 

Breast 

120:02. OE. breost breast, chest: mind, heart (not of the organ, 
but as the seat of thought and feeling). Compare the compounds 
breost-cofa (breast-chamber) mind, heart, breost-hord (breast- treas- 
ury) id., breost-sefa (breast-thought: sefa mind, heart) id. For the 
primary mg. of breast cf. 99:05. 

Inner Chamber 

120:03. OE. in-cofa inner chamber: breast, mind (poet.). 

Life-Piece 

120:04. ON. fjgr-sege life-muscle, heart: fjgr life, OE. feorh, 
OS., OHG. ferh,ferah Leben, Goth, fairhwus Welt+ON. sege piece, 
mass, blod-sege, clotted blood, blood-clot. 

Pain 

120:05. ON. negg heart ("hjarta heitir negg", SE. I, 540 10 ): 
Norw. negg sting, pain, sorrow. 

Fire-Cold 

120:06. ON. eiskald, eiskgld, eiskgldr heart (poet.): eisa fire, 
kaldr cold. 

Sack 

120:07. OE. hreper breast (99:14), womb (139:07), heart, 
mind. Cf. herpan testicles (142:09). Here as frequently 'breast' 
is used for 'heart.' 

121. Pericardium 
Chamber 

121:01. MHG. kamer{e) Schlafgemach, hohlenartige Abteilung 
im Herzen. 

Sack 

121:02. MHG. belgelln, belgel Herzbeutel, pericardium: bale, 
balges Balg, Haut, Goth, balgs Schlauch, etc. Cf . 145 : 19. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 141 

Heart-Covering 

121:03. OE. heort-hama pericardium: heort- heart (120:01) + 
ha?na dress, covering, womb (139:11). 

122. Lungs 
Lights 

122:01. ON. lungu, OE. lungen, OFris. lungen{e), OS. lungan- 
nia, OHG. lungun, pi. lungunna lungs; NE. lights lungs: Lith. 
lengvas, Skt. laghuh light. Compare for parallel development Portu- 
guese leve lungs, from Lat. levis light; NE. lights lungs of animals: 
light leicht. 

123. Liver 
Fat 

123:01. ON. Ufr, OE. lifer, OFris. livere, OHG. lebara liver: 
Dan. levres, Norw. livrast gerinnen, MHG. liberen id., Skt. limpdti 
beschmiert, Gr. Autos haftende, fettige Masse, Fett, 01, Xi7ra Fett, 
Xt7rapos fett, gesalbt, stark, Lith. limpu klebe. Zupitza 12 ff. 

123 : 02. Sw. dial, lyr liver. Probably same word as 123 : 01. 

124. Lobe of the Liver 
Flap 

124:01. OLG. lappa Leberlappen, lobe of the liver, lit. flap. 
124:02. OE. lifer-lceppa lobe of liver: lifer liver (123:01) + 
Iceppa tag, end, skirt, lobe (of ear, liver). 

125. Milt 
White Mass? 

125:01. ON. milti, OE., OFris. milte, OHG. milzi milt, Sw. 
mjdlte, milt. Ace. to F-T 721 the word is used in several languages 
to denote Fischmilch and would probably, assuming a Germanic 
form *melhtia, be connected with the word milk. Others hold that 
milt is an ablaut form of malt with primary mg. 'white mass.' 

125:02. ESw. mdnte milt. Probably same word as 125:01. 

126. Kidney 
Bunch, Lump 

126:01. OE. cropp sprout, bunch: ear of corn, crop (127:03); 
kidney. Cf. 94:06. 



142 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

126:02. OE. lund-laga kidney: OE. lynd fat, fatness, gelyndu 
joints of the spine, OHG. lunda Talg. For lurid cf. 118:11. For 
laga cf. Zupitza 133: Lat. lacertus arm, OBulg. lakilti, Russ. lokoti, 
Lith. alkune Ellenbogen, and Longob. lagi Schenkel, Gr. c£Xa£ • irrixvs. 

126 : 03. OHG. lentl Niere, Lende (mg. 'Niere' is not in Schade) : 
Lat. lumbus, OBulg. ledvija id. Cf. 118:09. 

126:04. ON. nyra, Dan., Norw. nyre, Sw. njure, OHG. nioro, 
Germ. *neuzan-. Cannot be compared with Gr. ve<j>p6s kidney 
(Fick III 4 , 289) , on which see 104 : 02. The primary mg. was probably 
'bunch, knob' or the like. Compare ON. nosi phallus, membrum 
genitale, 141:47 (W.). 

Fiber, Cord 

126:05. OE. ced(d)ran kidneys: ced(d)re channel for liquids, 
artery, vein (151:01), fountain, river, nerve, sinew (148:06), kidney, 
OHG. adara Ader, Sehne, pi. Eingeweide (136:02), MLG. ader(e) 
Sehne, Flechse des tierischen Leibes, nervus, Rippe in den Pflanzen, 
pi. Eingeweide, Mutterleib, etc.,Gr. ryrop heart, rjrpov belly (Schade 2 3), 
Gr. rirpiop the warp in a web of cloth (Wood, Publ. MLA. XIV, 316). 

127. Crop 
Bunch, Bowl 

127:01. OLG. kelak Kropf, crop, OHG. chelch, cheluch, chelich, 
MHG. keleh struma, Kropf, Unterkinn (from Lat. calix bowl, goblet, 
with secondary development in Germanic? Walde 2 113). Or 
better with F-T 516: ON. kjalki Kinnbacken, Norw. kjelke, Sw. 
kjdlke Handschlitten, Norw. kjelke, Dan. dial, kjp'lk Adamsapfel 
(49:07). Cf. 40:05 and 39:01. 

127:02. Dan. kro, Norw., Sw. dial, krove, ODan. kraave, krave, 
Dan. dial, krave, Norw. kraae, Sw. krdva crop: perhaps related to 
OE. cropp bunch: crop, *etc. (Zupitza 77), and ON. krcefr (ge- 
drungen) stark, tapfer, Norw. krav crust of ice, krave crust over with 
ice. 

127:03. OE. cropp sprout, bunch (of flowers or berries), ear 
(of corn): crop (of bird), kidney (126:01), NE. crop Vogelkropf, 
MLG. krop (toter) Korper, Beule, Auswuchs, struma, Vogelkropf, 
OHG. kropf Gewachs am Halse, Vogelkropf. Cf. 94:06. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 143 

127:04. ON. kverk Kropf (according to Zupitza, Gutt. 87). 
A mistake? Cf. 43:38 and 89:07. 

128. Gizzard 
Swelling, Bunch 

128:01. ON., NIcel. foam, Sw. dial, fur gizzard: Russ. puku 
Biindel, Buschel, Strauss, puci't sa sich heben, aufschwellen, Lith. 
pukszle Beule (W.). 

Little Lump 

128:02. OE. cesol gizzard: OE. ceosol, cisel gravel (Sweet, 
Diet. 33), MHG. kes harter, glatter Boden, Gletscher, ON. kgs 
Haufe, kasa Erde aufhaufen. Cf . Fick III 4 , 42. 

129. Stomach 
Thin, Soft Part 

129:01. MHG. lip, lib Leib, Korper, Magen, ON. lif in com- 
pound lifhinna peritoneum. Cf. 94:48. 

Curve, Hump, Round Object, Belly 

129:02. OE. bile stomach, pitcher, MHG. buck Bauch, Magen, 
Rumpf (112:07). Cf. 103:01. 

Swelling, Sack 

129:03. Sw. dial, kyl large stomach, belly. Cf. 103:07. 

129:04. ESw. holla, balla, badge belly (103:03), stomach, Dan. 
dial, balg bcelg, bailie stripped skin, body stripped of its skin, stomach: 
Sw. dial, jag har out i bdlgen I have stomach ache, Dan. dial, skobcelg 
swollen stomach or belly of people who have overeaten: sko shoe. 
Cf. 94:11, 145:19, 103:03. 

129:05. ON. magi, OFris., Sw. mage, Dan. mave, OE. maga, 
OHG. mago, etc., stomach: OPruss. dantimax Zahnfleisch, Lett. 
maks Beutel, Cymr. megin Blasebalg. Compare for mg. E. belly: 
bellows. Zupitza 135. 

129:06. MHG. sac Sack, Tasche, Magensack, Bauch, Korper. 
Loan-word: Lat. saccus. 



144 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Chyme-Belly, -Sack, -Keg 

129:07. Norw. gorbelg large stomach: ON. gor the cud in 
animals, NIcel. gov cud, chyme (135:42), Norw. gor filth, wet mud, 
chyme+belg belly (103:03). 

129:08. Norw. gorkagge large stomach: gor (135:&2)+kagge 
keg. 

129:09. Norw. gorpose large stomach: gor (135:42)+pose 
sack. 

129:10. Norw. gorsekk large stomach: gor (135:42)+se/c& 
sack (129:06). 

129:11. Norw. gorvomb large stomach: gor (135:42)+^omfe 
(103:12). 

Pack, Bundle 

129:12. Shetl. paggi filled stomach (of sheep), Norw. pagge a 
bundle, MLG. pack(e) Pack, NE. pack. 

Kettle 

129:13. Dan. dial, grutte, grotte stomach: OE. grutt gulf, abyss, 
Sw. gryta, Dan. gryde kettle. Cf . Wood, Mod. Phil. I, 237, 242. 

Barrel 

129:14. Dan. slang svinetfinden stomach: Dan. svin swine -f- 
tfinde barrel. 

129:15. Shetl. keger stomach of certain fish (sturgeon, etc.), 
inflated stomach, Far. kikur inflated stomach of whale: Norw. kik 
inflated sheep skin, used as a buoy. Jakobsen. 

Tub 

129 : 16. Sw. slang baljan the stomach: Sw. balja tub. 
129:17. Sw. slang drtbaljan the stomach, lit. the pea tub: drta 
pea, -[-balja tub. 

Basket 

129:18. Norw. krel, krcel, krcedl stomach, belly (103:10), 
Scotch dial, creel, creil basket, food-basket, stomach (Aasen 381), 
OE. cradel, cradol cradle( ?) 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 145 

Lyre, Barrel Organ 

129:19. Dan. dial, lire Leierkasten, Magen: hqj smfir hans lijr 
he gourmandizes, lit. he smears his lyre. 

Chest 

129:20. MHG. haste Kasten, Behalter, bewohntes Haus, weibl. 
Brust (99:34), Magen, Stirn (6:08). 

129:21. Sw. slang tjista stomach: Sw. kista chest. 

Bread Box 

129:22. Sw. slang kusladan the stomach: Sw. kuse bread roll + 
lada box. Compare NE. bread-basket stomach. 

Food Crop 

129:23. Sw. dial, matakrdfva stomach: mat iood+krdfva crop 
(127:02). 

Pocket 

129:24. Sw. dial, maffikka small stomach, pudendum muliebre 
(143:26). Perhaps for mag-ftcka: mage stomach (129: 05) -\-ficka 
pocket. 

Fat 

129:25. ON. istra, istra-magi Fettmagen: istr, istra Einge- 
weidefett (154:07). 

A Crammed or Stuffed Object 

129:26. Bornh. pdmpa stomach, belly (103:11): pdmpa stuff, 
Norw. pempa seg sich mit Trank fiillen, pampa sich stoffen, ME. 
pampren pamper, Sw. dial, pampen aufgedunsen, Sw. pimpla viel 
trinken, Norw. pump liden tyk og tung figur, pumpen bloated, 
EFris. pumpel dicke, plumpe, watschelig gehende Person, Swab. 
pfumpfel grober, unbehilflicher Mensch, Als. pfumpf Stoss, knorriger 
Auswuchs an einem Baumstamm, kleine kugelige Nase, dicker, 
kleiner Kerl, pfumpf en stossen, einsticken, mit Miihe hineinpressen, 
gepfumpft gedrangt voll, etc. 

129:27. Dan. dial, prip belly, stomach: at have prippen fuld 
to have the stomach full, speaking mostly of children: at prippe mad 



146 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

i b0rn to stuff food into children, Sw. dial, primpa, prippa eat and 
drink immoderately, EFris. prampen, prampsen driicken, pressen, 
stopfen, stampfen. 

Projecting Stomach 

129:28. Shetl. brinnamogi the foremost part of a fish stomach 
connected with the gills: ON. brynn projecting, or: ON. brunnr well, 
channel, mouth: ON. magi stomach. Jakobsen. 

Flap, Wrapper 

129:29. OE. wamb stomach, womb. Cf. 103:12. 

Tangle 

129:30. Sw. dial, kdlu stomach: kal tangle. 
Interior 

129:31. OE. innop interior: intestines (135:04), stomach, 
womb (139:01). 

Hull, Hollow 

129:32. Sw. slang skrov body (94:35), stomach: Sw. skrov a 
ship's hull, Sw. dial, skra ship's hull, stomach. 

129:33. Goth, suqnis gen. sing. Magen occurs only as a mar- 
ginal gloss for qipaus I. Tim. 5:23. 

Vest (Waist) 

129:34. Sw. colloq. vast stomach: en knapp i vdsten a drink, lit. 
a button in the vest. 

Heart 

129 : 35. Dan. paafastende hjerte on an empty stomach, lit. on an 
empty heart. Compare for mg. E. heartburn or French mal au 
coeur, in which heart is used for stomach. 

130. Pit of the Stomach oe Belly 
Pit of the Heart 

130:01. Dan. hjertekule pit of the stomach, lit. pit of the heart: 
hjerte heart (120:01) +kule pit, hollow, waist (102:05). 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 147 

130:02. OE. newe-, niwe-, nu-seopa pit of the belly: OE. neowol, 
nifol, nihol, nihold, neol, nivol prone, prostrate, deep down, low, 
profound, seop money bag, purse, pouch, ON. sjodr money bag. 

131. Rumen 
Long Stomach 

131:01. ESw. langmage the first stomach of ruminants: lang 
long -\-mage stomach (129:05). 

Flap, Wrapper 

131:02. Sw. vam rumen: Goth, wamba, etc. Cf. 103:12. 

Chyme-Belly 

131:03. ESw. gorrvdm, Norw. gorvomb one of the stomachs of 
ruminants, Norw. gor mire, mud, chyme (135:42)+Sw. vam, Norw. 
vomb (103:12). 

Swelling 

131:04. ON. bumbr belly, rumen. Cf. 103:02. 

Something Sticky 

131:05. Shetl. glassi rumen of a cow, large intestines of a cow. 
Probably connected with Norw. klessa stick, smear. Jakobsen. 

Channel, Pipe 

131:06. OE. wdsend, wdesend windpipe, throat, ruminating 
stomach. Cf. 43:18. 

132. Reticulum 
Curly Bag 

132:01. ESw. kruspase ( = Sw. natmage) reticulum: Sw. krusa, 
vb. curl, wrinkle -\-pdse sl small bag. 

Net-Stomach 

132 : 02. Sw. natmage reticulum : ndt net+mage stomach (129 : 05) . 

Mesh-Cover 

132:03. Sw. dial. mdskhat(e) the second stomach of ruminants: 
Sw. maska mesh.-\-hatt cover, hat (1:53). 



148 PAKTS OF THE BODY IN 

Hood 

132:04. Norw. fagerhuva, fagrehuva, fairehuaa, huva the second 
stomach of ruminants: fager fair -\-huva hood. 

Band 

132:05. Sw. dial, bdnnan second stomach of ruminants: bana 
band, ON., Sw. band band, cord, bdnda bind. 

133. Omasum 
Leaf-Belly 

133:01. ESw. bladbuk the third stomach of ruminants: blad 
leaf +buk belly (103:01). 

Leaf-Stomach 

133:02. Sw. bladmage, Dan. bladmave, stomach of ruminants: 
blad leaf+Sw. mage, Dan. mave stomach (129:05). 

133:03. ESw. bldddra = blad i bladmagen leaf in the omasum: 
Sw. blad leaf. 

Flap 

133:04. ON., NIcel. laki, Shetl. laki, lakhi, Norw. lake the third 
stomach of ruminants: Norw. lake Zipfel, Lappen, Gr. \ayoov Weiche. 
Compare for mg. Gr. \airapr) Leiste, Weiche : ON. lafa schlaff hangen. 

133:05. Norw. marlake the third stomach of ruminants. Prob- 
ably for *marglake der Viellappige: -lake (133:04). Compare for 
mg. Sw. mangfall id. Cf . F-T 620. 

133:06. ODan. lag(e)lcep Blattermagen : lagen gewebtes Zeug, 
Decke, Dan. lagen, Sw. lakan sheet (133 : 04) +Dan. Icep, lobe (21 : 01), 
Icebe lip (33:07), Norw., Sw. lapp Lappen, Fetzen (20:04). 

133:07. Sw. dial, lappa-kalun omasum: lappa: Sw. lapp flap, 
patch, +kalun? Cf. 135:36. 

Fifteen-lipped 

133:08. Sw. dial, fdmtan-ldpa the third stomach of ruminants: 
fdmtan fifteen+Zape lip. Cf . 32 : 07, 21 : 01, 20 : 04. 

Fold-Stomach 

133:09. Norw. foldmave the third stomach of ruminants: fold 
fold, plait, crease -\-mave stomach (129:05). 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 149 

Manyfold 

133:10. Sw. dial, mangfaldu, mangfalla the third stomach of 
ruminants, lit. manyfold. Compare for mg. E. manyplies omasum, 
lit. manyfold. 

Curly Bag 

133:11. Sw. dial, kruskuppen the third stomach of ruminants: 
krusa vb. curl, wrinkle -\-kuppa bag of skin or cloth. 

Curly Hood 

133:12. Sw. dial, krushdttan the third stomach of ruminants: 
krusa, vb. curl, wrinkle -\-hdtta sl small hood. 

Band 

133:13. Sw. dial, ndstbdnnan the third stomach of ruminants: 
ndst: nysta, Sw. nystan ball, clue, nysta wind into balls, Norw. n0ste 
Knauel, ON. hnoda id., bann band (132:05). 

Skin 

133:14. Norw. fill the third stomach of ruminants: filla skin, 
cover (145:22). 

Book 

133:15. Sw. dial, bok book, the third stomach of ruminants? 

Cover (of Colon) 

133 : 16. Dan. dial, rajehat the third stomach of cows: raje colon, 
intestine (136:31), abomasum (134:06)+/ia£ hat, cover. 

(Colon) Intestine 

133:17. Dan. dial, rajtarm the third stomach of sheep: raje 
(133: 16) -Harm intestine (136:09). 

134. Abomasum 
Bag 

134:01. Sw. dial. p0sa (-Sw. lopmage) the fourth stomach of 
ruminants: Sw. pase a small bag, Dan. p0s a bucket. 

134:02. ESw. vdnstre, Norw. vinstr, NIcel. vinstur the fourth 
stomach uf ruminants: OHG. wanast, wanest, MHG. wanst abdomen 



150 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

(103:06), NHG. Wanst (auch Blattmagen) : Skt. vanisthu-h, Mast- 
darm, vasti Harnblase, Lat. venslca (Fick III 4 , 389), Lat. venter 
Bauch. Cf . Fick I 4 , 130, Walde 2 816 f . with references. 

Flap 

134:03. Sw. dial, sladdan abomasum: NLG. sladde, MLG. 
slatte Lumpen, Fetzen. 

134:04. Sw. dial, slippran, slappran the fourth stomach of 
ruminants: Sw. slapp lax, slack, sldppa let go, slipprig slippery. 
Cf. 7:01. 

Patch or Violin? 

134:05. Norw. jela — botning (134:07) the fourth stomach of 
ruminants : fela patch in the overleather of a shoe, or fela violin (on 
account of similarity in shape ?) . 

134:06. Dan. dial, rai, raje, raien colon, intestine used in 
sausage-making (136:31), the fourth stomach of calves or sheep. 

Bottom 

134:07. Norw. botning, botn, bytning, botalange, botlangje the 
fourth stomach of ruminants. 

Curdler, Rennet (Stomach) 

134 : 08. Dan. If/ibe rennet, the fourth stomach of ruminants, Sw. 
lopmage rennet stomach: Dan. l<fbe sammen gerinnen, Far. leypa 
spring, run, coagulate, become thick, Norw. lopen coagulated, ESw. 
lupi thick, sour (of milk), ON. hlaupa laufen, etc. 

135. Entrails (Viscera) 

Inner Parts, Inwards 

135:01. ON. idr, innr pi. idrar inwards, entrails: innar drinnen 
innre, idre inner. Though these may be connected in form with 
Gr. evrepa intestines, Skt. antrdm id., the meaning 'intestines, entrails' 
probably developed independently in the various languages. 

135 : 02. OHG. innaht Inneres, viscera. 

135:03. OE. innanweard inward: ftcet innanwearde the entrails, 
NE. inwards. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 151 

135:04. OE. innop interior, intestines, stomach, womb, OHG. 
innodi viscera intestina, innodili intestina. 

135:05. OE. inne-fare intestines, inwards. 

135:06. ON. (late) innsteri loan-word from MLG. inster Einge- 
weide, ON. istr, istra paunch-fat (154:06), Norw., Sw. ister lard, 
ODan. istre fat, kidney-fat: OPruss. instran Flaumen, Lat. intus 
within, Gr. ivrbadia Eingeweide, Lat. intestina id., intestinus inner. 
Fick III 4 , 25. 

135:07. ON. innylfi, innyfli, innifli, ODan. indulve, indelfve, 
Sw. inalvor, OE. innielfe, inifli Eingeweide: OHG. innuovili id. 
F-T 466: "Dieses wort scheint ursprtinglich ein substantiviertes adj. 
von derselben bildung wie got. daupubleis 'zum tode bestimmt' zu 
sein." 

Inside of the Slaughtered Animal 

135:08. MHG. in-geslehte Eingeweide: in innen, geslehte das 
Schlachten, das Geschlachtete, die Eingeweide von geschlachtetem 
Gefliigel nebst Kopf und Gliedern. 

In-Growlers 

135:09. MHG. in-geriusche Eingeweide: in innen, geriusche 
Gerausch, Larm, ruschen, riuschen Gerausch machen, eilig und mit 
Gerausch sich bewegen. 

Inner Apparatus 

135:10. MHG. ingereite Eingeweide: in innen, gereite Aus- 
riistung, Gerate, MLG. gerede, -reide Gerat, Zuriistung, Schmuck, 
apparatus, MHG. gereite fertig, bereit, Goth, garaips angeordnet, 
bestimmt, raidjan anordnen, festsetzen. 

Inner Dress 

135:11. MHG. in-gewant Eingeweide, MLG. ingewant, -wende 
Eingeweide, Hausrat, MDu. ingewant, Du. ingewand Eingeweide: 
MHG. gewant Kleidung, Rustung, Gewandstoff, Zeug, winden 
winden, ringen, drehen, wickeln, urn-, einwickeln, etc. 

In-Hollow 

135:12. ESw. inhulvor, innanhulvor, inholmur, innanhulmor, 
probably ON. holfenn hollow, hvdlf vault, concavity, OE. hwealf 



152 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

vaulted: hollow, concave, Norw- kvelv something curved, NIcel. 
hvilft hollow, Goth, hwilftri Sarg (W.). 

What Is Placed Within 

135:13. MHG. in-getiieme, -tilemede Eingeweide, Hausrat, Ver- 
mogen, bes. was die Frau ins Haus gebracht hat, MLG. ingedome, 
-dom(e)te id., MDu. ingedoeme entrails, household goods, ingedoemte, 
-doemet bosom, inner circle (of church), inside, heart, household 
goods: OHG., MHG. tuom Macht, Wurde, Besitz, Zustand, Urteil, 
Gericht, Goth, doms Urteil, Skt. dhdma Sitz, Wohnstatte, Gesetz, 
dddhdti setzt, etc. 

Food (Found) Within 

135:14. Sw. dial, innan-mat entrails: innan within+ma£ food, 
Dan. dial, indmad entrails: ind within -{-mad food. 

Small Food 

135:15. Sw. dial, smd-mat inward, intestine, lung, liver, flesh 
on the head. 

(Inner) Coils 

135:16. MHG. geweide, ingeweide Eingeweide, from Germ. 
*waipia twist, convolution: OHG. wlda Weide, wid Strick aus 
gedrehten Reisern, Lat. vltis, etc. Wood, MLN. XVII (1902), 7; 
Fick IIP, 406. 

135:17. Dan. indvolde, Norw. innvbl inwards: ind, inn in+ 
volde, vol dicker langlicher Muskel: ON. vil entrails (135:18). 

135:18. ON. vil entrails: OE. weoloc, weolc, Du. welk, wulk 
Trompeterschnecke; IE. *vel drehen, winden: Gr. eXi£ (F-T 466), 
eXt/ces die Windungen einer Schnecke, die Windungen der Einge- 
weide. Fick III 4 , 400. 

135 : 19. NIcel. slog eatable entrails of fish, Norw. slog, slo (Aasen 
706) entrails of fish: NIcel. slaga cruise, tack, reel, totter, Norw. 
slaga tack, go in a crooked line, reel, totter. 

135:20. ON. slang die essbaren Eingeweide, NHG. Geschlinge 
Eingeweide: OHG. slingan winden, flechten. 

135 : 21. Goth, hairpra Eingeweide, OHG. herdar, OE. hreper id. : 
Goth, haurds, ON. hurd Tur, OHG. hurt, OE. hyrdel, NE. hurdle 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 153 

Hiirde, Flechtwerk, Skt. kata-h Matte, krndtti spinnt, cftdti ver- 
kniipft, heftet zusammen, Gr. /cdpraXos Korb, Lat. crates Flechtwerk, 
Ir. certle Garnball, OPruss. korto Gehege. Zupitza 111 with refer- 
ences. 

135:22. MHG. krage Hals, Schlund, Kragen am Rocke, Ge- 
krose. Cf. 41:02. 

135:23. Sw. dial, inkranger inwards: in within -\-kranger: Sw. 
krdnga careen, heel (as a ship), krangla make difficulties, be fussy, 
Norw. krangla quarrel, complicate a matter by unnecessary objec- 
tions, ON. kring around, Norw. kringla disk, circle, orb, Norw. 
kring, kringel circle, ring, Sw. omkring around, kringla Kringel, 
etc., OE. cringan, crincan occumbere, Lith. grqiiu, grezti drehen, 
winden, Gr. (3po X os Schlinge. Cf. Fick IIP, 52. Cf. 153:18 and 
41:02. 

135 : 24. Norw. kraas fat around the intestines of animals, also 
a certain part of the intestines of a calf, Sw. kras chitterling, inmeats. 
Loan-words from LG. kros Eingeweide von Gansen, MDu. croos 
Eingeweide geschlachteter Tiere, MHG. (ge-)kroese Gekrose, das 
kleine Gedarm: krus gelockt. F-T. 

135:25. MHG. krebe Eingeweide: MHG. krebe Korb, OHG. 
korb id., krippa Krippe, OE. cribb crib, OHG. krapfo Haken, gebogene 
Klaue, Kralle, Krapfen, etc.: Lith. grobai Gedarme, OPruss. grobis 
Darm. Wood, IF. XVIII, 11. 

Winding Bowels 

135:26. Dan. dial, rinketarme the thin bowels: rinke gather up 
a rope in loops, Sw. rynka wrinkle. 

135:27. MHG. beischerl, beischel das obere Eingeweide eines 
geschlachteten Tieres, Gericht aus dem Geschlinge (Herz, Lunge, 
Leber, Milz) von Tieren: Grimm, Wb. I, 1199: bduschel exta, das 
gesammte obere Eingeweide eines geschlachteten Tieres, Herz, Lunge, 
Milz und Leber : bauscheln ungeschickt zusammenlegen. 

(Tangled) Web 

135:28. OE. gewyrce inwards (of pig) (Sweet): OHG. werk, 
werach Werg, MLG. werk Werg, Hede, Honigwabe, EFris. wark 
Werg, Wabe, MLG. werken weben, wirken, etc. 



154 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

? 

135:29. OE. burse, burs (Thone, 32: Lo. 71-72) Bauchnetz, 
Gekrose: OHG. barsa, borsen adipem, Thur. bors Bauchnetz der 
Schweine, borsel, Dan. brissel Druse. Thone 32. 

Bunch, Clump 

135:30. MHG. gebutze Eingeweide, MLG. gebutte, ingebutte 
Eingeweide der Fische, exentera: MHG. butze Masse, Klumpen, 
butzen turgere, NHG. Steir. putzen, butzen Klumpchen weichen 
Stoffes aller Art, Knospe, knotig verdickte Stelle der Haut, botzen 
Knospe, Spross, Keim, Samen- oder Kerngehause bei Kernfrucht, 
etc. 

Swelling 

135:31. OE. pumle entrails, from *pumble: ON. pomb ausge- 
spannter, aufgedunsener Magen, Bauch, pomb fern, aufgeschwollen, 
dick, pamba den Magen durch iibermassiges Trinken ausspannen, 
gierig trinken, etc. Liden, IF. XIX, 363 f . 

135:32. MHG. kutel Eingeweide von Tieren: NHG. Kutteln 
Kaldaunen: Goth, qipus Leib, Mutterleib, OHG. quiti vulva, OE. 
cwip, ON. kvidr Bauch, LG. kilt Eingeweide (Weigand I 5 , 1182). 
Cf. 139:04. 

Piece 

135 : 33. MHG. kutel-vlec Eingeweide von Tieren : kutel (135 : 32) 
+vlec (135:34). 

135:34. MHG. wampen-vlec Eingeweide von Tieren: wambe, 
wampe Bauch (103:12), Wanst, bes. Mutterleib (139:08), Mutter- 
schoss, unedle Eingeweide geschlachteter Tiere, vlec Stuck Zeug, 
Flicke, Lappen, Stuck Haut, Schwimmhaut, Stuck zerschnittenen 
Eingeweides, pi. Kaldaunen. 

135 : 35. OE. wamb-hord contents of the stomach, wamb stomach 
(129:29, 103 : 12) +hord hoard. 

Warm 

135:36. MHG. kaldune Eingeweide von Tieren, fr. MLat. 
*caldumen, "wohl als Name eines Gerichtes entlehnt" (Hirt., Et. 
129), Dan. kallun Eingeweide geschlachteter Tiere, vierter Abschnitt 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 155 

im Magen der Wiederkauer, Sw. dial, kallun Eingeweide, fr. MLG. 
kallunen, kaldunen Eingeweide. "Zugrunde liegt calidus warm, 
indem kallun eigentlich die noch warmen Eingeweide neugeschlachte- 
ter Tiere sind." F-T 487. 

Mid-Skin 

135:37. OE. mid-hrif midriff, diaphragm, also entrails. Cf. 
105:09. 

Body-Hoard 

135:38. OE. lic-hord interior of body, body. Cf. 94:03. 

Parts within the Bosom 

135:39. OE. an-sceat, -sceot the bowels: an in, on+sceat lap, 
bosom, etc. Cf. 99:01. 

Breast 

135:40. Goth, brusts Brust, Eingeweide: OS. briost Brust, In- 
neres. Cf. 99:05. 

Lungs 

135 : 41. MHG. ge-lunge die Lunge mit den edleren Eingeweiden. 
Cf. 122:01. 

Filth 

135:42. Sw. dial, gar filth, pus in the intestines, inwards: Sw. 
gorr, gar pus, contents of the stomach, ON. gor the half-digested 
fodder in the inwards of animals, NIcel. gor cud, chyme, OE. gor 
dung, dirt, NE. gore clotted blood, MDu. goor filth, slime, MLG. gore 
Mistpfiitze, OHG. gor dung, Swiss gur fresh droppings, NIr. gaorr 
filth in the intestines. Tamm 229. 

135:43. Dan. dial, gramme entrails of fish, Bornh. groms entrails 
(of fish): Dan. grums Bodensatz, Sw. grummel id., MDu. grom 
Eingeweide, NFris. grom, gram, grim id., OFris. grum Bodensatz, 
Schmutz, Swiss grummele kleiner Brocken, Brosamen, Griebe. 
Fick III 4 , 142. 

Rubbish, Scraps 

135:44. Sw. dial, irikr&m entrails: in within -\-krdm: Sw. kram 
diverse minor articles of merchandise, from MLG. krame Zeltdecke, 



156 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

mit Leinwand bedeckte Handeisbude, die in Krambuden ausgelegten 
Waaren, NHG. Kram rubbish. 

135:45. Dan. dial, omrask inwards of slaughtered animals: 
heart, liver, kidneys, piece of flesh torn off: Norw. rask offal, scraps, 
rubbish, ODan. rask trifles, NIcel. rask fish offal. 

135 : 46. Sw. dial, ftsk-res inwards of fish, fish scales, res inwards, 
refuse, fish scales. 

135:47. Dan. dial, kising, kissing entrails. 

136. Entrails (Intestines) 
Net 

136:01. OHG. nezzi adeps intestini, pi. intestina, MHG. netze 
Netz, Netz um die Eingeweide, OE. nette caul: Goth, nati Netz, etc. 
Cf. 144:01. 

Fiber, Cord 

136:02. OHG. adara, MHG., MLG. ader Ader (151:01), 
Sehne (148:06), pi. Eingeweide, OHG. i(n)nddiri, MHG. incedere 
viscera, intestina: Gr. rjrop Herz, r\rpov Bauch. Schade 2 3. For 
mg. compare Lat. fibra fiber, filament, entrails. Cf. 126:05. 

136:03. ON. ggrn Darm, garnar pi. Eingeweide: ON., NIcel. 
gam, OE. gearn Garn, OHG. mitti-garni, mittila-garni, OE. micgern 
Eingeweidef ett : Lith. zarna intestina, Skt. hird Ader, hira-h Band, 
Giirtel, Lat. hernia Darmbruch, Gr. x°P^V Darm, Darmsaite. Walde 2 
360 with references. Cf. 105:08. 

136:04. Norw. gjerne entrails of fish: Icel. girni (Haldorsen). 
Collective form of Norw. gorn, garner. Cf. 136:03. 

136 : 05. OE. pearm-gewind intestines : pearm intestine (136 : 09) 
-\-gewind anything spiral, winding path, windan wind, twist, weave. 

Passage 

136:06. Dan. dial, gicel, giel, pi. gield, gielder entrails of fish: 
Dan. gjcelle gill. Cf. 45:02. 

Need-Passage 

136:07. NIcel. parfa-gangur rectum, urine, excrements: porf 
need, use, necessity (Goth, parba Mangel, Dlirftigkeit, etc.) + 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 157 

NIcel. gangur walk, course, passage, ON. gangr, Goth, gaggs Gang, 
Gasse. 

Spout, Channel 

136:08. OE. guttas entrails, NE. gut: ME. gote channel, MLG. 
gote Guss, Rinne, Abflusskanal, NHG. Gosse gutter, Goth, giutan 
giessen, etc. Skeat. 

Hole 

136:09. ON.parmr, Dan., Sw. tarm, OE. pearm, OFris. therm, 
MLG. darm, OHG. daram, MHG. darm Darm, Gr. Topfxos hole, 
socket, rprj/jLa hole, repeco bore, pierce. Schade 2 96; Kluge s.v. Darm. 

End Gut 

136:10. Sw. dndtarm, Dan. endtarm rectum: Sw. dnda, dnde 
end, Dan. ende end-{-tarm gut, intestine (136:09). 

Bottom Gut 

136:11. Sw. dial, bottentarm rectum: Dan. bundtarm rectum: 
Sw. botten, Dan. bund bottom+farm gut, intestine (136:09). 

Arse Gut 

136:12. ESw. arstarm, Sw. dial, ars-tharmbr rectum: Sw. ars 
podex (112:03)+tarra gut, intestine (136:09). 

Back Gut 

136:13. OE. boec-pearm rectum, boec-pearmas bowels: bcec back 
+pearm entrail (136:09). 

136:14. ESw. rapptarm small intestine in sheep, rapp (112:09) 
+tarm (136:09). 

136:15. ESw. slippertarm rectum: slipper- (134:04)+tarm 
(136:09). * 

Fat Intestine 

136:16. OE. smeoru-pearm entrails, anus, longanon, smeoro 
fat, grease, suet, tallow -\-pearm entrail (136:09). 

136:17. Dan. mast-tarm rectum (from German?). Ace. to 
Weigand Mastdarm is for masz-darm (= food-gut). 

136:18. ESw. digertarm large intestine: diger thick -\-tarm 
intestine (136:09). 



158 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

136: 19. ESw. fet-tarm large intestine, Dan. dial, fed-tarm, fjcet- 
tarm large intestine: Sw. jet Dan. fed fat -\-tarm intestine (136:09). 

Small, Thin Intestine 

136:20. OE. smcelpearmas intestines, ESw. smaltarm small 
intestine: OE. smcel narrow, slender, small, Sw. smal thin, narrow 
+OE. pearm entrail, Sw. tarm intestine (136:09). 

136:21. Dan. dial, smd-tarm thin intestine of a slaughtered 
animal: smd little, th.m-\-tarm intestine (136:09). 

136 : 22. ESw. granntarm small intestine : grann narrow, slender, 
fine+torm intestine (136 : 09) . 

136:23. Dan. tynd-tarm thin intestine: tynd thin+tarm intes- 
tine (136:09). 

Slice 

136:24. OE. sncedel (-pearm) the great gut: snced morsel, slice 
of food, OE. sncedan cut into slices, hew, trim, prune, snlpan cut 
into, cut off, cut to pieces. 

136:25. NIcel. ristill large intestines, shingles (a disease), 
colter of a plow: rista cut, slash, slit, carve, rista cut, slit, slash, 
turf cutting. 

Miscellaneous 

136:26. ESw. svinrossa large intestine in swine: rossla grunt. 
136 : 27. Sw. dial, loke one of the intestines in ruminants. 

Pluck 

136:28. OE. ropp intestine, colon, ME. rop (pi. roppes), intes- 
tine, MDu. rop, roppe entrails of animals, fish-intestines: MLG. 
roppen rupfen, MHG. ropjen, rupfen rupfen, Goth, raupjan id. 
Wood, JEGPh. XIII, 506. 

Moist Mass 

136:29. ON. gola colon, intestinum crassum, Sw. gbl gurges, 
MLG. gole, got morass, MLG., EFris. gola, gbl tide-water basin 
beside a canal, MHG. guile pool (meant to be a translation of Lat. 
colum, Fritzner 624): Gr. x^Xos juice, moisture, chyle, xvpbs juice, 
liquid, x^ w pour, etc. (W.). 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 159 

Hiding-Place 

136:30. Sw. dial, fjdlster sausage skin, intestine: fjala stuff, 
OSw. fjalster, fjcelster hiding-place, fjcela, fjala, Dan. fjode, ON. fela 
hide, conceal. 

136:31. Dan. dial, rai, raje, rajen colon, intestine used in 
sausage-making, the fourth stomach of calves or sheep (134:06). 

137. Appendix 
Bottom 

137:01. Shetl. botli (for *botni) appendix in sheep, Sw. dial. 
botn, botning, ESw. bottnare appendix. 

137:02. ESw. bottentarm, tarmbotten appendix: botten bottom 
-\-tarm intestine (136:09). 

137:03. ESw. bottenkorg appendix: botten bottom -\-korg basket. 

137:04. Sw. dial, bottenkdr processus vermiformis: botten 
bottom -\-kar: Sw. kar vat, kdril, kdrl vessel. 

137:05. Sw. dial, bottenbror processus vermiformis: botten 
bottom +br or brother. 

137:06. Sw. dial, bottenkarlsbroder processus vermiformis: bot- 
ten bottom -f kar I: Sw. kdrl vessel+broder brother. 

137:07. Sw. dial, bdk'nkar appendix: bak'n bottom -{-kar 
vessel, tub. 

Blind Gut 

137:08. Sw., Dan. blindtarm, OE. blind-pearm appendix, 
caecum : blind+Sw., Dan. tarm intestine, OE. pearm entrail (136 : 09) . 
Compare NHG. Blinddarm. 

Without Mouth 

137:09. OE. cemupa appendix, lit. without mouth. Cf. 26:01. 

138. Bladder 
Swelling 

138:01. MHG. blase Blase, bes. Harnblase, Sw. urinblasa 
bladder: urin urine+blasa Blase: OHG. bldsa Blasa, bldsan, MHG. 
blasen blasen, Goth, -blesan id.: OHG. blden blasen, blahen, etc. 
Cf. 138:04. 



160 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

138:02. Sw. dial, mig-blasa bladder: mig urme+bldsa (138:01). 

138:03. Sw. gallblasa gall-bladder (138:01). 

138:04. ON., NIcel. bladra blister; bladder, Sw. dial, bldddra, 
ODan. blcedre, Dan. blcere Blase, Dan. urinblcere urinary bladder, OE. 
blcedre bladder, OS. blddara, OHG. bldtara, MHG. bldter Blase, Harn- 
blase, Blatter: OHG. blden blahen, etc. Cf. 138:01. 

Little Cask 

138:05. OE. tyncen bladder? Dimin. of tunne cask. 

139. Womb 
Interior 

139:01. OE. inna womb: inn in, within, innop interior: intes- 
tines, stomach (129:31), womb. 

Swelling, Bulge 

139:02. OE. bosm, bosom, bosum bosom, breast, womb. Cf. 
99:06. 

139:03. Goth, kilpei Mutterleib: inkilpo schwanger, ON. kelta, 
kjalta lap (99:07), OE. cild child, Skt. jafharam Bauch, jartu-h vulva, 
root *gel- swell: Goth, kalbo Kalb, NE. calf Kalb: Wade, OHG. 
chilburra Mutterlamm, etc. Zupitza 211; Walde 2 331; Fick I 4 , 36. 

Swelling, Sack, Pouch 

139:04. Goth, qipus Leib (94:09), Mutterleib, ON. kvitir, 
OE. cwip, cwipa womb, ODan. kvid, Sw. qved womb, MLG. queden 
Bauchfell (der Eichhornchen), OHG. quiti vulva: OE. cwidele swell- 
ing, boil, OHG. chwadilla, quedilla Hautblaschen, MLG. koder, NHG. 
dial. Koder Unterkinn, Wampe: ON. kodde Polster, OE. codd bag: 
cod, husk, skin (of grape), (Wood, MLN. XVII, 9; XIX, 2), MHG. 
kiutel Unterkinn (39:02), herabhangende Wamme (Lewy, PBB. 
XXXII, 138 f.; Walde 2 95), kutel Kaldaunen, NHG. Kutteln, etc., 
MDu. quadele swelliug, pustule, Swab, quattle ein dicker, fetter 
Junge, qudtten fetter, voller Bauch, etc. Wood, JEGPh. XI, 313 f. 

139:05. ON. konukvidr womb: konu woman+fcwSr womb 
(139:04). 

139:06. ON. modurkvifir, NIcel. modurkvidur womb: modir 
mother (139:22)+«ftr womb (139:04). 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 161 

139:07. OE. hreper breast (99:14), womb, heart (120:07), 
mind. Compare herpan testicles (142:09). 

Flap, Wrapper 

139:08. OE. wamb stomach, womb, OFris. wamme, MLG. 
wamme, OHG. wamba, wampa, MHG. wambe, wampe, wamme Bauch, 
Wanst, bes. Mutterleib. Cf. 103:12. 

Skin 

139:09. OE. hrif, rif womb, belly, ingerif womb, OFris. rif, 
ref id., OHG. href, ref Leib, Mutterleib. Cf . 103 : 14. 

Embrace, Hold 

139:10. OE. fcepm outstretched arms, embrace, bosom, lap, 
womb, envelopment. Cf. 99:15. 

Covering 

139:11. OE. hama dress, covering: womb, OHG. -hamo Hulle, 
Kleid, hemidi Hemd, ON. hamr covering, outer form, body, Goth. 
gahamon bekleiden, etc. Cf. 94:05 and 145:06. 

139:12. OE. feorh-hama womb or caul (?) (Sweet): feorh life 
+hama (139:11). 

139 : 13. OE. cild-hama womb, did child+ftaraa (139 : 11). 

Bed 

139:14. NIcel. leg uterus, womb: leggja lay, place, put, lega 
sickbed, illness, position, site. 

Child-Bed 

139:15. Norw. barn-lcegje womb, barn child -\-lcegje bed, site. 

139:16. MHG. kinde-lege womb: hint Kind+lege das Legen, 
das Gelegte. 

Embryo-Bed 

139:17. Dan. fosterleje uterus, womb: foster fetus, embryo + 
leje couch, lair, cover, bed. 

Embryo-Keep 

139:18. Dan. fostergemme uterus, womb: foster fetus, embryo 
-\-gemme keep, lay by, hide, treasure. 



162 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Birth-Womb 

139:19. NIcel. burdar-leg uterus, womb: burlSur carrying, 
birth-f-Zeg uterus, womb (139:14). 

Genital Limb 

139:20. OE. gecynd-lim womb: gecynd kind, species, gender, 
generation, offspring, genitals (140:04)-f-fo'ra limb (75:01). 

Bearer 

139:21. ODan. bcerende Mutterleib, Dan. b0r womb, uterus: 
bcere bear. Cf. 143:01. 

Mother 

139:22. MHG. muoter Mutter, Gebarmutter, Dan. moder 
mother, womb, uterus, matrix. 

Bearing Mother 

139:23. MHG. ber-muoter Gebarmutter, Mutterleib, vulva: 
bern hervorbringen, Frucht, oder Blute tragen, gebaren -{-muoter 
(139:22). 

139:24. MHG. muoterlip Mutterleib: muoter (139:24)+ftp 
Magen (129:01), Korper (94:48). 

Mother-Belly 

139:25. ON. modur-magi womb: modir mother -{-magi belly, 
stomach (129:05). 

Mother-Bosom 

139 : 26. Dan. moder-sk0d womb : moder mother, womb (139 : 22) 
-\-sk0d bosom, lap (99:01). 

139:27. Dan. moder-grund fundus of the uterus: moder mother, 
womb (139 : 22) +grund ground, foundation. 

139:28. Dan. moder-hals neck of the womb: moder mother, 
womb (139:22) + hals neck (41:06). 

Thin, Soft Part 

139:29. Dan. dial, liv waist of the body (102:08), womb. 
Cf. 94:48. 



older germanic and scandinavian 163 

140. Pudenda (General) 
Creative Organ, Genitalia 

140:01. ON. skop what is fated, one's fate, doom, curse, the 
genitals, OSw. skap membrum virile (141:01): ON. skapa shape, 
form, mold, assign as one's fate or destiny, OHG. scaf(f)on, MHG. 
schaffen gestalten, bilden, bestimmen, einrichten, besorgen, NHG. 
schaffen, etc. 

140:02. OE. cennendlican, cennedan genitals: cennan bear, 
produce, cennendlic genital, cennende parent, cenning begetting, 
birth. 

140:03. OE. gecynd, cynd kind, species, gender, generation, 
offspring, genitals. Cf. 140:02 and 143:03. 

140:04. OE. gecynd-lim womb (139:20), pi. genitals: gecynd 
(140: 04) +Ziro limb (75:01). 

Breeder 

140:05. OE. hagan genitals (Thone 58): MHG. hagen Zucht- 
stier, NHG. colloq. Hegel id., Haksch Zuchtschwein, hecken sich 
paaren, NE. hatch, OBulg. kocani mannliches Glied. Cf. Fick 
III 4 , 68. 

Breeder-Gland 

140:06. OHG. hegadruos, hegidruos, heidros, MHG. hegedruos, 
heidruose Hode (142:29), Schamteil: MHG. hagen (140:05) + 
druos Druse, Beule, Geschwulst. 

Tool 

140:07. OE. getawe apparatus, trappings, armor, arms: mannes 
getawe genitals: tawian prepare (land for sowing), treat (ill), OE. 
tol tool, instrument, ON. tol tools, genitalia, Goth, taujan machen, 
tun, wirken, taui Werk, Tat, OHG. zouwen zurecht machen. 

140:08. Sw. dial, don tool: genitalia. From LG. don, dont 
tool, don do. 

Power 

140:09. MHG. ge-maht, ge-mehte genitalia, penis (141:02): 
maht Vermogen, Kraft, Korperschaft, Anstrengung, Gewalt, Goth. 
mahts, ON. mdttr might, strength, OE. meaht, NE. might, etc. 



164 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Secret Parts 

140:10. Sw. dial, hemlighet secrecy: genitalia. 

140:11. OSw. hemel ting, kernels ting, Norw. heimel-ting geni- 
talia: kernel heimel intimate, private, hem, heim home+ting thing. 

140: 12. Sw. dial, hemelstyg genitalia: hemel (140: 11) +tyg stuff, 
Zeug. 

Shame 

140:13. Sw. blygd shame, private parts: ON. blygd, OSw. 
blyghp shame, ON. bljugr, OSw. blygher, Sw. blyg shy, bashful, coy, 
OHG. blugo, adv., MHG. blue, bliuc zaghaft, schuchtern, verlegen, 
OHG. blugison, bliichison dubitare, titubare, OE. blycgan terrify. 

140:14. Dan. blusel shame, private parts. Cf. 140:13. 

140:15. OHG. scanta, scanda, MHG. schande ignominia, 
Schande, Schamteile: Goth, skanda, OE. scand, OFris. skonde 
Schande. 

140: 16. OE. scamu feeling of shame, modesty, disgrace: private 
parts, OS., OHG. scama, MHG. schame, scham Schande, Beschamung, 
Scham, Schamteile. Cf. 143:48. 

140:17. OE. scam-lim private member: scamu (140:16)+Zim 
limb (75:01). 

Projection 

140:18. Norw. rass podex, pudenda. Cf. 112:03. 

Curve, Arch 

140:19. OE. ge-weald pudenda, inguen, power, genitals, groin 
(119:02), pi. muscles of the neck (149:04). Cf. ON. voir wound, etc., 
89:06. 

140:20. OE. peoh-geweald genitals: peoh thigh (76:07) + 
geweald (140:19). 

Narrow, Thin Part 

140:21. OE. scaru groin, private parts. Cf. 119:06. 

Member of Need 

140:22. ON. purftarlidr genitals: purft need, want, necessity, 
necessary discharge, especially urine +lidr joint, member (75:02). 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 165 

Urinating Organ 

140:23. Sw. dial. pisse-re(d)e genitals: pisse urinate -\-rede 
(142:09). 

140:24. Dan. dial, pissevcerk genitals: pisse urinate + veer k 
work. 

141. Membrum Virile 
Creative Organ 

141:01. OSw. skav membrum virile. Cf. 140:01. 



Power 

141:02. MHG. ge-maht, ge-mehte genitalia, penis. Cf. 140:09. 

Tool, Weapon 

141 : 03. MHG. ge-ziuc Stoff, Zeug, Werkzeug, Waffen, Geschiitz, 
euphem. Zeugungsglied, die Hoden (142:27). 

141:04. OE. wcepen, wcemn weapon: membrum virile. 

141:05. OE. wcepen-gecynd penis: wcepen weapon -{-gecynd 
genitals (140:03). 

Something Small or Pointed, as: Knife, Spear, Rod, Goad, etc. 

141:06. ON. knifr knife: membrum virile. 

141:07. ON. sverd sword: membrum virile. 

141:08. ON. nyrna sverd testicle sword: membrum virile. 
For nyrna cf. 142: 13. 

141 : 09. MHG. meizel Meissel, Lanzette, obsc. penis. 

141:10. MHG. ocker penis (a corruption of atiger Wurf spiess ?) . 

141:11. MHG. man-stap penis: man Mann+sfap Stab, Stock. 

141:12. MHG. wunschel-stap penis: wilnschel, dimin. of wunsch 
Vermogen, Wunsch, Ideal, Zauberstab, Wunschelrute, Gliickwunsch, 
Segen+stop Stab, Stock. 

141:13. MHG. wiinschel-ruote Wunschelrute, penis: wilnschel 
(Ul:12)+ruote Rute. 

141:14. MHG. visier-ruote Visierrute, Eichstab, obsc. penis. 
Compare NHG. Rute in the sense of penis: visieren modellieren, 
darstellen, schildern -\-ruote Rute. 

141:15. ESw. standare penis: Sw. standare stamen, std stand. 

141 : 16. MHG. wazzer-stecke penis, lit. water-pole. 



166 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

141 : 17. MHG. wazzer-stange penis, lit. water-pole. 

141:18. MHG. stude Staude, Busch, Rute, obsc. penis. 

141:19. OHG. zein Reis, Rute, Rohr, Stabchen, Stab, mann- 
liches Glied, Pfeilschaft, Pfeil, Strahl. 

141 : 20. OE. teors membrum virile, calamus, MLG. ters memb. 
vir., OHG., MHG. zers id.: ON. tjasna {Hersnon) Art Nagel. Fick 
III 4 , 158. 

141:21. OE. gadinca penis: gad goad, point. 

141:22. ESw. pick penis: picka pick, pointed stick, etc., vb. 
feminam subigere, Sw. picka pick-axe, vb. peck, tick, click, E. pick 
pick-axe. 

141:23. ESw. pigg penis of small boys: Sw. pigg pick, point. 

141:24. OE. pintel, Norw. pintol, Dan. dial, pint, pintel mem- 
brum virile: E. pintle a little pin, an upright pivot pin, as of a hinge, 
WFlem. pint Spitze, OE. pinn peg, pin, NE. pin, MHG. phinne 
Nagel. Cf. Fick III 4 , 218. 

141:25. ESw. pille penis, Norw. pill, NE. pill, pilly, pillock, 
-ick, Pruss. pit, pille, piller id. 

141 : 26. ESw. pille-kucku penis. 

141 : 27. ESw. pipp penis. 

141 : 28. Sw. pitt membrum virile, dial, pidyn id. : peta stochern, 
Norw. pita id., Westf. pitten gelinde priigeln, Swab, pfitzen mit der 
Gerte, Peitsche leicht schlagen. 

141:29. ESw. hjalvare, hjolvare rowlock, rod which turns the 
beam of a loom: membrum virile, <*hjalm-val: ON. hjdlm-vglr 
helm-wand, helm-handle, the tiller of a helm: hjdlmr helm, tiller. 

141:30. ESw. pelare pillar, penis. 

141:31. MHG. der eilfte vinger penis, lit. the eleventh finger. 
For vinger cf. 62:01. 

141:32. MHG. der eilfte doume penis, lit. the eleventh thumb. 
For doume cf. 68:01. 

141:33. OE. eowend (pointer) membrum virile: eowian, lewan 
show. 

141:34. Sw. dial, spink sparrow, membrum genitale sexus 
masculini: Sw. dial, spink Splitter, spinker long and narrow, spinkag, 
spinket meager, Norw. spinkel schmachtig. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 167 

141:35. Sw. dial, tdnsel membrum virile: tdnsel extension, tana 
tendon, tanig lean, emaciated, long and narrow, tdnja stretch, Goth. 
panjan dehnen. 

141:36. OE. hnoc penis: hnocc hook(?), Icel. hnokki, Norw. 
nokke small iron hook, Sw. nock end, arm of a yard, MDu. nocke 
Einschnitt in einer Pfeilspitze, Du. nok Spitze, Vorsprung, Giebel, 
Raanock, LG. nok, nocke hervorstechendes Ende von etwas, Raanock, 
Norw. nykkja snatch, bend, stick out, nuk, njuk mountain top. Cf. 
F-T 769. 

Lump, Ball, Chunk, etc. 

141 : 37. Sw. dial, dabbe penis of fowl : dabb tough lump of mucus, 
the red lump of flesh over nose of a turkey, dabbe an untidy person, 
a bo'orish, forward man, dabby ill prepared, stupid, awkward, Norw. 
dabbe water pail, E. dab a small lump or patch or some soft substance, 
as butter or paint: ON. dgf rump, etc. Cf. 112:19. 

141:38. ODan., Dan. dial, kok, Norw., Sw. kuk penis, NE. 
cock id. Compare Dan. kok, Sw. dial, kokk, ON. kokkr, OE. cocc, E. 
cock Hahn, Lith. guzys Kropf, Pol. guz Beule, Knorren, etc. Cf. 
43:50. 

141 : 39. ON. nosi phallus, membrum genitale. Perhaps related 
to ON. nyra kidney, testicle (W.). Cf. 126:04. 

141:40. Norw. red, rer penis, Sw. dial, rdr membrum genitale: 
ON. hredjar, pi. scrotum. Cf. 142:09. 

141:41. ESw. balle ball: testicle, penis. Cf. 142:17. 

141:42. Sw. dial, murre penis vel testiculus tauri (142:23): 
Norw. mura bud, sprout. 

141 : 43. ON. hgrund flesh (153 : 15), skin (145 : 29), body (94 : 45), 
membrum virile. 

141 : 44. Dan. dial, kryl Geschlechtsteil bei dem Hahn, der Gans, 
etc. Cf. 110:01. 

141:45. Sw. dial basse penis virilis: basse-rofva a long turnip, 
Sw. basse boor, clodhopper, buffer, Norw. basse a large well-fed 
animal, a big strong man, a restless person, ON. bessi, bersi he-bear, 
Bruin. 

141:46. ESw. pirrel small object in general, puny boy, penis: 
ODan. pirris lebhafter Junge, pir kleiner Stock zum Riihren, Sw. dial. 



168 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

pirra stir (the fire), Norw. pirra tease, irritate, goad, produce a 
buzzing sound by moving to and fro, Dan. dial, pirr sensitive, 
easily irritated, EFris. plren stechen, argern, qualen. 

141:47. ESw. pirvel plug, stump: penis. 

141:48. Sw. dial, pere-vikk, pere-vilk membrum genitale pueri, 
small boy: perre = birre m.sni-\-vikk. 

141 : 49. Dan. dial, pjcevs tuft of wool or hair, a poorly and weak 
person, penis. Cf. 162:112. 

141:50. MHG. wurst Wurst; penis. 

Something That Swings, Dangles, etc. 

141 : 51. Sw. dial, dingli-dang membrum virile : dingla hang loose 
and swing to and fro, dangla swing, E. dangle. 

141 : 52. Dan. dial, rylker male organ of small boys: ryle a snipe- 
like wading bird, rylsk unruhig, weinerlich, rylte be uneasy, move 
to and fro. 

141:53. ESw. fibbul penis. Cf. 114:06. 

141:54. MHG. gimpel-gempel mutwilliger Hiipfer, Springer, 
Penis, Minnespiel: gimpel Zipfel vom Kopftuche, gampel, ge?npel 
Scherz, Possenspiel, gampeln, gampen springen, hupfen, tanzeln, 
gampf das Schwanken. Cf. 112:04. 

141:55. MHG. giXmpel Gimpel (der Vogel), obsc. for penis: 
gumpel Springen, Scherz, gumpen hupfen, springen. Cf. 112:04. 

141:56. Bornh. snorres membri virilis nomina honestiora, Sw. 
dial, snorr id.: Dan. snurre buzz, hum, whir, Sw. snurra whir, spin, 
MLG. snurren schnarren, schnurren, MHG. snurren rauschen, 
sausen, sausend schnell fahren und fahren lassen, Dan. snur slight 
intoxication, twist, sno twist, twine, Sw. sno id., ON. snua turn, 
twist, twine, etc. 

141:57. Bornh. snorrevip membri virilis nomina honestiora: 
snorre (141: 56) +*%>•' Dan. vip move of the balance, bob, vippe 
see-saw, bob up and down, rock, swing, Sw. vip lever, tip, vippa 
bunch, tuft, vippa tilt, tip, wave, wag, etc. 

141:58. MHG. swanz Schwanz, mannliches Glied. Cf. 114:05. 

141:59. ESw. runtgubbe penis: runta walk unsteadily, loaf, 
Norw. runte vagabond, Sw. ranta fidget, scuttle, Norw. vranta, ranta 
walk about aimlessly, stumble about +Sw. gubbe old man. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 169 

141:60. MHG. preller penis: prellen auf-, abprallen, zuriick- 
fahren, sich schnell fortbcwegcn, hervorbrechen, fortstossen, werfen. 

141:61. ESw. klane penis: klana run around when there is no 
call for it, klana old worn-out horse, weak useless man. 

141 : 62. Sw. dial, fokk penis: Sw. fock foresail, Norw. fok drift, 
storm, turmoil, bustle, ON. fjuka to be drifted, fly off, MHG. fochen 
blasen, NHG. fauchen, Lett, puga Windstoss (Persson, Wurzelerw. 
23). Cf. Ficklll 4 , 243. 

141:63. MHG. zagel, zail, zeil Schwanz, Schweif, mannl. Glied. 
Cf. 114:07 and 162:82. 

141 : 64. MHG. zwatzler, zwetzler penis: Bav. zwazeln zappeln. 

Tassel, Fringe, String, Whip, etc. 

141:65. Norw. frans genitals of horses: Sw. frans< Ger. 
Franse, MHG. franze Franse, Schmuck, Stirnband<Rom: French 
j range, Ital. frangia. 

141:66. Norw. fans genitals of horses. Probably same word 
as 141:65. 

141:67. MHG. visel, vesel penis: visel, pi. die viseln Fasern, 
Fransen, viselen nageln, knaupeln. 

141:68. MHG. zisel Mischung von zers undfiself Lexer 405. 
Compare rather Germ. tis-, tais- auffasern: OHG. zeisan zupfen, 
zausen, zeisala Distel, Norw. tlsl Gestrauch, tlst Faser, Splinter, etc. 
(W.). Cf. 162:57. 

141:69. Norw. sin sinew : penis. Cf. 148:01. 

141:70. Norw. peis sinew (148:05), whip, penis of certain 
animals, Sw. dial. pes(e), ODan. pes, MLG. pese Zeugungsglied, bes. 
des Ochsen, Bogenstrang: Norw. peisa whip, scourge, MLG. peserik, 
NLG. pesel, E. pizzle Zeugungsglied der Tiere. Compare perhaps 
also Skt. bisa, bica, bisa Wurzelschoss, Untergrundstengel (einer 
Lotuspflanze). Fick III 4 , 218. Cf. 162:111. 

Secret Part 

141:71. ON. skripr penis (Haldorsen): skripi grotesque 
monster, phantom, skrimsl monster, skrim faint light, gleam, Sw. 
dial, skrymsle hiding-place, secret room, skrymsla try to be unseen, 
seek shelter. 



170 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Male Part 

141:72. OE. werlican male parts: werlic male, manly, wer man, 
hero, husband. 

Limb, Member 

141:73. MHG. lit Glied, Gelenk, Teil, Stuck, Zeugungsglied. 
Cf. 75:02. 

Member of Blame 

141:74. ON. Ipstalidr mannliche Geburtsteile : lostr Schade, 
Fehler, Gebrechen, Tadel +Zi3r member. Cf. 75:02. 

Urinator, Water-Pipe 

141:75. Sw. dial, mejen, megen, meen membrum virile, Dan. 
dial, mide, mie genitals of the bull: Bornh. mei } meia genitals of horse 
or bull, ON. miga, OE. migan, Lat. mejere urinate. 

141:76. MHG. wazzer-ror, -rcere Wasserrohre; penis. 

Miscellaneous 

141:77. MHG. zimbere, zimere Ruckenstiick des Hirsches oder 
Rehes, Ziemer, Zeugungsglied des Hirsches. Loan-word from 
French cimier. 

141:78. Sw. dial, tvdtosle androgynus, membrum virile. 

142. Scrotum, Testicle 
Swelling, Bag, Ball, Lump, Bunch, etc. 

142:01. ON. eista testicle, stone: OBulg. isto Hode, pi. Nieren 
(cf. Fick III 4 ): Germ, ais-, isa- swelling, chunk in OE. Is-bdn hip 
bone, etc. Cf. 117:06. 

142:02. OSw., Dan., Norw. kodde testicle, Icel. kodri Hoden- 
sack, ON. koddi, Sw. kudde pillow, cushion, OE. codd bag, cod, shell, 
husk, skin (of grape). Cf. Fick III 4 , 46. 

142:03. ON. hyllir, Sw. dial, kylla scrotum. Cf. 103:07. 

142:04. Sw. dial, kvaldrung testicle, Sw. kvdla ooze, bubble, 
Dan. kvceld well forth, OE. (ge)collen geschwollen (Fick III 4 , 62), 
OHG. quellan hervorquellen, schwellen. 

142:05. Shetl. bag bag: testicle: ON. baggi pack, bundle. 

142:06. Norw., Dan., Sw. pung bag: scrotum. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 171 

142:07. Norw. puss bag, skin bag: scrotum, ON. puss Bmall bag. 

142:08. Sw. dial, skrdppa bag, scrotum: ON. skreppa, Dan. 
skreppe scrip, bag, E. scrip. 

142:09. ON. hrefijar, pi. scrotum, Sw. dial, rcijer, Dan. rced(d)er, 
ODan. rcedje id., OE. herpan testicles: OE. heorpa Wildhaut, OHG. 
herdo vellus, Swiss herde ungegerbtes Schaf- oder Ziegenfell, Skt. 
kfutdti schneidet, krtti- Fell, Lat. cortex Rinde, scortum Fell. Cf. 
F-T 931 and Fick III 4 , 102. 

142:10. OE. herp-belig scrotum, herpan testicles -{-belig, bylig 
leather bag or bottle, bellows. Cf. 142:09. 

142:11. ESw. ros, rosa scrotum, pudenda. Cf. 142:09 or 
119:07. 

142:12. OE. sweota scrotum. Cf. Thone 105. 

142:13. ON. nyra, OHG. nioro, MLG., ME. nere kidney, 
testicle. Cf. 126:04. 

142:14. Sw. dial, vig-niaure testicle: ON. vig fight, battle, Sw. 
vig agile, nimble+Sw. dial, niaure Sw. injure kidney (126:04). 

142:15. ODan. knap Knopf, Knauf, Klumpen, Tcstikel (F-T 
544), Sw. dial, knepe button, testicles: ON. knappr, Dan. knap knob, 
stud, button, OE. cnozpp top, mountain top, brooch, Du. knapp, 
Berggipfel, Absatz eines Stiefels. 

142:16. Dan. nosse testicle, stone, Norw. noss sl poor little 
thing, ON. hnoss Kleinod (eig. 'gehammertes'), OE. hnossian klopfen. 
Cf. Fick III 4 , 100. 

142:17. ON. bollr lump, ball: glans penis, Norw. boll testicle, 
scrotum, Shetl. ball id. (a pair o 1 bolleks eyes, 10:08), ESw. balle 
ball: testicle, penis (141:41), OE. beallucas testicles, E. ballock, 
OE. bolla bowl, OHG. bolla Knospe, kugelformiges Gefass, Lat. follis 
lederner Schlauch, Windball, Ballen, Blasebalg, Geldbeutel, IE. 
*bhel aufblasen, schwellen, Gr. <£&XAos, 4>a\r)s penis, etc. Cf. Walde 2 
304 with references. 

142:18. ESw. ballong testicles. Loan-word from French ballon 
balloon. 

142: 19. OSw. sten stone, testicle, NE. stone id. 

142:20. ESw. ball-sten testicle, lit. ball-stone. 

142:21. Dan. dial. (Jy) koddesten testicles, kodde testicles (142: 
02) -\-sten stone. 



172 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

142:22. Dan. dial, nossersten testicle: nosse (142: 16) -\-sten 
stone. 

142:23. Sw. dial, murre penis vel testiculus tauri. Cf. 141:42. 

Shell 

142:24. OFris. seal (Gen. scallis) Hode, OE. sceallan testicles: 
OHG. scala Hiilse einer Frucht, eines Eies, OE. scealu, E. shale 
Hiilse, Goth, skalja Ziegel (eigentl. wohl Schindel, Schuppenartiges), 
ON. skel, OE. scyll, E. shell Schale, Muschel, Du. schel Schale, Hiilse, 
ON. skilja teilen, IE. *skel spalten. Cf. Kluge 6 331. Cf. 1:47 and 
1:48. 

Strip, Skin 

142:25. MHG. ge-schroete Hodensack: schrot Hieb, Schnitt, 
Wunde, abgeschnittenes, abgesagtes Stuck, OHG. scrot Schnitt, 
scrotan, MHG. schroten hauen, schneiden, zerhauen, Lat. scrautum 
pelliceum, in quo sagittae reconduntur (cf. Walde 2 688). Cf. 145:41. 

Cover, Skin 

142:26. OFris. hotha, MDu. hode, hoede, OHG. hodo, MHG. 
hode: Lith. kutijs Beutel, Lat. cutis skin, OE. hyd hide, skin, hopma 
hiding-place, etc. Cf. Zupitza 128. 

Exuberance 

142 : 27 . MHG . geil, n. Frohlichkeit , lustiges Wachstum, Wucher , 
Hode, Goth, gailjan erfreuen, OS. gel, MLG. geil kraftig, munter, 
iibermiitig, uppig, OE. gal ubermiitig, schlecht, OHG. geil, keil, 
MHG. geil mutwillig, uppig, ausgelassen, lustig, geilen ubermiitig, 
ausgelassen sein, froh werden. Cf. 95:07. 

Tool 

142:28. MHG. ge-ziuc Stoff, Zeug, Werkzeug, Waffen, Ge- 
schiitz, euphem. Zeugungslied (141:03), die Hoden. 

Breeder-Gland 

142:29. OHG. hegadruos, hegidruos, heidros, MHG. hegedruos, 
heidruose Hode, Schamteil (140:06): MHG. hagen (140: 05) +dmos 
Druse, Beule, Geschwulst. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 173 

Secret Part 

142:30. Sw. dial, hemmelstyg testicles, scrotum. Cf. 140:12. 

143. Pudendum Muliebre 
Bearer 

143:01. Sw. dial, bdrande, Dan. dial, bcerend, bcerild genitals of a 
cow, lit. bearing. Cf. 139:21. 

143:02. Norw. benelde, binelde, bene genitals of female animals, 
especially cows. Probably same as Dan. bcerende, Sw. dial, bdrana, 
bdrne, bare. Cf. 143:01. 

143:03. OE. gecynd kind, species, gender, origin, generation, 
offspring, genitals: cynn kind, species, race, progeny, sex, cynnan, 
cennan bear (child), produce, MHG. kiinne, hunt cunnus: kiinne 
Geschlecht, Familie, Verwandschaft, Rind, OFris. kunte vulva, 
Norw. kunta cunnus, vulva, Sw. dial, kunta, ODan., Dan. dial. 
kunte. Cf. 140:03. 

143:04. MHG. kunderlln, kunterlln kleines Tier, Feminal, 
kunder lebendiges Wesen, Tier, bes. mon strum: der helle kunder der 
Teufel, kunderlich jedes Geschopf. Cf. 143:03. 

Crack, Streak, Opening 

143:05. Dan. dial, flire, flirre crevice, cracks, etiam de pudendo 
muliebri usurpatur, cut, gash. 

143:06. MHG. klobe gespaltenes Holzstuck, Spalt, obsc. fur 
Feminal : klieben spalten. 

143:07. MHG. schranze Riss, Spalte, obsc. fur Feminal. 

143:08. ESw. skrota fissure, urholkning: cunnus. 

143:09. ESw. skreva cunnus: Sw. skrev fork, anat. perineum 
(106:02), skreva crevice, narrow opening. 

143:10. Sw. dial, skripa crevice, crack, cleft, scratch, wrinkle, 
cunnus. 

143:11. ESw. skura crack, slit: cunnus: Sw. skara notch, 
incision, skara cut. 

143 : 12. ESw. splesa cunnus. 

143:13. ON. sprund woman, cunnus, Sw. sprund slit. 

143:14. ESw. sprung crack: cunnus, ON. sprunga chink, 
fissure, springa spring, burst, split 



174 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

143:15. Dan. bfirsprcekke vulva, lit. womb crack: b<j>r womb, 
uterus (139: 21) -\-sprcekke crack, crevice, fissure, v. crack, burst, 
sprcek rent, crack. 

143 : 16. Sw. dial, rista line, streak, cunnus: ON. rista schneiden, 
ritzen. 

143:17. ESw. streka cunnus: streke line, streka draw a line 
with a pencil or chalk. 

143 : 18. Sw. dial, gassmu opening in clothing or a fence : cunnus, 
pudendum muliebre: gassma laugh aloud and improperly, Gr. 
Xao-judo/xat gape, open the mouth wide. 

143:19. Dan. dial. (Jy.) dcel genitals of female animals, espe- 
cially cows and mares: Dan. dcel, dcelle kleine Vertiefung in der 
Haut, ON. dalr, Sw., Dan. dal dale, valley, E. dale. 

Hollow, Basin 

143:20. Sw. dial, mulla genitalia feminse: Sw. dial, mulla any 
small hollow vessel, NHG. Mulde trough, basin, Gr. fivXKos genitalia 
feminae, juuAXds prostitute, fAvWeiv crush, coire. 

Bag, Pouch, Sheath, Pocket 

143:21. Icel. puss vulva equarum, ESw. pusa cunnus, Sw. dial. 
puso, pusu, cunnus, vulva: ON. puss small bag, Norw. puss ha3velse 
fyldt med vsedske, swelling, pus bucket, pail, pusen swollen, inflated, 
Sw. dial, pusa swell up, pusen swollen, pusna swell, be swollen, puse 
small bag. Cf . Fick III 4 , 220. 

143:22. Dan. dial, slue Schote, Hulse, NSax., OG. slogge, sluden 
vagina: OS. slog concavum, volubrum (?). 

143:23. OE. sceap sccep sheath, vagina, OHG. sceida Scheide. 

143:24. Dan. moderskede womb-pipe, vagina: moder mother, 
womb, uterus, matrix (139: 22) -\-skede scabbard, sheath, case (143: 
23). 

143:25. MHG. tasche Tasche, weibl. Schamteile, verachtl. 
Weibsperson. 

143:26. Sw. dial, maffikka small stomach (129:24), pudendum 
muliebre: mage stomach (129: 05) +fikka, Sw.ftcka pocket. 

Box 

143:27. MHG. schachtel Schachtel, altes Weib, Feminal. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 175 

Beard-Mouth? 

143:28. Sw. dial, skdgga-mumma cunnus: skdgg beard (162:16) 
-\-mumma (for munna mouth ?) . 

Flap, Wrapper, Fold 

143 : 29. MHG. wempel weibl. Schamteile. Cf . 103 : 12. 

143:30. Dan. dial, vapper, pi. labia pudendi muliebris sic ali- 
quando audivi vocari. 

143:31. ESw. lissa wrinkle, fold: cunnus: Sw. dial, liso fold in 
garments, lisa vb. fold. 

143:32. Sw. rynka wrinkle: cunnus: ON. hrukka wrinkle, 
hrfikkva lash, switch, spur, whip, hrfikkvast coil, wriggle, causative of 
hrfikkva fall back, recoil, curl. Cf . F-T 927. 

143:33. ESw. skrutta wrinkle, wrinkled man, old woman, 
cunnus. 

Small Object 

143:34. Sw. smula morsel: cunnus: Norw. smule morsel, small 
part, smola knuse, splintre, slaae sonder, Sw. smula drop crumbs, 
Norw. smuldra knuse, smaasto'de. 

143:35. Dan. dial, nusse membri muliebris nomen quoddam 
verecundius et honestius. Cf. 142:16. 

143:36. ESw. pjos cunnus. 

143 : 37. ESw. pesa cunnus, small girl. Cf . 141 : 70. 

Maid 

143:38. MHG. maget, magt, matt, meit Jungfrau, die weibl. 
Scham der Jungfrau. 

Maiden-Leaf 

143:39. OE. moeg(e)J)-blced pudendum muliebre: mcegep maiden 
+blced leaf, blade. Thone 82 calls attention to a parallel NHG. 
expression used by hunters Blatt einer Ricke. 

Small Round Object, Little Protuberance, Bunch 

143:40. MHG. kriusel Kreisel, Feminal: kriusel kraus, MHG. 
krus, NHG. kraus. Cf . 135 : 24. 



176 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

143:41. MHG. zinzel em runder Gegenstand, obsc. wohl fiir 
cunnus: zinzeln schmeicheln, kosen, sich leise schmeichlerisch 
bewegen. 

143:42. ON. fud cunnus, Norw. fu(d), Sw. dial. fo(d), genitals 
of female animals, hind part (112:35), MHG. vut, f. cunnus, fiidel, 
fudenol mons Veneris (nol 3:02), vulva: Skt. putdu die beiden 
Hinterbacken (Uhlenbeck, Ai. Wb. 169) : Lith. putlus sich blahend, 
geschwollen, pautas Ei, Hode, putytis junges Tier, junger Vogel, 
Lett, putus Vogel, Lat. putus, putillus. Cf. Wood, Class. Phil. 
IX, 152. Cf. 112:17. 

143:43. Sw. vulg. fitta cunnus: ON. fytta id.? MHG. votze 
vulva, Swiss fotze Troddel, Quaste; Zotte, Haarlocke, fotzle Troddel, 
Quaste; Haarbiischel am Schwanze des Rindviehs, etc.: Lett. 
pudurs Btischel, Haufe, Strauch mit Wurzeln, Lat. pubes (hairy, 
downy) of ripe age, adult; of plants: covered with soft down (W.)« 
Cf. Wood, Class. Phil. IX, 153. For mg. cf. 162:102. 

143:44. MHG. brilne pud. mul., Skt. bhrund-h embryo, Ir. bru 
Leib, Bauch (Uhlenbeck, Ai. Wb. 208) : root, *bhreu- swell, project 
in Skt. bhru-h Braue, OE. bru brow, ON. brun Braue; Rand, bru 
Brucke, etc. Wood, Mod. Phil. XI, 328. Cf. 11:02. 

143:45. ESw., Norw. mutta pudendum muliebre, NHG. dial. 
mauze vulva, Bav. mutz, mutzen, mutzel id.: Swiss mutz etwas 
Kurzes, Stumpfes, Abgenutztes von Menschen, Tieren und Sachen. 
Cf. 26:45. 

143:46. Norw., Sw. mus mouse; cunnus, ON. mus Maus; 
Muskel, Lat. mus, musculus, Skt. muskd-h Hode, weibl. Scham. 
Cf. 149:01. 

143:47. Sw. dial, murro vulva: murre penis vel testiculus 
tauri. Cf. 141:42. 

Shame, Repugnant Part 

143:48. OSw. sham weibliche Scham. Cf. 140:16. 

143:49. Sw. dial, stygga pudendum muliebre: stygg mean, ugly, 
abhorrent, ON. styggr showing anger or displeasure. 

143:50. Sw. dial, o-tdkka cunnus: o-takkelse filth, putrid 
material, o-tdkking ugly, repugnant, annoying man or boy, Sw. otdck 
disagreeable, loathsome, foul, ugly, tack pretty, sweet, ON. pekkr 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 177 

agreeable, liked, pekkja notice, recognize, reflex, comply with, con- 
sent, please, etc. 

Play 

143:51. MHG. spil Zeitvertreib, Scherz, Unterhaltung, Ver- 
gniigen, Saitenspiel, Musik, Schauspiel, euphem. fur Beischlaf, fur 
weibl. Gesehlechtsteile. 

Foolish Thing 

143:52. ESw. fjdsa silly woman, cunnus: fjds fool, ridiculous 
and overattentive person, fjdsa idle running, bowing and scraping, 
fool. 

143:53. MHG. tumpel weibliche Scham, verachtlich fur Weib: 
tump schwach von Sinnen od. Verstande, dumm, toricht, unbesonnen, 
tumphaft toricht, einfaltig. 

Urinating Organ 

143:54. Dan. stal vulva (of the cow), urine (of the horse): 
Dan. stalle das Wasser lassen (von Pferden), Sw. stalla, MLG. 
stallen, NHG. stallen, MLG. stal Harn (der Pferde), NHG. Stall, 
early NHG. stallen stehen bleiben (namlich vom Pferd, wenn es das 
Wasser lasst), ON. stallra stehen bleiben, Icel. stdlmi, Norw. stalme 
das Angeschwollensein des Euters, Norw. stolma gerinnen, Gr. 
oraXao?, oraXafco tropfeln, MBret. staut (aus stalto-) Urin, E. stale 
seichen, stale Urin, MLG. stallen. Cf. Fick IIP, 488. 

143:55. ESw. pissruska cunnus: piss urine+Sw. ruska broom, 
bush, ruska shake, rusk disagreeable weather, ruskig nasty, dis- 
agreeable. 

Miscellaneous 

143:56. ESw. musbacken mons Veneris: mus mouse, cunnus. 
Cf. 143:46. 

143:57. Sw. dial, onande genitals of a ewe. 

143:58. ESw. pjepa cunnus. 

143:59. ESw. presa cunnus. 

143:60. ESw. puska cunnus. 

143:61. ESw. putta (Rz.) puta cunnus. 

143:62. ESw. snytta cunnus. 



178 parts of the body in 

144. Membrane 

(Caul, Omentum, Afterbirth, Amnion, Chorion) 
Net 

144:01. ON. netja caul, omentum, OE. nette caul, Norw. netja, 
nekja, nikju id., OHG. nezi, nezzi, MHG. nezze, netze Netz, adeps 
intestini, Netz oder Netzhaut um die Eingeweide: Goth, nati Netz, 
etc. Cf. 136:01. 

Covering 

144:02. Sw. dial, elda afterbirth in cattle. If an initial h is 
lost as Rietz 117 believes, compare Sw. hdla cover up, cover. 

144:03. Sw. dial, haljd afterbirth in cattle. Cf. 144:02. 

144:04. Sw. dial, hamm membrane of the fetus in cattle, after- 
birth: MLG. ham Decke, Hulle, Futteral, Hiilse, Nachgeburt. 
Cf. 145:06. 

144:05. Sw. dial, li, lid afterbirth (of cows): OHG. hlit cover- 
ing, MHG. lit, OE. hlid cover, lid: hlidan cover. 

144:06. Norw. kalvehjelm the membrane that envelops the 
calf at birth: kalv calf -\-hjelm helmet, sheath, thin shell or membrane, 
especially of plants. 

Place for Calf, Colt 

144:07. Sw. dial, kalv-std'n the membrane around an unborn 
calf: kalv ca\f-\-stad stead, place; folsta'n the membrane around an 
unborn colt: fol colt. 

Embryo-Wrapper 

144:08. Dan. fostersvfib chorion: foster fetus, embryo -\-sv0b 
enveloping, wrapping. 

Embryo-Membrane 

144:09. Dan. fosterhinde chorion: foster fetus, embryo -\-hinde 
membrane (145:31). 

Vein Membrane 

144:10. Dan. aarehinde chorion: aare vein+hinde membrane 
(145:31). 

144:11. Sw. dial, vaskalv skin or membrane inclosing the calf 
before birth. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 179 

144:12. Dan. dial, letning skin or membrane inclosing the calf 
before birth. 

Scraps, Pieces? 

144:13. ESw. (tarm) brdsta fat membrane or fat piece of intes- 
tine used in soap-making: brdst lack, want, brdsta crack, break, 
brista cut, slash. 

Band, Strap 

144:14. OE. reoma membrane, ligament: OS., OHG. Homo 
Band, Giirtel, Riemen, etc. 

145. Skin 
Appearance 

145:01. Sw., Dan. hy complexion, OSw. hy appearance, color, 
shape, Norw. hy down, fuzziness, especially of mold, also of thin 
beard or hair or of grass, ON. hy fine hair, fuzz, Goth, hiwi Aussehen, 
OE. hlw, heow appearance, form, shape, figure of speech, color, 
beauty, hdwian gaze on, survey. 

145 : 02. ON. asjona appearance, form, countenance, face, what 
is visible, the exterior, referring to the skin as the exterior of the 
body (Fritzner 76). Cf. 9:01. 

Likeness, Appearance 

145:03. MHG. llch Leib, Korper, Oberflache desselben, Haut, 
Hautfarbe, Leiche, Begrabnis. Cf . 94 : 01. 

Sheen 

145:04. ON. skjd diinnes (durchsichtiges) Hautchen, Norw. 
skjaa, skjaag, skjaar a transparent membrane (of a cow's stomach), 
an opening covered with such membrane, small window: Gr. ataa 
shadow, Goth, skeinan scheinen, etc. Fick III 4 , 462. 

Cover 

145:05. Norw. him membrane, thin cover, NIcel. himna mem- 
brane, film: Norw. hlma darken with a thin cover, himen, himutt 
disig, uklar, tyndskyet, dunkelf arvet (om dyr) , hlma et tyndt dsekke 
af dunster i luften, disighed: Skt. gyamd-h schwarz, dunkel, Lith. 



180 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

szSmas aschgrau, blaugrau, etc. Compare ON. hinna, etc., mem- 
brane, film (145:31). 

145:06. ON. hamr skin, slough, covering, outer form, body 
(94:05), hams snake slough, husk, NIcel. hamur skin, slough, shape, 
Dan. ham slough, Norw. ham skin, form, apparition, ghost, hams 
shell, husk, bunch or cluster, Sw. dial, hamm membrane of the fetus 
(144:04) in cattle, afterbirth, hamn apparition, ghost<OSw. hamn 
shape, appearance, dress, Norw. hamn id., OE. hama dress, covering, 
womb (139:11), OHG. hamo Haut, Hiille, Kleidung, sackformiges 
Fangnetz (MLG. ham Decke, Hiille, Futteral, Hulse, Nachgeburt) : 
Goth, ga-hamon sik sich bekleiden, ON. hamast assume the shape of 
an animal, rage: Lat. camisia Hemd. Cf. Walde 2 120; Tamm 279. 

145:07. ON. hemingr, hgmungr skin of the shanks, NIcel. 
hemingur id.: ON. hamr skin. Cf. 145:06. 

145:08. ON. hud hide (of cattle), Sw., Dan. hud skin, hide, 
OE. hyd skin, hide, OFris. hud, hed, OS. hud, OHG. hut, MHG. hut 
Haut: Lat. cutis Haut als Bedeckendes, Gr. kvtos Hiille, Fell, Haut, 
Lith. kiautas Hulse, OPruss. keute Haut, Lith. kutys Beutel, Geld- 
katze, OHG. hutta Hiitte, Lith. kutis Stall, Lett, kuts Viehstall, 
Vorhangeschloss. Walde 2 218 with references. 

145:09. ON. staka skin, hide: stakkr cape, short cloak, Norw. 
stakk a piece of cloth or clothing, OFris. stac Art Mantel, Lith. stkgiu, 
stkgti decken, stogas Dach, OBulg. o-stegu Kleidung. 

145 : 10. Norw. toka swine's hide, tuku hairy skin, also abdominal 
flesh (with t from p f) : Lat. toga Oberkleid, Olr. imm-thuige. Cf . 
153:10. 

145:11. ON. svgrdr skin of the head, Norw. svor(d), svol skin 
on flesh, also sward, Dan. svcer, ODan. swazrth, Sw. sval, Sw. dial. 
svard, sval, OSw. swarper skin of fat flesh, Sw. huvudsval scalp (5:04), 
OE. sweard, swearp skin, rind, NE. sward, OFris. svarde Kopfhaut, 
MHG. swart(e) behaarte Kopfhaut, menschl. Haut iiberhaupt, 
behaarte oder befiederte Haut der Tiere, Speckhautlein, -rinde, 
Schwartenbrett. F-T 1222 refer to a base *sver=*ver bedecken. 
Or meaning 'callosity, thick skin, rind' : swer- swell in MHG. swern 
schwellen, wachsen; schwaren, eitern, swere Geschwulst, MLG. 
sure Hitzblatter, Finne, Lat. sura calf of the leg (Wood, Class. Phil. 
IX, 158). 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 181 

145:12. Shetl. h0l, h0lin case, cover, inclosing membrane: 
ON. hylja, hyla hide, cover. 

145:13. MHG. roc Rock, Membrane, Rindc. 

145:14. Dan. dial, ble cloth, sheet, membrane of the stomach 
of slaughtered cattle. 

145:15. Dan. dial, skiold thin membrane between flesh and 
skin, Dan. shield, ON. skjoldr shield. 

Bone Inclosure 

145 : 16. OE. ban-loca skin, body (94 : 29) . 

Binding 

145 : 17. Norw. fetling skin of the feet or legs of animals, failing, 
fesling, fisling, filing id.: fet id., fell binding, enveloping. 

145:18. ON. fornysti (Haldorsen), Norw. forneste membrane 
of the fetus: ON., Norw. nesta fasten, bind, knit together, Norw. 
neste a buckle, clasp, or hook in clothes, nysta wind thread in loops, 
Sw. nystan a ball of thread. 

Swelling, Sack 

145:19. Goth, balgs Schlauch, ON. belgr skin, skin bag, skin, 
case, bellows, Norw. bcelg skin stripped off, body of an animal after 
the skin has been stripped off (94:11), Dan. dial, balg id., also 
stomach (129:04), OS., OHG. balg, MHG. bale Balg, Haut, MHG. 
verachtl. Leib, OE. bel(i)g, byl(i)g leather bag or bottle, bellows, 
belgan be angry, OHG. belgan aufschwellen, zornig sein, ON. belgia 
inflate, puff out: Olr. bolg Sack, bolgaim schwelle, Cymr. bol, bola, 
boly Bauch, Lat. follis lederner Schlauch, Gall, bulga lederner 
Sack. Cf. 103:03. 

145:20. Norw. trail (*pranhila-) callosity due to hard manual 
labor, also the hardened skin of the inside of the hand and on the 
sole of the foot: ON. pryngua press, swell, prunginn swollen, NHG. 
dringen, etc. Cf. Fick III 4 , 190. 

145:21. MHG. muoder Bauch, rundlicher Leib, Oberflache des 
Korpers, Haut. Cf. 103:15. 

Strip, Slice, Vellus 

145 : 22. Goth, -fill, ON. fjall skin, OE. fell skin, hide, fur, OHG. 
fel, MHG. vel Fell, etc., Lat. pellis Fell, Gr. 7reXas Haut, 7re'X/>ia Sohle 



182 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

am Fuss oder Schuh, eplirKoos die Netzhaut um die Gedarme, 
OPruss. pleynis Hirnuel, d.i. Hirnhaut, Lith. plevl, plene feine 
dunne Haut, Gr. ireKrr} leichter Schild (cf. Walde 2 570 with refer- 
ences) : OBulg. pleti, Russ. poloi jaten. Wood, IE. a x , 49. 

145:23. OSw. folder skin, hair (162:52), Sw. fall hide with 
hair on; ON. feldr cloak, Gr. Trekrt) shield. Cf . 145 : 22. 

145:24. Norw. fal membrane: Sw. dial, fala narrow board 
used for covering (roofs?), ESw. fala husk of oats. Cf. 145:22. 

145:25. Sw. dial, fjalster sausage skin. 

145:26. OE. filmen film, thin skin, prepuce: Gr. 7reXjua sole of 
foot. Cf. 145:22. 

145:27. Sw. dial, fdtte the woolen hide such as is clipped off 
from the sheep and rolled up, ODan. feet Wolle, Wollfell, zusammen- 
gerollte Wolle: Du. vacht Wolle, Wollwisch, OE. feht vellus; ON. 
fax mane, Lat. pecto, etc. Cf. 162:49. 

145:28. Norw. flaati flayed skin: flaa flay, ON. fid flay, skin, 
strip, OE. flean id., OHG. flahan schinden, die Haut abziehen: Lith. 
plfezti reissen, rauben (Schade 2 202; Fick I 4 , 487; Zupitza, Gutt. 
190). 

145:29. ON. hgrund human flesh (153:15), skin, complexion, 
body (94:45), membrum virile (141:43). Cf. 153:15. 

145:30. Norw. hfirold skin or flesh next to the skin, horong, 
haaraang skin, color of the skin. 

145:31. ON. hinna, Sw. hinna, Dan. hinde membrane, film: 
Olr. ceinn Schuppe, Cymr. cen Haut, Schale (Zupitza, Gutt. 116 
with references) : perhaps Gr. naivo) kill, novai • 4>6voi Hes. Cf . Fick 
III 4 , 71, 449 f. Or compare Norw. him, etc., membrane (145:05). 

145 : 32. ON. rod, Norw. rod, ro\ raa, r® 1 fish skin : ON. rjofia (not 
in Zoega with this mg.) reuten, raumen, rjodr open space in a forest 
clearing, ryfija to clean, free land from trees, ryja to pluck the wool off, 
etc., as under rogga. Cf . Fick III 4 , 351 f . 

145:33. Norw. rogga a membrane or thin hide, the membrane 
which covers the flesh on the inner side, as in the belly of the fish, rov 
abdominal membrane in fish, ON. rggg tuft, shagginess, rjomi 
Hautchen, Rahm, etc. (not in Zoega), OE. reama, reoma membrane, 
ligament, MHG. roum Sahne, Oberes, NHG. Rahm: ON. ryja pluck 
the wool off, Lith. rduju, rduti ausreissen, Lat. mere aufreissen, 
wtihlen, graben, Skt. rdvati zerschlagt. Cf. Fick III 4 , 348. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 183 

145:34. ON. reyfi sheep's fleece: reyfarob, tear, pluck, raufa rob, 
plunder. 

145:35. ON. klippingr getrocknetes Fell von dem die Wolle 
abgeschoren: klippa cut, clip. 

145:36. ON., NIcel. sigg callosity, hard skin, Norw. sigg svines- 
kind, fleskesvaer, Far. sigg hard and cartilaginous blubbler of whale, 
as in the swimmers: Ir. seche Haut, Lat. seco, segmen, saxum, etc., 
OBulg. sekq, sesti schneiden (cf. Fick III 4 , 424), ON. segi, sigi slice, 
strip, shred. 

145:37. ON. skinn skin, fur, Norw. skinn, Sw. skinn, Dan. 
skind id., Norw. skinna membrane, thin cover of skin, especially of 
the entrails, MHG. schint Obstschale, NHG. Schindaas, Schindmdhre, 
Du. dial, schinde Fell, Rinde, OS. bi-skindian abrinden, MLG. 
schinden schinden, plundern, OHG. scinten schinden, abschalen, 
misshandeln, Bret, skant Fischschuppe, Gr. KaraaKevr\ kill, etc. 
Zupitza, Gutt. 156 with references. 

Something Shriveled, Rough, etc. 

145:38. Sw. dial, harpe, arpen the outermost skin of man or 
beast which is easily wounded: (h)arpen dried up, congealed, con- 
tracted, rugged, uneven, unfertile, morose, wrathy, harpa ihop 
gather, sew together, ON. harpa zusammenkneifen, herpask sich 
krampfhaft zusammenziehen, Russ. korobit' krumm ziehen, krummen, 
biegen, -s'a sich werfen, zusammenschrumpfen, sich krummen, etc. 
Cf. Berneker, Et. Wb. 569 with references. 

145:39. ON. skrd piece of dry skin or parchment, scroll, Norw. 
skraa iron plate, piece of leather, flap of skin or leather: skraaen 
half-dried, shriveled, hard, rough to touch, skraana dry, shrivel, 
get hard, MLG. schra, schrage durr, mager, kummerlich, NHG. dial. 
schrdh mager, durr, rauh, etc. (cf. Fick III 4 , 472): Germ. *skreh-, 
*skreng bend: shrivel, shrink, etc., in MHG. schrwge schrag, OE. 
scringan shrink, NE. dial, scringe sich zusammenziehen, sich krum- 
men, zuriickbeben, scrunge sich zusammenziehen, sich krummen, 
zerdrticken, quetschen (W.). 

145:40. Sw. dial, ormskrdtt snake skin: orm snake -\-skratt shell, 
peelings. Cf. 94:40. 

145:41. ON. skrydda a shriveled skin: Lat. scruta Geriimpel, 
Trodelware, ON. skriodr etwas Zerfetztes, OE. scrud Tuch, screadian 



184 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

pare, schneiden, OHG. scrotan hauen, schneiden, scrot Schnitt. 
Zupitza, Gutt. 157. 

Miscellaneous 

145:42. MHG. vlec, vlecke Stlick, Zeug, Flicke, Lappen. Stuck 
Haut, Schwimmhaut. 

145:43. ON. lefir skin, leather, Dan. Iceder, Sw. Idder leather, 
OE. leper, OFris. leder, lider, OHG. ledar id.: Olr. lethar Leder, 
Cymr. lledr corium. Fick II 4 , 248. 

145:44. ON. utledr, n. pi. the uppermost parts of a skin, espe- 
cially from an animal's shoulder or thigh: ut out, toward the outer 
side -\-ledr skin, leather (145:43). 

145:45. Norw. slintra a tough membrane in the flesh. 

145:46. Norw. belling skin of foot or leg of an animal, Sw. dial. 
benling skin which has covered the legs of animals: bein foot, leg 
(77:07). 

145 : 47. ON. bjorr triangular cut-off piece of skin , triangular strip 
of land, front wall, party wall, a sort of tapestry of triangular shape. 

145:48. ON. bjorr beaver, especially the beaver's skin. 

145:49. ON. safali sable fur. 

145 : 50. Norw. tynska, tynnska the thinnest part of hide or skin: 
tynn thin, ON. punnr thin. 

145:51. OHG., MHG. stitch Haut, Schlangenhaut, Schlauch, 
Rohre, Schlund, Kele, Gurgel der Tiere, Russel des Elephanten, 
Schlund, Abgrund, Schwelger, Saufer, Fresser, OLG. sluk squamas. 
Cf. 43:37. 

143:52. MHG. belliz, bellez, belz Pelz<MLat. pellicium. 

145:53. ON. gtiera sheep skin with the wool on, NIcel. goera id. 

145 : 54. OE. ncesc fawn skin. 

145:55. OHG. fart Haut (not in Schade, quoted by Thone 45 
from Schlutter, Anglia 30, 253 ff.). 

145:56. ESw. gall membrane over the hair of a horse's hoof. 

145:57. ESw. Id skin (Haut): laen fuzzy, tangled, uncombed< 
Hoden, ON. lotiinn. Cf. 162:60 and 162: 128. 

145:58. OE. reoma membrane, ligament: OHG. Homo, riumo 
Band, Gurtel, ledernes Band, Riemen, OS. Homo ledernes Band, 
Giirtel, Riemen, Gr. pu/zos Zugholz, Zugriemen. Fick III 4 , 348. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 185 

145 : 59. Norw. villvara, villvarskinn skin of wild beasts : v ill wild, 
vara ware, skinn skin, hide (145:37). 

145:60. Sw. dial. hdrn(e), hdn, han forehead (6:01), skin of the 
forehead, hair of the head (162:04). Cf. 2:02. 

146. Prepuce 
Covering, Sheath, Hood 

146:01. ESw. holster prepuce of the horse: Sw. holster cover, 
case, ODan. hulster, hylster hiding-place, cover, NIcel. hulstr case, 
Goth, hulistr Hulle, Decke, Sw. hblja cover over, ON. hylia hide, 
cover, Goth, huljan verhiillen, etc. Cf. Tamm 374. 

146:02. ON. skaud poltroon, pi. skaudir a horse's sheath, 
Norw. skau(d) the prepuce of the horse: ON. skjofia a small skin 
bag, Goth, skauda-raipp Lederriemen, Schuhriemen, MHG. schote 
Schote. 

146:03. Norw. huva hood, head cover, prepuce, ON. hufa cap, 
bonnet, OHG. huba Haube, etc. 

Foreskin, Skin 

146:04. Dan. forhude, Sw. forhud foreskin, prepuce: hud skin 
(145:08). 

146:05. Goth, faurafilli Vorhaut: -fill, ON. fjall skin. Cf. 
145:22. 

146 : 06. OE. filmen film, thin skin, prepuce. Cf . 145 : 26. 

Watercloset 

146:07. Norw. mighus prepuce: mig urine+/ms house. 

147. Scale 

Something Scaled or Cut Off 

147:01. Norw. rist scales of fish (Larsen): Norw., NIcel., Sw. 
rista slit, cut, ON. rista ritzen, MLG. risten ritzen, einschneiden. 

147 : 02. ESw. fdnn scales of fish. 

147:03. Sw. fjall scale, OSw. ficell id.: ON. fjall skin. Tamm 
145. Cf. 145:22. 

147:04. OHG. scuoppa Schuppe: scaban schaben. 



180 I'AKTB OK THIO JJODY IN 

148. NeKVK, TlONDOiN 

Band, String, Cord 

148:01. ON. sin sinew, tendon, OK. .sinu, seonu, OFris. nini 
nina, Of 10. xanawa, xanwwa, xanivxi, aanwa Band, Sonne, MHO. 
xanawa, xanwa, nanna, nana Sehne, Norv: Ski. xndvan Band, Sonne, 
Av. cnavar Sehne, Schnur. 

148:02. ON. hA-xin Achilles' tendon, (jig. Fersensehne: OE. 
hbhxarma, NK. hock-: /maw, OKris. hoxana id. Of. 90:01. 

148:0!>. OK. xlranrj string, rope;, cable; sinew, ligament, ON. 
ntrengr Hiring, cord, rope, MBO. xirank, nlranrja, xirank, xlrenge Schnur, 
Stride, schmaler Strom. 

148:04. OK. cnyllrdx string; sinew: cnyllan tie, NK. knit, MLO. 
knutlan knupfen, OK. cnolla knot, etc. 

148:05. Norw. pair, sinew, whip, penis of certain animals (141: 
70;, Sw. dial, pax(a), OOan. pax MIA*, para Zeugungsglied, bes. des 
Ochsen, Bogenstrang: Norw. paixa whif), scourge, MLO. peserik, 
NLO. paxal, K. pizzla Zeugungsglied <\(tr r riere. Compare perhaps 
also Skt. bixa, Idea, him Wurzelschoss, Untergrundstonge] (einer 
Lofuspflar.ze). Kick III 4 , 218. Of. 102:111. 

148:00. OK. didrr; artery, vein 051:01;, fountain, river, nerve, 
sinew, kidney (120:05), MJIO. drier Ader, ben. die Pulsader, Sehne, 
Nerv, pi. Kingeweide (K>0:02): Or. ^rpiov warp. Of. 128:05. 

148:07. M\l( Lbanl-drkr Nerv: bard Band -\-drlar Sehne (148: 00). 

148:08. MHO. rjanc-ddar Sehne, Klcchse im Kniegelenke: ga/rtc 
(Umg+ddar (148:00). 

Spire, Sprout 

148:0!). Norw. xpirri stern of a young tree, spar, hamstring, 
tendon of the foot, a ram (sheep with horn). Of. 102:8i>. 

Hair-Growth 

148: 10. MHO. hdr-wahx Sehne, (haarartiggewachsenes) Knoch- 
enband, hdr hair ( 102:7 \)-\-wahx: wahxan waehsen. 

Curve, Hollow 

148:11. OIO. wadt part of the; body, sinew ( ?) : geweald power, 
groin, (110:02), body, muscles of neck 040:04;, wealdan control, 
wield, govern, N 10. wield. Compare ON. voir round, etc., 89:00. 



old Kit GERMANIC and Scandinavian 187 

Power-Growth 

148:12. MUG. waltc-, waUen^wahe, -wahse Ncrv, Sehne: wait, 
gewalt Gewalt, M&cht -{-wahs: wahsen wachsen. 

L49. Muscle 

Mouse (Primarily Bunch?) 

149:01. ON., OE., OHG., MHO. mHa mouse, muscle: OBulg. 
my$l mouse, myHca arm, Gr. ijlvs mouse, muscle, Lat. mils mouse, 
muHculvH muscle, Skt. muskd-fy I lode, weibliche Scham. The 
primary mg. was probably 'bunch, lump.' ('I". L43:46. 

149:02. OE. muscelle, Norw., Sw. muekel. Loan-words from 
Lat. mu8culu8. 

Bulge, Swelling 

L49:03. ON. vgUvi muscle, Norw. vodve muscle, flesh, OHG. 
wade Leg, muscle. Cf. 79:04. 

149:04. OE. ge-weald power, genitals (140: L9), groin (119:02), 
muscles of the neck. Compare ON. voir round, etc., 89:06. 

149:05. Norw. halve calf of the Leg, biceps (53:01), muscle of the 
thumb. Cf. 79:06. 

14!): 06. OLG. (juic-bradt) die Muskel don Obcnurns, das be- 

wegliche Fleisch, muscular part of the arm. Cf. 53:02 and 71): 14. 

Finger-Bunches 

149:07. finger-doccan anger muscles (Sweet): fi/nger finger 
(62:01) +doccan. Cf. 162:87. 

14^:08. E8w. fibul, fibbul chewing muscle of a horse. Cf. H4: 
06. 

Spine-Strip 

149:09. OE. raJge^rSose muscles along the spine, r&gei Germ. 
*raigjan steifmachen, ON. reigjask den Nacken zurllckwerfen, riga 
bewegen, Norw. riga, Swiss rigelen schwanken (Thdne 91), MHO. 
rcehe steif, starr. WiU) OE. rloee (strip?) compare OE. rysel fat 
(154:10), OS. rusal rohes Stuck Fett, Speckseite, Sw. dial, rdsen 
Schmerbaucb, ON. hold-rosa die Fleischseite (einer Haut), reyrr 
Steinhaufe. Cf, Fick [II 4 , 353. 



188 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Neck-Bast 

149 : 10. Norw. halsbast muscles of the neck, the tendons between 
the neck and the shoulders. Cf. 41:08. 

Rim, Edge 

149 : 11. Norw. jark rim of the ball of the foot, part of the ball of 
the foot near the toes, rim of the palm of the hand (57 : 09), especially 
the muscle near the root of the thumb. Cf. 89:05. 

149:12. Norw. jarpehold rim of the palm of the hand (57:10), 
especially the muscle near the root of the thumb. 

150. Pore 
Sweat-Hole 

150:01. ON. sveita-bora pore, sveiti sweat -\-bora bore, hole. 

150:02. OE. swat-pyrel pore, swat perspiration, exudation + 
pyr(e)l aperture, hole. 

150:03. OHG., MHG. sweiz-loch, MHG. sweiz-lochel pore: 
sweiz Schweiss, Blut -\-loch Hohle, Loch, Offnung. 

150 : 04. Sw. dial, svetthdl pore, melt sweat, perspiration -\-hal hole. 

150:05. Norw. f0yra, flfiyra, frfiyra crack or hole in a tree, pore, 
porous or hollow substance in bones, inner part of horn. 

151. Vein, Artery, Urethra 
Fiber, Cord, Tube 

151:01. ON. cedr vein, OE. cedre channel for liquids, artery, 
vein, fountain, river, nerve, sinew (148:06), kidney (126:05), MHG. 
ader Ader, bes. die Pulsader, Sehne, Nerv, pi. Eingeweide (136:02), 
Bogcnsehne, Saite: Gr. rjrop heart, rjrpov belly, Ir. in-athar Einge- 
weide: Gr. 7]rpiov warp. Cf. 126:05. 

151:02. OE. ced(d)re-weg artery: cedre (151:01) -\-weg path, 
road, way. 

151:03. OE. wind-ced(d)re artery (Sweet), wind-cedran arteriae, 
frotu, guttur (43:22) (Thone: W.W. L, 157, 40): wind coH+ ced(d)re 
(151:01). 

151:04. OE. seono-wind artery: seono sinew (14:8:01) -{-wind 
wind, spiral, gewind anything spiral, winding path, vine-tendril, 
windan wind, twist, weave. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 189 

151:05. OHG. rorjd, rorea, rora MHO. rare, roere, rocr Schilf- 
stengel, hohler Stengel, Rohre, Harorohre, penis: OHG. ror, MUG. 
ror, Goth, raus calamus, arundo, Rohr, Schilfstengel. 

Back File 

151:06. Sw. dial, ryggfil the big artery and the lymphatic 
vessels attached along the spine. 

Swelling Vein 

151:07. MHG. diez-dder Pulsader: diezen laut schallen, rau- 
schen, sich erheben aufschwellen, OE. peote water-pipe, channel. 

Gushing Vein 

151:08. MHG. giez-dder Pulsader: giezen giessen, stromen. 
151:09. OE. geotend artery: geotan pour, shed. 

Pulse 

151:10. MHG. puis Puis, Pulsader. Loan-word from Lat. 
pulsus (sc. venarum). 

152. Blood 
Flow 

152:01. Goth, blop Blut, ON. M6V, Sw., Dan. Mod, OE. Mod, 
OS. blod, OHG. bluot blood: IE. *bhlo, *bhle swell, flow out: Gr. 
€K.4>\aiv(j) gush out, <j>\4\p vein, <f>\e(3afa flow out. Cf . Prellwitz 2 491. 

Blood-Flow 

152:02. Norw. blodhella blood lodged in the lungs which causes 
coughing: blod blood (152: 01) -\-hella pour out, flow. 

Blood-Clot 

152:03. ON. blod-segi, -sigi clot of blood, blod blood (152:01) + 
segi, sigi slice, strip, shred. Cf. 145:36. 

Drop 

152:04. ON. dreyri blood, gore (*drauzan-), OS. dror Blut, 
OHG. tror triefende, tropfende Feuchtigkeit : Tau, Regcn, Blut 
(*drauza-), OE. dreor blood (*dreuza-), ON. dreyra bluten, OS. drorag 
blutig, OE. dreorig bloody, gory, etc.: Goth, driusan fallen, OS. 
driosan, OE. dreosan, etc. Schade 2 958. 



190 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

152:05. OE. cwealm-dreor blood of slaughter: cwealm killing, 
murder -\-dreor blood (152:04). 

152:06. OE. sawol-dreor life-blood, sdwol soul, \iie-\-dreor blood 
(152:04). 

152:07. OE. wcel-dreor blood: wcel slaughter, carnage -\-dreor 
blood (152:04). 

152:08. OE. heoru-dreor blood: OE. heoru sword, OS. heru, 
Goth, hairus id.-fOE. dreor (drop) blood (152:04). 

152:09. OE. heoru-drync sword's drink: blood from sword 
wounds. 

152:10. OE. hilde-gicel drop of blood: OE. hild war, battle, 
OS. hild, OHG. hilta Kampf-f-OE. gicel icicle, ice, ON.jpkull glacier. 

Sweat 

152:11. ON. sveiti sweat, blood, Norw. sveite sweat, blood, 
liquid, juice, OE. swat, OFris., OS., MLG. swet, OHG. sweiz 
Schweiss, Blut, MLG. dat rode swet blood, lit. the red sweat, 
NIcel. sviti perspiration, sweat, Lat. sudor Schweiss, sudare schwit- 
zen. Walde 2 753. 

152:12. OE. heapo-swat blood shed in battle: heapo w&r -\-swat 
sweat, blood (152:11). 



152:13. OE. heolfor blood from a wound, gore, cruor, heolfrig 
blood-stained. 

Wound-Water 

152:14. ON. sdra-lggr blood: sdr wound -\-lggr sea, water, any 
liquid, NIcel. logur liquid, laga flow, run. 

Red 

152:15. ON. rauda cruor, das rote Blut (Mobius), yolk of an 
egg: NIcel. rauda yolk of an egg, raudi iron ochre: ON. raudr, Goth. 
raups, OE. read, etc., red: Lith. rauda red color, rudas braunrot, 
Lat. rujus rothaarig, etc. 

152:16. Sw. dial. (Rz.) de{t) balla blood: balla beautify, make 
red, bal bald, big, nimble, fair, beautiful, of brilliant color, ball fdrg 
bright color, ball hy bright, rosy complexion. 



older germanic and scandinavian 191 

153. Flesh 
Lump, Bunch 

153:01. Goth, mimz, (ablaut) mammo Fleisch: Lat. membrum 
Glied, Skt. mdsd-m Fleisch, Gr. fxrjpos Schenkel, der fleischige Teil 
des Oberschenkels, OBulg. mezdra membrana, feine Haut auf 
frischer Wunder, das Fleischige an etwas, m§so Fleisch, OPruss. 
mensd Fleisch, Lett, mesa id., Olr. mlr Bissen (Stuck Fleisch), Alb. 
mis Fleisch, Arm. mis Fleisch, Gr. fir}pi.y£ Haut. (Walde 2 474 with 
references) : OHG. mdsa Narbe, Wundmal, masar knorriger Auswuchs 
am Ahorn u. anderen Baumen, maseron knorrig werden, masala 
Blutgeschwulst, and perhaps also Lat. umerus (*omeso-s) shoulder, 
etc. Wood, Mod. Phil. XI, 315. Cf. 97:07. 

153:02. Norw. hympe a piece of flesh: hump a mountain knoll 
or small rock, hupp thin portion between ribs and thighs of slaugh- 
tered animals, NIcel. huppur hip (116:07), groin (119:09). 

153:03. ESw. hals-spene lump of flesh under the neck of sheep 
or swine : hats neck (41 : 06) -\-spene teat, dug (101 : 04) . 

Soft, Lean Part (as Opposed to the Hard Parts) 

153:04. OE. lira fleshy part of the body without fat or bone, 
Scot, lire flesh or muscles as distinguished from the bones, MDu. 
lire, Here fleshy part of the leg, calf (79:09), OE. llreht brawny: OE. 
Icessa less (Goth. Haisiza), Ices adv., OS. les weniger, Lith. Usas mager, 
Lett, less mager, hager, lesa gala mageres Fleisch, auch bloss im 
Gegensatze zum Fette, das derbe Fleisch. Wood, Mod. Phil. XI, 335. 

153 : 05. ON. lundir the flesh along the back, the meat inside the 
back: ODan. lynd, Norw. lund hip (116:11), loin (118:11), OE. 
lynd fat, fatness (154:01), gelynd fat, gelyndu joints of the spine 
(158:02). 

153:06. ON. kjot (dat. kjotvi), NIcel. kjot, Sw. kott, Dan. kjtfd 
flesh: Skt. gudd- Darm: MLG. kut(e) die weichen Teile im Tier- 
korper, Eingeweide, Rogenbeutel, Wade, NLG. kut Darm, Du. kuit 
Wade, Fischrogen, Scot, kite Bauch, Magen, Bav. kutz ein Teil der 
Eingeweide. Cf . Fick III 4 , 46 f . 

153 : 07. OE. breed flesh. Cf . 79 : 14. 

153:08. OE. hryeg-brcedan pi. flesh on both sides of the spine: 
hrycg back (111: 05) +brcedan: breed flesh (153:07). 



192 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

153:09. OE. hrycg-riple flesh on both sides of the spine: hrycg 
back (111:05) +riple, dimin. of ribb rib (107:01). 

Covering 

153:10. Norw. toka, tuku swine's hide, hairy skin, abdominal 
flesh: Lat. toga Oberkleid, Olr. imm-thuige Bekleidung (supposing 
Norw. KO^.p). Cf. F-T 1146. Cf. 145:10. 

Piece, Slice, Strip 

153 : 11. Shetl. bd in the expression de J r nedder ben or ba in it there 
is neither bone nor bacon in it: Far. pada pick, tear off pieces of 
flesh in flaying sheep. The transition from p to b (as in several 
Shetland words) may be attributed to assimilation with ben. Jakob- 
sen 21. 

153:12. ON. flesk pork, ham or bacon, OE. flcesc flesh, body 
(94:43), OFris. flask, flesk flesh, OS. flesk flesh, body, OHG. fleisc, 
MHG. vleisch Fleisch: ON. flis, Norw. flis, Sw.flisa splinter, chip. 

153: 13. OE. flcec Fleisch: OE. fliece, ON. flikki flitch of bacon: 
Norw. flika abgeschnittenes Stuck. 

153:14. ON., Norw. hold, Sw. hull flesh, OE. hold dead body: 
OE. holdian aufschneiden, hyldan Haut abziehen, ON. hylda Fleisch 
aufschneiden, Skt. kata- (*kalta-) Leiche, Olr. colinn Fleisch: IE. 
*keld, *kla schlagen, spalten: Gr. /cXdco breche, Lat. clades Niederlage, 
OBulg. koljq, klati stechen, schlachten. 

153:15. ON. hgrund human, flesh, skin (145:29), complexion, 
body (94:45), membrum virile (141:43), Lat. caro Fleisch, ursprgl. 
Abschnitt, Stuck (Fleisch), Gr. Kelpco, /capiat schneide ab, schere, 
Skt. krnati, krnoti verletzt, totet. Cf . Walde 2 133. 

153:16. OHG. swade Reihe abgemahten Grases, bildl. von lang 
herunter gerissenem Fleische am Korper: OE. sweep track, trace, NE. 
swath Schwaden. 

153:17. MHG. scharf f. Fleisch, sterblicher Mensch. Lexer, 
Hwb. 211. Loan-word from French char or connected with schern 
abschneiden. 

153 : 18. Sw. dial, byxan piece of flesh from the thigh of the ox. 

153:19. ON. filla der fleischige Teil von etwas sammt seiner 
Haut; knakkar-filla, kinn-filla (Mobius 98): ON. fjall Haut, Fell, 
Goth, -fill, etc. Cf. 145:22. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 193 

153:20. ON. hnakka-fylla Flcisch und Haut des Nackens: 
hnakki neck (41:03)+/t/ZZa fill. 

Food 

153:21. OE. ces, OHG., MHG. as Fleisch eines toten Korpers, 
Aas, Koder, verachtl. fur Korper (94:51) : ON. eta, at eat: at the act 
of eating, food, OE. at, OS. at, OHG., MHG. az Speise. 

Likeness 

153:22. Goth, leik Leib, Fleisch, Leichnam, OHG. llh, llch 
Leib, corpus, caro. Cf. 94:01. 

154. Fat, Blubber 
Soft, Tender Part 

154:01. OE. lynd fat, fatness, gelynd fat. Cf. 153:05. 

154:02. ON. morr suet, Norw. mor chopped-up food, edible 
part of intestines, sausage: OE. mearu tender, delicate, OHG. 
marawi, muruwi, murbe, zart, etc. (W.). 

154:03. OE. spina 1 fat, OHG., MHG. spint Fett, Schmeer; der 
weiche Holzstoff zwischen Rinde und Kern, NHG. Bav. spind id., 
das Kasige im Backwerk, spund Holzstoff, auch dickes Brett. Fick 
III 4 , 508. 

Smear 

154:04. Goth, smairpr Fett; ON. smjgr grease, butter, OE. 
smeoro fat, grease, suet, tallow, OFris. smere Unschlitt, OHG. smew 
Fett, Schmer, ON. smyrja, OE. smierwan, smierian, OHG. smirwen 
schmieren, Goth, smarna Mist, Gr. Gfivpis Schmirgel, phpov Salbol, 
Lith. smarsus, smartsvas, smarste Fett, Olr. smir Mark. Schade 2 
832 f. 

Swelling 

154:05. ON. feiti fatness, fita fat, grease, OE. fcett fat, fatted 
calf: ON. feita fatten, OE. fcettian grow fat, Gr. 7rI5a£ fountain, 
ttISvo) make well forth, root pid- strotzen, schwellen. Cf. Persson, 
Wurzelerw. 35. 

154:06. ON. spik blubber, OE. spic bacon, lard, OLG., MLG. 
spek, OHG., MHG. spek Speck: Skt. sphij,- sphigi Hinterbacken, 



194 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Hufte, sphdyate wird feist, nimmt zu, sphdkd-h strotzend. Cf. 
Schade 2 850. 

Inner Parts 

154:07. ON. istr, istra paunch-fat, Norw., Sw. ister lard, ODan. 
istre fat, kidney-fat. Cf. 135:06. 

Coil 

154 : 08. Norw. kraas fat around the intestines of animals. Cf . 
135:24. 

Piece, Slice 

154:09. Far. sigg hard and cartilaginous blubber of whale, as in 
the swimmers. Cf . 145 : 36. 

154:10. OE. rysel fat, OS. rusal rohes Stuck Fett, Speckseite, 
Sw. dial, rosen Schmeerbauch, ON. holdrosa die Fleischseite (einer 
Haut), reyrr Steinhaufe. Cf. Fick III 4 , 353. Cf. 149:09. 

155. Marrow 
Soft Mass, Bunch 

155:01. ON., NIcel. mergr, Norw. merg, OSw. mcergher, Sw. 
mdrg, ODan. marg, Dan. marv, OE. mearg marrow, OS. marg, OHG. 
marag, marg, MHG. marc Mark, medulla, Germ. *mazga-: OBulg. 
mozgu Him, OPruss. musgeno Mark, Skt. majjdn- id., Av. mazga- 
Hirn (cf. Zupitza, Gutt. 179 with references): OHG. masar Maser, 
knorriger Auswuchs, maseron knorrig werden, masa Narbe, etc. 
Wood, Mod. Phil. XI, 315 f . 

155 : 02. OE. hrycg-mearg spinal marrow : hrycg back (111 : 05) + 
mearg (155:01)-. 

155:03. Sw. dial, kdlk marrow, ME. kelkes ova of fishes, 
colke core of fruit, Gr. ye\yis Kern des Knoblauchs. Zupitza, 
Gutt. 210. 

Froth 

155:04. NIcel. fraud the dry and withered marrow of lean and 
half -starved animals (Vigfusson 171), ON. fraud froth as of roasted 
meat or of a roasted apple, frofia froth, e.g. on milk. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 195 

Ridge 

155:05. NIcel. mcena spinal marrow, spinal cord, Norw., Far. 
m0na id., Shetl. mfini marrow of the spine: ON. m0ner, NIcel. mcenir 
ridge of a house, m0na, mcena tower, hervorragen. 

156. Quick 

(of Nail or in Horn) 
Live, Sensitive Part 

156:01. ON. kvika, Norw. kvik, Sw. kvicke das Fleisch in den 
Tierhufen, das Fleisch unter den Nageln, Dan. dial, qvcege id., NE. 
quick: adj. ON. kvikr, Norw. kvik, Sw. kvick, NE. quick lebendig, 
lebhaft. 

Nail-Yard 

156:02. Sw. dial, nagelgdrd quick, lit. nail-yard: nagel nail 
(70 : 01) +grdrd yard. 

Root of the Nail 

156:03. Sw. nagelrot quick, lit. nail-root: nagel nail (70:01)4- 
rot root. 

Tip, Point 

156:04. Norw. jinn the porous bone in the tip of horns, flesh 
in a horse's hoof, small pimple, especially in the face. Cf. 73:06. 

156:05. Sw. dial, 'onns-ikkel quick in horn: 'onns horn's-h 
ikkel point. Cf. Sw. dial, ais-ikkel, E. icicle, OE. giecel, etc. (152: 10). 

156:06. ESw. tickel point; quick: tickla ragged end (of a rug), 
NE. tickle kitzeln, Alem. zicklen aufreizen, MHG. zicken stossen, 
necken. 

156:07. Norw. stukul the inner part of a horn, stauka stamp 
down, stuka compress by striking at the end of something, MDu. 
stuken stossen, stauen, aufschichten, zusammenpacken, E. dial. 
stoke das Feuer schuren, MHG. stochen. Cf. Fick IIP, 494. Cf. 
14:28, 157:03, and 162:92. 

156:08. ESw. hornsteka quick in horn: horn horn (157:01) 
+steka (157:03). 

156:09. ESw. tange quick in horn. Cf. 28:01. 



196 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

156:10. Dan. dial, andenegl quick: ande (for *angef), ON. 
ange Stachel, Spitze, NIcel. angi small twig, sprout, OE. anga prickle, 
sting, goad, ang-ncegl corn (on foot), NE. hangnail, etc.,+Dan. negl 
nail (W.). 

Miscellaneous 

156 : 1 1 . Dan. dial, ildnagler quick : ild fire -\-nagler nails (70 : 01) . 

156: 12. Sw. dial, dild quick in horn. 

156 : 13. Norw. j<f>yra, flfiyra, frfiyra crack or hole in a tree, pores, 
porous or hollow substance in bones, inner part of horn. 

156 : 14. ESw. kone quick in the horns of cattle. 

156:15. ESw. krdka (crow) quick in the hoof of horses. Cf. 
159:17. 

156 : 16. Norw. slo der fleischige Kern im Home oder im Hufe, 
Dan. dial, slu, slug, Sw. dial, slu, sluv, slo die Hiilse um den empfind- 
lichsten Teil im Home oder in den Hufen: MLG. slu Fruchthulse, 
Fruchtbalg, Schale. 

157. Horn 
Tip, Point 

157:01. Goth, haurn, ON., OE., OFris., OS., OHG. horn horn: 
Lat. cornu, Gr. Kepas horn, Skt. cirah Kopf, Spitze, Lat. cerebrum 
brain, etc. Cf. 19:04. 

157:02. Dan. tak, takke, projecting point, jag; tooth or cog 
of a wheel; antler: NE. tack small nail, LG. tak Zacke, Zweig, Ast, 
NHG. Zacke. 

157:03. ON. stikill the pointed end of a horn, Norw. stikel 
sharp point, thorn, horn tip, the outermost part of horn, Far. stikel, 
OSw. stikel, ODan. stegl horn tip, Dan. steile Knochenzapfen in Horn, 
ON. stik stakes, piles, stika stick, candlestick, Norw. stikka stick, 
peg, Sw. sticka id., etc., E. stick. Cf. Norw. stukul (156:09). Cf. 
162:92. 

Knob 

157:04. ON. knyfill short horn: Norw. knuv a firm mass with 
rounded top, knyvla a small horn often hanging to the skin, MHG. 
knubel Knochel, knopf, kniipfen, etc. Cf. 69:06. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 197 

Stub 

157:05. Norw. nyvel, nyvla, nygla horn stump, Bmall horn: 
Norw. nyve grimmige Miene, Stirnrunzeln, eig. kleinc Erhohung: 
Norw. nuv abgerundete Spitze, nuv abgestumpft, Sw. dial, nuvug 
ungehornt, von Vieh, ON. nufa< (*hnufa) mit Abschneidcn von 
Nase und Ohren bestrafte Frau. 

Branch 

157:06. Dan. gmXMHG. gewige Geweih, ODan. hjortevie, 
hjorteveie Hirschhorn: Skt. vi auseinander, vayd Zweig. Compare 
for mg. MLG. hertestwich Hirschgeweih, twlch Zweig; Geweih (F-T 
305). So also Lat. ramus branch, twig: branch of a stag's antlers. 

158. Joint 

(See also 75 Limb) 
Knot, Bunch 

158:01. Bornh. knyst natural knot on several parts of the body: 
on thumb, shoulder, back, unnatural swelling caused by pressure: 
Norw. knyste, knust Knorren, MLG. knust id., MHG. kniXsten stossen, 
quetschen, knussen, knilsen, OHG. knussen stossen, schlagen, kneten, 
LG. knusen driicken, Dan. knuse, ON. knosa, etc. Cf. 159:03. 

158:02. OE. gelyndu joints of the spine: lynd fat, fatness, ON. 
lundir the flesh along the back, etc. Cf . 153 : 05. 

Joint, Meeting, Artus 

158:03. OE. gefog, gefeg joining, joint: fegan join, unite, NE. 
fay fit, join, unite closely, NHG./%en join. 

158:04. ON. mot meeting; joint, juncture: lidamot joints, OS w. 
lipa-mot id., ON. hdmot ankle joint. Cf. 75:02 and 90:01. 

Bend 

158:05. OHG. gileich, MHG. geleich Gelenk, Glied, artus: 
MHG. leichen aufspringen, in die Hohe steigen, refl. sich biegen, 
Goth, laikan springen, hiipfen. 

158:06. OE. lipincel little joint, lip joint, limb, etc. (75:02). 

Jet, Pipe 

158:07. Norw. buna bone, limbs, arms and legs. Cf. 160:07 



198 parts of the body in 

159. Cartilage 
Bunch, Knot, Knob 

159:01. ON. brjosk, Norw. brjosk, brosk, br0sk, Sw. brosk, Dan. 
bryske, Dan. brusk cartilage: MHG. brusche Brausche, mit Blut 
unterlaufene Beule, Steir. brosch Uterus des Schweines, broschel dick, 
aufgedunsen, von breiter Statur, Norw. brusk Gebusch, brus Buschel, 
Strauss. Wood, Mod. Phil. XI, 329. Cf. Fick III 4 , 282. Cf. 
162:94. 

159:02. OHG. crustula, crostela, crospel, MHG. krosel, krospel, 
krostel Knorpel, Norw. krfiys, kro'ysa klynge, dynge, knot, heap, mass, 
krusk mass, cluster, bunch, krusl noget smaat og sammenklynget, 
something small and gathered into a knot or cluster (W.). 

159:03. MHG. knospel Knorpel: knospe Knorren, knospoht, 
knospet klotzig, plump, MHG. zerknuspern conquassare, kniis(s)en, 
OHG. knussen stossen, schlagen, kneten, OE. cnyssan beat, dash 
against, LG. knusen driicken, etc. Wood, IE. a x , 95. Cf. 158:01. 

159:04. MHG. knorre Knorren an Baumen und Steinen, Huft- 
knochen (117:05), Knorpel: knure Knoten, Knorren, Fels, Klippe, 
Gipfel. Cf. 116:09. 

159 : 05. MHG. knorpel Knorpel. Cf. 159 : 04. 

159:06. MHG. knorbelbein Knorpel: knorbel = knorpel (159:05) 
+bein bone (77:07). 

Crust 

159 : 07. Norw. krabbe breast, cartilage, breastplate. Cf . 100 : 01. 

Something Crushed, Lump 

159:08. OE. gristel gristle, MLG. gristel Knorpel: OE. grist- 
lung gnashing (of teeth), OHG. grist-grimmo Zahneknirschen, MHG. 
gris-gram id., gristen zerreiben, zermalmen, MLG. grls grober Sand, 
Kiessand, Ir. grian Gries, grober Sand, Cymr. graian sabulum, 
saburra, glarea. Wood, Mod. Phil. I, 240. 

159:09. OE. grost gristle: OE. greosn gravel, pebble, OSw., Sw. 
grus Gries, Kies, Schutt, EFris. grusen knirschen, reibend u. knir- 
schend zerkleinern, zerbrockeln, LG. grusen, griXsseln zerreiben, 
zerbrockeln. 

159:10. Norw. skrump cartilage, hard meat. Cf. 112:20. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 199 

Shield 

159: 11. Norw. skjfildra cartilage in the lower part of the chest : 
skjfild shield, plate. 

Flat Piece 

159:12. OE. middelflere partition (gristle of the nose): middel 
middle, mid-+flere: flcere (21:03). 

Breast-Piece 

159 : 13. ESw. brostlapp a cartilaginous piece back of the breast- 
bone of cattle: lap a patch, piece: brost breast (99:05)+Zapp patch. 

159:14. ON. bringspplr, pi. bringspelir the cartilaginous parts 
by which the lowest ribs are joined to the thorax. Cf. 99:42. 

159:15. Far. bringukoppar the cartilaginous parts which join 
the thorax to the ribs: bringa breast (99 : 02) -\-koppar ? 

? 

159:16. Sw. dial, ndfskryl cartilage of the nose: ndf, ndv beak, 
nose, projecting point (23 : 02) -\-skryl meaning doubtful. Cf. 25:04. 

Crow 

159:17. Norw. kraaka crow: gable-head, beam of a loom; 
breastbone of a swine; cartilage in a hoof. Cf. 100:03. 

Frog 

159:18. Norw. frosk cartilage or flesh in a horse's hoof: ON. 
froskr frog. Compare NE. frog cartilage or flesh in the horse's hoof. 

160. Bone 
Club, Bunch, Knob 

160:01. ON. bein os, crus, Sw., Dan. ben bone, leg, OE. ban 
bone, OHG., MHG. bein Knochen, Bein. Cf. 77:07. 

160:02. ON. kjuka Knochen, Norw. kjuka Knorren: ON. kok 
gullet, Lith. guzys Kropf, Pol. guz Beule, Knorren. Zupitza, Gutt. 
148 with references. 

160:03. Dan. knokkel bone, knuckle, MHG. knocke Astknorren, 
Knochen. Cf. 69:08. 

160:04. Norw. kvann a sort of long hard bones in the brain of 
fish. Aasen 399 says : "The correct form of the word is presumably 



200 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

kvarn, since in Iceland it is kvorn, which also means mill (Sw. kvarri), 
the bones which lie in pairs have been likened to millstones/ ' Since 
Norw. kv- may here be from ON. hv- } cf . 1 : 12. 

Block-Bone? 

160:05. Shelt. bloguben large arched bone immediately under 
the gills, Far. bl<fkubein with the same mg., also hip bone. Cf. 
117:11. For bein bone cf. 77:07. 

Bone-Pipe 

160 : 06. Sw. benpipa a long bone, as those of the limbs : ben bone 
(77:07)+pipa pipe, Rohre. 

Jet, Pipe 

160:07. Norw. buna Knochenrohre, Wadenbein, fibula: NIcel. 
buna jet, shoot, vb. gush, well. Wood, MLN. XXIX, 69. Cf. 
158:07. 

160:08. Shetl. bonek large bone, joint, especially the upper part 
of an animal's thigh. Cf. 76:12. 

Spire 

160 : 09. Norw. spira jet, thin bone, forelock. Cf . 162 : 83. 

Marrow-Chamber 

160:10. OE. mearh-cofa bone: mearg marrow, pith (155:01) + 
cofa chamber. 

Miscellaneous 

160:11. Far. elja a cartilaginous bone in fish close to the front 
fins. 

160: 12. OE. hlon bone of head. 

161. Skeleton 
Bone-Frame 

161:01. ON. beinagrind, Norw. beingrind skeleton: bein os, 
crus (77 : 07) + grind fence, gate, frame. 

161:02. ESw. benram skeleton: ben bone (77 : 07) +mm frame. 

161:03. Sw. dial, benranka skeleton: Sw. ben bone (77:07) + 
ranka vine. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 201 

161:04. ESw. (beri)skrov skeleton: skrov disorderly mass, Sw. 
skrov hull of a ship, trunk of an animal's body, Dan. dial, skrog hull 
of a ship, skeleton of birds, Dan. skrog hull of a ship, body, carcass. 
Cf. 94:35. 

Row, Bone-Row 

161:05. Sw. dial, rad, rade, radd, benrad, Dan. benrad, ODan. 
rad, dfidning-rad skeleton: ben bone, dfidning corpse, rad row, ON. 
rod, radar row, series. Cf. 94:58. 

Bone-Heap 

161:06. ESw. benrammel skeleton: ben bone (77 : 07) -\-rammel 
heap of boulders. 

Bone-Rubbish 

161:07. ESw. benskravel skeleton: ben bone (77: 07) -\-skravel 
rubbish. 

Bone-Rattle (Rattletrap) 

161:08. Sw., Dan. benrangel skeleton, rangel benrad, meget 
mager krop : ben bone (77 : 07) -\-rangel unsteady walk : rangla swing, 
totter, waver. 

161:09. OSw., Sw. dial, benragel skeleton: ben bone (77:07) 
-\-ragel unsteady walk: Sw. ragla walk unsteadily, ESw. (ben) 
ravel probably same word. 

161:10. Shetl. harlibens pi. bones, skeleton: Norw. harla 
(speaking of tools) move with difficulty (ungreased, uneven, in a 
jerky or shaky manner) and noisily, make a squeaking, jarring noise 
by hard or uneven contact, tease. 

162. Hair 
Look, Appearance 

162:01. ON. hy the down of plants, hair, feathers (72:05), 
Norw. hy down, shagginess, especially of mold, thin beard or hair, 
also of small grass: Goth, him Aussehen. Cf. 145:01. 

Covering 

162:02. Norw. hetta hood, lid, cover; hair of the head, head 
(1 : 53) , forehead (6 : 07) , haarhetta wig, thick hair of the head (haar hair 



202 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

162:73), hott hair of the head: ON. hgttr, hattr hood, Sw. hatt, Dan. 
hat hat, OE. hcett hat; hod hood, OFris. hod Hut, OHG., MHG. huot 
Hut, etc. 

162 : 03. Norw. hedna hair of the head. Cf . 162 : 02. 

Top, Summit 

162:04. Sw. dial, hdrna skull, head (1 :02), mass of hair, tuft of 
hair, harne forehead (6:01), skin of the forehead (145:60), hair of the 
head. Cf. 2:02. 

162:05. Norw. koll top, head, scalp lock. Cf. 1:15. 

162:06. Norw. frott, frunt, frutt protruded lips (33:04), mouth 
(26:08), wrinkled nose (23:17) and raised upper lip, scalp (5:02), 
forelock : frunten full of wrinkles, frunta point, wrinkle the nose. 

Sharp Point, Prickle 

162:07. Norw. ugg thorn, prickle; bristle. Cf. 73:07. 

162:08. Crimean Goth, bars, ON. bard, OE. beard, OFris. berd, 
OHG., MHG. bart beard, ON. also brim, beak or armed prow of 
ships, stem: ON. barfia Axt, OHG. barta Beil, Barte: Lat. barba, 
OBulg. brada Bart, OPruss. bordus, Lett. baWda, bdrda id., ba'rjda, 
Lith. barzdd Bart, etc. Cf. 162:11. 

162:09. Dan. bardunstrcebere whiskers. 

162: 10. Norw. brodd sting, point, sprout of corn, hair, especially 
of reindeer and elks: ON. broddr spike, shaft, sting, prick, goad, the 
front of a column or body of men, OE. brord point, first blade of grass, 
young plant, bryrdan stimulate, Norw. brydda sprout, germinate, 
Germ, base *bruzd-: Norw. brus tuft, bush, brusa spread out, become 
bushy, boast, brilse tuft, juniper, LG. brusen neue Triebe werfen, 
sich ausbreiten, von Pflanzen, OS. brustian Knospen treiben, MHG., 
NHG. sich brilsten, etc. Wood, Mod. Phil XI, 329. Cf. 162:94. 

162:11. ON. burst, bust bristle, bristles, gablehead or ridge of a 
house, bursti, burstar-hdr bristly hair, Dan. bfirste bristle, brush, Norw. 
bust bristle, stiff hair, ridge of a house, edge of "helleberg" slabs, 
Sw. borst bristle, borste brush, OE. byrst, brystf bristle: Skt. bhrsti-h 
Spitze, Kante, Ende, OHG. parren steif emporstehen, ON. barr 
Fichtennadeln, Sw. borre, Dan. burre Klette, NE. bur id. Fick III 4 , 
265 f. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 203 

162:12. Norw. villbust single long hairs in the eyebrow of 
beasts: vill wild+6ws£ bristle (162:11). 

162:13. Norw. veidebust stiff hair on the upper lip, as of cats: 
veide hunt -{-bust bristle (162: 11). 

162:14. ON. grgn the hair on the upper lip, mustache, lip 
(33:03), OE. granu mustache, MLG. gran Bart an Ahren, Barthaare 
an der Oberlippe, OHG. grana Barthaare auf der Oberlippe, Ahren- 
spitze, Fischbein, NHG. Granne Kornspelzen, Schweinsborsten, 
Tasthaare, Nadel, Tangel: Olr. grend Mundbart, Alb. krande Wein- 
ranke, Strohhalm, krane Stachel, Dorn, OBulg. grant Ecke. 

162: 15. ON. granst<j>di the bearded part of the face, gran-, grgn 
the hair on the upper lip, mustache, lip (33 : 03) -f-s^efo stead, place. 

162: 16. ON. skegg, Sw. skdgg, Dan. skjeg beard: ON. skaga jut 
out, skagi low cape or ness, skogr wood, forest, OE. sceagga, sceacga 
hair of the head, NE. shag coarse hair or nap, rough woolly hair. 

162:17. Norw. hovskjegg, Sw. hovskdgg hair, fuzz on a horse's 
feet above the hoofs. 

162: 18. Sw. pipskdgg chin beard, lit. pipe beard. 

162:19. Sw. dial, lappskdgg mustache: lapp lip (33 : 07) -\-skdgg 
beard (162:16). 

162:20. ESw. ndsskdgg mustache: ndsa nose (23:01) -\- skdgg 
beard (162:16). 

162:21. OE. feax-sceaga bunch of hair: feax (162 -A9) -\-sceaga 
(162:16). 

162:22. Norw. spit hair tuft, curl: spita taper, run to a point, 
fasten with a pin, NHG. Spitze point. 

162:23. ON. kanpr, kampr beard on the lips, mustache, the 
whiskers, front wall, NIcel. kampur beard, OFris. kenep Knebelbart, 
OE. cenep mustache: Gr. yeveids beard, chin, yeveiov chin, cheek, the 
hair of the chin, cheek, beard, 7eVus chin, cheek, beard, Goth, kinnus 
Wange, OE. cinn chin. Cf. 35:03. 

Crown 

162:24. MHG. krone Kranz, Kamm, Schopf, geschorne Glatze. 
From Lat. corona. Cf . 3 : 13. 

162: 25. Shetl. hwir(e)l scalp lock, the center of the crown, hwarl 
scalp lock. Cf. 3:14. 



204 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

162:26. Sw. dial, segers-hvarv Haarwirbel am Schwanz der 
Pferde, spada romana: seger (162: 63) +hvarv turn. 

Twist, Curl, Braid 

162:27. ON. kdrr curl in the hair (af-kdrr strange, prodigious), 
Norw. kaure curl, especially of wool, shavings, a triangular patch in 
clothes: kura bend down, let (the head) droop, lie quiet, rest, sleep, 
kuren bent down, ill, discouraged, ME. couren NE. cower kauern, 
MLG. kuren lauern: Gr. yvpos krumm, gebogen, yvpos Krummung, 
Kreis (Wood, PBB. XXIV, 530), Arm. cur schief, krumm, gebogen. 
Cf. Fick III 4 , 45. 

162:28. MHG. kruse krauses Haar, gekrauseltes Haar: krus 
gelockt, kraus. 

162:29. Norw. krull, Dan. brjlle, MHG. krol, krolle, krulle, ME. 
crol, NE. curl lock of hair: MHG. krol lockig, *kruzla-, krus gelockt, 
kraus. Kluge. 

162:30. ESw, hdrnock tuft of hair: Mr hair (162: 71) +nock 
nap of wool, spider, point, Sw. dial, ndkka skein, small twisted bundle, 
etc. 

162:31. Goth, wulla, ON., Norw., Sw. nil, Dan. uld, OE. wull, 
NE. wool, OFris. wolle, -idle, OHG. wolle Wolle: OBulg. vluna Wolle, 
Lett, wilna id., Lith. vilna Wollfaser, pi. Wolle, Skt. urna Wolle, Lat. 
Idna id.: Gr. ov\os curly, Skt. vdlati wendet sich, dreht sich, Lith. 
velti verwirren, verschlingen, etc. Cf . Walde 2 410 f . with references, 
where, however, Idna wool, etc., are referred to Lat. vellus fleece, 
vellere pluck, to which they may belong. 

162:32. ON. lokkr lock of hair, OE. locc hair of the head, lock 
of hair, curl, ringlet, ho?r-loccas locks of hair, curls, OHG. loc, cin- 
cinnus, capillus, crinis, Haar, Haarstrahn, MHG. loc Haarlocke, 
Haar, Mahne, Shetl. lokki lump, tuft rolled together, especially wool 
or yarn, ON. hjkkja loop, curve: Lith. lugnas biegsam, geschmeidig, 
Gr. \vyoo) \vyi£a) biege, kniipfe, \vyos junger, biegsamer Zweig, OE. 
I ilea n interlace, close, Goth, ga-lukan schliessen. Zupitza, Gutt. 164. 

162 : 33. Dan. dial, enkelok curl in the front part of the hair which 
will not stay with the rest of the hair, lit. widow curl, enke widow + 
tofclock (162:32). 

162:34. OE. ear-loccas Stirnlocken : eare ear (20: 01) -\-loccas 
locks (162:32). 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 205 

162:35. OE. h&r-locc lock of hair: hcer hair (162: 71) +locc 
lock (162:32). 

162:36. Sw. dial, mare lokk, maru-luk with same mg. as mara- 
flata (162:39): mare, maru+lokk, luk (162:32). 

162:37. OE. locc-gewind, winde-locc curl, hair: locc hair, lock, curl 
(162:32), gewind anything spiral, winding path, vine-tendril, windan 
wind, twist. 

162:38. Goth, flahta or flahto, ON. hdr-fletta, flettingr, OSw. 
harfldtta braid of hair, MHG. vlehte Flechte, Flechtwerk, Haarflechte, 
OE. fleohta hurdle, ON. fletta, OHG. flehtan flechten, Lat. plecto 
braid, interweave, Gr. irXeKcc flechten. Cf. Walde 2 591. For ON. hdr, 
etc., cf. 162:71. 

162:39. Sw. dial, mara-fldta a tuft of a horse's hair tangled by 
sweat and dirt, supposed to be caused by maran: ON. mara night- 
mare, incubus, OE. mare nightmare, OHG., MHG. mar qualendes 
Nachtgespenst, Nachtalp, incubus, Russ. kikimora Gespenst, Pol. 
mora, Bohem. mura Alp. Kluge 6 256. Compare NHG. Mahrflechte, 
Mahrklatte, Mahrlocke. For fldta cf. 162:38. 

162:40. ON. sveipr fold, folding, a curl in the hair, curly hair, a 
kind of head dress, a sudden stir, disturbance, OHG. sweif drehende 
Bewegung, Schweif , Schwanz : ON. sveipa cast, turn, wrap, swaddle, 
sveipa kerchief, hood, sweifan wenden. 

162:41. Dan. dial, taart curl, braid: en fletning af ire taarte a 
braiding of three braids. 

162:42. MHG. wieche Docht von Garn gedreht, gedrehte 
Charpie in einer Wunde, Lunte, Zopf . 

162:43. MHG. span Holzspan, hobelspanformige Ringelung 
der aussersten Haare, wider-span harter Span, etc., Widerstreben, 
Zank, Ringelung der Locken. 

Slit 

162:44. ON. gjglnar the whiskers of the Fenriswolf: gjglnar 
heita granar hans (Fritzner), the gills of fish (Vigfusson) (45 : 03) : Gr. 
xeXvprj Lippe, Kinnlade. Cf. Zupitza, Gutt. 217 and Fick III 4 , 131. 

Strip, Strand 

162:45. OHG. streno, MHG. strene, stren kleines der Lange nach 
zusammengelegtes oder geflochtenes Biindel von Haaren oder Faden, 
Strahne, Sw. dial, strena Streifen an der Haut. 



206 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

Something Torn or Plucked Off, Vellus 

162:46. ESw. hdrskate tuft of hair: hdr hair (162:71) +skata cut 
off the top of trees and bushes, skat-dnde top end. 

162:47. ESw. (hdr)spjdra a single hair: spjdrra stick, Norw. 
spjerra, spjcere split, tear. 

162:48. Dan. dial, mievs, mi0vs a thin and trimmed lock of hair. 

162 : 49. ON. fax mane, Norw. fax id., OE. feax hair of the head, 
head of hair, feaxnes, fcexnis head of hair, OFris. fax, OS., OHG. 
fahs, MHG. vahs Haupthaar: Lat. pecto kammen, pexus wollig, Gr. 
tt€ktco, weKO) kamme, schere, irenos Fliess, Wolle, tokos Flocke, Lith. 
peszti rupfen, an den Haaren zausen, Skt. pak-sman- Augenwimpern, 
Haar, Av. pahm Augenlid, NPers. pasm Wolle, OE. fihl pannus. 
Walde 2 568 with references. 

162 : 50. OE. locc-feax head of hair : locc hair, lock, curl (162 : 32) 
+feax (162:49). 

162:51. OE. feax-eacan forelocks feax (162: 49) +eaca increase, 
addition, lit. hair addition, additional hair. 

162:52. OSw. f alder skin, hide (145:23), ON. feldr cloak, Sw. 
fall hide with the hair on, etc. Cf . 145 : 22. 

162:53. ON. skgr rim, edge, the joints in a ship's planking, 
hair, top of the hair, head (1 :05), Sw. slang skoret the hair, ON. skera 
cut, shape, carve, Sw. skdra id., OE. sceran, scieran cut, NE. shear, 
OHG. sceran scheren, MHG. schuor Schur, Lith. skard ein abgeris- 
sener Lappen. Cf . 3 : 22. 

162 : 54. Sw. dial, seger-skdr Haarwirbel am Schwanz des Pferdes, 
spadaromana: seger (162: 63) -\-skdr: skdra cut. 

162:55. OHG. zata juba, Zotte, zatoht zottig, zetten zetten, 
streuen, zerstreut fallen lassen, NHG. zader zerrissenes Tuch, Fetzen, 
zaderet faserig, Gr. dareoixai divide, distribute. Wood, IE. a x , 68. 

162:56. Dan. dial, tat, tate a lock of flax, wool, hair, yarn which 
may be twisted or braided: NIcel. twta tease, dress (wool), tear, 
txtla tear, Bav. zetzen vexieren, foppen, NE. tat rag, tatter id., ON. 
tgtrar tatters. Cf. 162:55. 

162:57. Ork. test, Sw. test, hdrtest a, tuft of hair, Norw. tist 
Faser, Splitter, tist Gestrauch, EFris., Du. teisteren reissen, OE. 
tcesel Kardendistel, OHG. zeisala id., Sw. dial, teisa, tesa zerpflucken, 
Dan. dial, tese zupfen, OE. tcesan zerpflucken. Cf. F-T 1312. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 207 

162:58. ON. rggg, rgggr, ODan. rag, Norw., Sw. ragg grobes, 
struppiges Haar an Tieren, Sw. rugg zottiges Haar, Norw. rugga 
Teppich von grobem Zeug: Lith. rauju, rauti ausreissen, OBulg. riivq, 
ruvati ausreissen, Skt. ruvati zerschlagt, Lat. ruo reisse auf, wiihle, 
grabe, ON. ryja Wolle abreissen, Norw. ru lose Wolle, die Wolle die 
in der Mauser von den Schaf en losgeht. Cf . F-T 87 1 . 

Roughness, Shagginess 

162:59. MHG. rouch haarichte Stelle, Schamhaar, riuhe Rauh- 
heit, Behaartheit, Schamhaar, Pelzwerk, OLG. rugi rauhes Fell, 
grobe Decke, OE. ruh, rug rauh, struppig, behaart, unbebaut, E. 
rough, MLG. ru, ruck rauh, strupphaarig, etc. Cf . Fick IIP, 350. 

162:60. ON. lodin-hgfdi shaggy head, lodin-kinni shaggy cheek, 
Sw. ludd fuzz (on clothes), ON. lodinn hairy, shaggy, woolly, covered 
with thick grass, Sw. luden covered with hair, Goth, liudan wachsen. 
Cf. 145:57. 

162 : 61. ON. skrufr tuft of hair : skryfa make stiff or bristly, OE. 
scrybb underwood, NE. shrub bush, early Dan. skrub Gestrtipp, Une- 
benheit, Norw. skrubb rauher Mensch, ON. skrof broken or loose ice, 
Sw. skrovlig rauh, uneben, Lat. scrupus rough, sharp stone. Cf. 
Wood, IE. a x , 139. 

Something That Flaps or Dangles, Wedel, Juba, etc. 

162:62. MHG. wadel, wedel Wedel, Schwanz, Haarbtischel 
am Ende desselben. Cf. 114:03. 

162 : 63. Sw. dial, segers-vdl Haarwirbel am Schwanz des Pferdes, 
spada romana, seger (Germ. Zeiger) the hand of a clock -\-vdl: ON. 
veli, Norw. vele tail (114:03), MHG. wadel, wedel (162:62). 

162:64. ON. lufa dickes und dichtes Haar, Norw. liiv Stirn- 
locke, Schopf, etwas Herabhangendes, Sw. luv Schopf, Haarbtischel, 
Haar, Norw. luven dickhaarig, lufsen langhaarig: EFris. luf schlaff, 
matt, mtide, MLG. lobbe hangende Lippe, Manschette, Du. lobbig 
schlotterig, schlaff. 

162:65. Sw. kaluv ESw. kalufs, kalux hair (collectively). Prob- 
ably same as luv in 162:64 with an "unstressed fore-syllable" such as 
described by Wood, Mod. Phil. IX, 189 ff. 

162:66. Dan., Norw., Sw. lugg Haarbtischel: MLG. luggich 
trage, schlaff. Cf. F-T 661. 



208 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 

162:67. Far. drunnskeki wool left on the tail of the sheep after 
the rest has been removed, conspicuous part or color on a person's 
or an animal's back: drunnur hindpart or tail of cattle (112:34) + 
skeki: ON., Norw., Sw. skaka shake. 

162:68. OHG. zota, zoto, MHG. zote, zotte Zotte, herabhangende 
Haare, Faden od. Wolle: Du. todde Fetzen, Lumpen, ON. todda 
Buschel Wolle, toddi bit, piece, NE. tod bush, bushy clump, EFris. 
todden ziehen, schleppen, MHG. zoten langsam gehen, Tyrol, zotteln 
langsam, trage gehen, zottlet nachlassigen Anzugs, zottler Mann von 
zottigem Aussehen, Westf. toddelig schlotternd, schlotterig ange- 
zogen, Bav. zottern niederhangen wie Haare. Wood, MLN. XVI, 
18; XXVI, 167. Cf. Fick IIP, 167. 

162:69. ESw. tutt tuft of hair or wool: ON. tutla zupfen, 
pflucken, etc. Cf. 162:68. 

162:70. ESw. tuttlugg tuft of hair. For lugg cf. 162:66. 

162:71. ON. hdr, Sw. hdr, Dan. haar, OE. hcer, OFris. her, OS. 
hdr, OHG., MHG. hdr Haar: Lett, zera Haupthaar, zerba Locke, 
Lith. kafcziai Mahne, kdrti hangen. Walde 2 192. 

162:72. Norw. veidehaar stiff hair on the upper lip, as of cats: 
veide hunt -{-haar hair (162:71). 

162:73. Norw. veerhaar, vederhaar, Sw. vdderhar stiff hair on the 
upper lip, as of cats: Norw. veer, veder, Sw. vdder weather, Sw. vddra 
to air, to scent +Norw. haar, Sw. hdr hair (162:71). 

162 : 74. Dan. pandehaar forelock : pande forehead (6 : 09) -\-haar 
hair (162:71). 

162:75. Sw. dial, si-har hair, shag: si, Sw. sida side-\-har hair 
(162:71). 

162:76. Sw. morrhdr, ESw. marrhdr whiskers (as of a cat): 
morr-, marr-, Sw. morra grumble, growl, ESw. marra creak, 
growl, spit, purr, nag, grumble, grieve, be hurt, ache+Mr hair 
(162:71). 

162:77. Sw. dial, har-hvena small lock of hair, a few hairs, espe- 
cially over the forehead: hdr hair (162: 71) -\-hvena? 

162:78. Sw. harpiska queue: hdr hair (162:71) -\-piska whip. 

162:79. ON. leppr, hdr-leppr lock of hair, rag, tatter, Norw. lap, 
Sw. lapp rag, patch, OE. Iceppa tag, end, skirt, lobe, OFris. lappa 
Lappen, OS. lappo Zipfel, MLG. lappe Stuck, Lappen, Wamme. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 209 

Cowlick 

162:80. Bornh. koslik tuft of hair which will fall only one way, 
NE. cowlick a tuft of hair turned up or awry (usually over the 
forehead) as if licked by a cow. 

Fringe, Thread 

162:81. Sw. dial, fjas small fuzz: fjasi fuzzy, fjdsskjad kinky 
(hair), fjas idle running, over-attentiveness, fos tuft, bow (for the 
hair) : ODan. fjo'skbenet mit Haaren od. Federn an den Beinen, Sw. 
fjosbent id., ODan. fj<f>s, f0s Faden, Faser, MLG. vese Spreu, Faden, 
Franse, OHG. fasa, faso Faden, Franse, Kante an Kleidern, OE. fas 
fringe, MHG. vaser Franse, NHG. Faser. Cf. F-T 227 f. 

162:82. Goth, tag! hair, ON. tagl horse's tail (114:07), OE. tcegl 
tail, OHG., MHG. zagel Schwanz, Stachel, mannliches Glied (141: 
63), Rute, MLG. tagel Endstuck eines Taues, Norw. tegla curl, little 
hair tuft, a thin branch, ON. tag Wurzel, Faser, MHG. zach, zahe 
Docht, Lunte, Skt. daga Zettelfaden am Ende eines Gewebes, Franse, 
Lampendocht (Zupitza, Gutt. 192 with references): Goth, tahjan 
reissen, zerren, Skt. ddcati beisst, etc. (Wood, IE. a x , 68). Cf. Fick 
III 4 , 152. 

Hair-Shoot 

162:83. ESw. harspira tuft of hair, especially on the crown of 
the head (Mr hair 162:71), Norw. spira jet, thin bone, forelock: 
OSw. spira stalk, sprout, Sw., Norw. spira shoot up, Sw. spira spire, 
OE. splr tapering shoot (of reed), NE. spire. 

162:84. ESw. marr-spira whiskers (as of a cat): marr-, marra 
creak, growl, spit, purr, nag, grumble, grieve, be hurt, ache-J-s/nVa 
(162:83). 

162:85. ESw. nurr-spir whiskers (as of a cat): nurr, nurra 
grumble, growl, purr, hum, cry, wail+s^r (162:83). 

162:86. ESw. snurr(spira) whiskers (as of a cat): snurr, snurra 
purr, buzz, Sw. snurra turn like a top+spi'ra (162:83). 

Stump, Bunch, Roll, Tuft, Tangle, etc. 

162:87. Far. dokkur, hdrdokkur curly hair, curl: Dan. docke 
puppet, dukke puppet, skein, Sw. docka id., ON. dokka girl, post, 
bundle, MLG. docke Spielpuppe, runder Pfosten, Strohbundel, NLG. 



210 PARIS OF THE BOLT IX 

Fadeniitze, MHG. focfo Spielpuppe, junges Madchen, Bund, 
walzenformiges Stuck,. XE. docft Stumpf, abgehauener Schwanz: 
Lith. duino.s dick ; beleibt 'Wood, Mod. Phil XI, 333. . Cf. 149:07. 

162:88. ShetL (fcxfcJ tuft, tangled lock. Norw. dod.d. dott tuft, 
wisp. lump. Far. doddur, d.ottur tuft. wisp, tuft of hair, forelock: 
dodafimmur the tip of a Faroese shoe, tip of the toe, Dan. dial, dot 
Zwirnknauel, Strohwisch zum Decken. Pfropfen, LG. dutje Faden- 
bundel. Sw. dial, dotta kleines Madchen, dott kleiner Haufen, Buschel, 
Wisch, Norw. dott Buschel, Wisch, kleiner Haufen, Einfaltspinsel, 
Schafskopi OE. dott speck, head (of a boil] , XE. dot, Du. o?o£ Fetzen: 
Gr. ^xrorn Quaste, Frar.se. Cf. 162:87 and Mod. Phil XI, 333. 

162:89. Dan. knebel knebdsbart, ODan. knebdbart, knzielbar't,. 
OSw. knafvelbdr^-borrej mustache, loan-word from MHG., knebelbart, 
Du. knetfdbaard mustache: OHG. knebU Querholz, Quereisen, OX. 
fcne/32 post, pole. Cf . 86 : 04. 

162 : 90. Sw. dial. feu hair : has heap. ktua heap up. Cf . 1 12 : 21 . 

162:91. Sw. dial, kassuk lock of hair, primarily probably 
'bunch, tuff: OE. eassoc sedge. grass, XE. dial, cassock 

couchgrass, any kind of binding weed (W.] . 

162:92. ESw. stickel lop. tuft of hair, stump, peg, short tip, 
quick in horn (157:03 

162:93. OX. foppr tuft, lock of hair, forelock, top, mast, top 
mast, head. Xlcei. tappur top. crest (4:06), tuft of hair, OSw. toj/f/r 
top. crown of the head (3:03), tuft of hair, ESw. tupp braid of hair, 
fcoj end, OE. fop(p) top. OFris. fop Zopf, Buschel Haare, 
OHG. sopfc, zopf Zopf, Haarflechte, Ende eines Dings: MLG. tobben 
zupfen, locken, zwacken, zerren, MDu. toven zupfen, XHG. zupfen, 
ME,. XE. tuft. Cf. Wood, IE. a* 68. 

162: 94. Xorw. or/v.-se tuft of hair over the forehead, mane over a 
stallion's forehead: brusa sich ausbreiten, sich bauschen, LG. b 
neue Schossiinge treiben, sich ausbreiten, brut Quaste. Buschel, 
Straus-, etc,, brv.d: a bunch of straw or small plants, broom, bundle. 
Cf. 159:01 and 162:10. 

162:95. Xorw. fazgr, /^arg the coarse hair on the horse's tail or 
mane (collectively, , ho.rga cut the mane; Xorw. hagre. Sw. dial. 
ho.grd oats, Icei. hetttrihagra a kind of thynie (Ross 290, : Pruss. kexti 
Haar, Skt. kaca-h Haupthaar. Fick IIP, 68. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 211 

162:96. OX. haddr a lady's hair, OE. heordan hards of flax: 
OBulg. kosa Haar, kos??iu id., cesati kratzen, kammen, Lith. kasd 
Zopf, kasyti kratzen, striegeln. Zupitza, Gutt. 103 with references. 

162:97. Dan. pur shock of hair: Xorw. purra incite, irritate, 
tease, purre bur, a call to the cat. 

162:98. Goth, skuft, OX. skopt Haupthaar, OHG. scuft cesariem, 
MHG. schopf Schopf : OHG. scobar Schober, Haufe, scubil Buschel, 
OX. skufr tassel, skauf a fox's brush, OE. sceaf bundle, sheaf, OS. 
skof, OHG. scoub Biindel, Garbe, OE. scyfel, scyfle woman's head- 
dress. Ehrismann, PBB. XX, 55; Fick IIP, 470. Cf. 114:10. 

162:99. Sw. dial, torf, turf Haupthaar, Schopf: OX. torf Torf, 
torfa Torfscholle, OE. turf Torf, Rasen, XE. turf, OFris. turf, OHG. 
zurba, surf Rasen: Skt. darbhd-h Grasbuschel, Buschgras. Schade 2 
1305 f. with references; Fick III 4 , 158. 

162:100. Sw. dial, mar-sudd with same mg. as mara-fldta 
(162:39): mara-j-sudd: Sw. sudd clout, mop, eraser. 

162:101. MHG. zuse Gestriipp, Haarlocke, Haarstrang, zusach 
Gestriipp, zerzusen zersausen, EFris. tusen tear, XE. tou.se pull about 
roughly, dial, tuss the broken parts or refuse of hay, straw, etc., Xorw. 
tosa fray, wear out, Xlcel. tusa pull, drag, tuska rag, tatter, E. dial. 
tussock a tuft of coarse grass or heather, a clump of sedge or rushes, a 
tuft of hair. Wood,. Hesperia, Erganzungsreihe I, 47. 

162:102. MHG. golt-buschel weibl. Schamhaar: golt Gold + 
buschel Bund, Buschel, busch, bosch : bosche Busch, Gestrauch, 
Buschel. Similarly MHG. minnebuschel weibl. Schamhaar. 

162:103. Shetl. frisk tangled mass, tuft of hair: Far., Fris. i 
frisa entangle the hair, frisutur in disorder. 

162:104. Shetl. fross long, thick, and entangled hair or beard, 
bundle, mass which is spread out. 

162:105. Sw. dial, lurv tuft of hair, forelock, picke-lurc id. 
{pikko. strike, knockj : lurvo. tangle the hair, pull the hair, lunig shady. 

162:106. Xorw. klagde a tangled mass, curl: klo.gd.utt lumpy, 
tangled. Compare OHG. klungo. Klumpen, Knauel, Sw. klunga id., 
MHG. klungeln glomerare, XE. cling, etc., Germ, base *kla(n)g- 
cling, mass together. Or Xorw. klagde may be a blend of Germ. 
*kling-. H:lang- of the above and Xorw. lagd.e a tangled mass, curl. 
Cf. 162:107. 



212 PARTS OF THE BODY IN 



162:107. ON. lagdr tuft of wool or hair, NIcel. lagdur tuft of 
wool, Norw. lagde tangled curl or tuft of hair: Gr. c£\a£ • 7rr}xvs, 
Langob. lagi Schenkel, OE. lund-laga kidney. 

162: 108. OE. Ice head of hair. 

162:109. Sw. dial, flur face, forehead, head (1:50), uncombed 
hair, hair, caprice: flurig uncombed, tousled, confused, unruly, 
unsteady, intoxicated, flurr a kind of ruche which women use on their 
hats: E. dial, flur to ruffle, NE. flurry. 

162:110. Norw. fjaks entangled mass of hair, Shetl. fjag dust, 
etc., thin tousled hair: Norw. fjagg sparse grass or hair. 

162: 111. Far. pes, n. pesja f. old tangled wool on sheep: pesjetur 
tangled, Shetl. pesel tangled mass. 

162 : 1 12. Dan. dial, pjcevs tuft of wool or hair, a poorly and weak 
person, penis (141:49). 

162:113. Far. pjolter rag, tatter, tangled bunch, tuft of hair or 
wool, from pjol rag, tatter, an old tattered piece of cloth: E. dial. 
paltry rubbish, LG. palter rag. 

162 : 114. ESw. hdrstoppa hair : stoppa a little tuft of hay, straw, 
wool, etc., stuffing, Sw. stoppa stuff, MLG. stoppen, MHG. stopfen 
stopfen, OE. forstoppian stop up, close, pre-Germ. *stup-n- or 
*stubh-n-: Gr. arvcfyvos dicht, fest, o"nJ<£a> ziehe zusammen, mache 
dicht, hart, Skt. stupd-h, stupa-h Schopf, Haarbusch, Haufen, etc. 
(W.). Cf. Prellwitz, EL Wb. 2 439 f. 

162: 115. Dan. dial, tavs thin braiding of hair: Dan. tjavs tatter, 
rag, Dan. dial, timvs, kicevs tuft of hair on dogs or sheep, Dan. tave 
fiber, ODan. tuft of flax, wool, etc.: ON. pofi felt, pof crowding, 
thronging, pressure, Norw. tove, Sw. tova a tangled mass of hair, etc., 
OSw. thovan tangle, tangled hair: ON. pefja stampfen, Skt. vi- } sam- 
tdpati drangt, driickt, NPers. thaftan beugen, niederdriicken, Gr. 
raireivos niedrig, demutig. Cf. Fick III 4 , 180. 

162:116. Norw. tust a little tuft of hair: tusta tuft, bunch, 
bundle, a low tree with a bushy top, ON. pusta eine unformliche 
Masse, EFris. dust Klumpen, Haufen, wirre Masse, Wulst, Buschel, 
Zotte, OHG. dosto, MHG. doste Strauss, Buschel, Doste, Skt. tusa-h, 
-m Zipfel, Franse, tusa-h Hiilse des Getreides, root teu- in Skt. tulam 
Rispe, Wedel, Buschel, Gr. rvK-q swelling, lump, pad, Lat. tumeo etc. 
Wood, Mod. Phil. XI, 334. 



OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 213 

162:117. ESw. noss tuft of hair, forelock: nossa pull the hair, 
shake, Dan. nusse rub, dial, shake, OE. hnossian beat. 

162: 118. Sw. dial, nas tuft of hair hanging down over the fore- 
head: nas shake up, chastise, pull by the hair. 

162 : 119. Sw. dial, mar-tok with same mg. as mara-fldta (162 : 39) : 
mara-\-tok. 

162: 120. Sw. dial, mar-tov with same mg. as mara-fldta (162:39) : 
mar+tov. 

Something Fluffy or Downy 

162:121. ON. dunn down, bed of down, Norw., Sw. dun, Dan. 
dunn id., ON. daunn Duft, Geruch, Goth, dauns Dunst, OHG. toum 
Dampf , Dunst, Duft, tumon sich im Kreise drehen, ON. dyja bewegen, 
schutteln, MDu. donst, donse lanugo, Lith. duja Staub, dumai Rauch, 
OBulg. dymu Rauch, Gr. dvco brause, tobe, 0uco opfere, eig. lasse 
rauchen, Lat. fumus Rauch, Skt. dhunoti schuttelt, bewegt, dhumds 
Rauch, Dampf. Cf. Feist 62; Fick III 4 , 206 f.; Walde 2 324 f. and 
references. 

162:122. Shetl. fib down, short soft hair: ON. fifa cotton 



162:123. ESw. fiblar, fittfiblar (contempt) mustache. 

162:124. Sw. fjun fine hair, fuzz. Probably related to Dan. 
dial. (Jutl.) fyn, f(jm a plant of the species Eriophorum, perhaps also 
related to Norw. fjom a particle of dust, a mote. Compare the fc- 
forms: Sw. dial, fjuka, fyka, OSw. fiuka, ON. fjuka, Dan. fyge pass 
through the air quickly (said of dust, snow, etc.). Cf. Tamm 144. 

162:125. Sw. fan the fine hair on both sides of the shaft of a 
feather. 

162 : 126. Sw. dial, fjudd = Sw. fjun. 

162:127. Dan. fnok, fnug Haar, Fasern, Daunen: Sw. fnyk, 
fnugg Brocken, Staubchen, Sw. dial, fnok Staub. Das. dan. fnok 
kann seinen Auslaut (k fur g) dem synonymen flok verdanken (F-T 
247). 

162: 128. Sw. dial, lo fine hair, fuzz, hair on a skin. Cf. 162:60. 

162 : 129. Dan. flok, flocke, Sw. flock, flocka Flocke, Faser, from 
MLG. vlocke Wollflocke, Schneeflocke, OHG. flocko, NHG. Flocke, 
NE. flock. Cf. F-T 239. 



214 PARTS OF THE BODY IN OLDER GERMANIC AND SCANDINAVIAN 

Neck-Adornment 

162:130. ON. man, OE. manu, OFris. rnona, OHG. mana, 
MUG. mane mane: ON. men, OE. mene, OHG. menni Halsschmuck, 
Lat. monlle necklace, mane, Olr. muinde Halskette, muin Nacken, 
Skt. mamjCi Nacken. Cf. Walde 2 493 with references. 

162: 131. ON. manst0di place of the mane. 

162:132. Dan., Sw. manke mane: NIcel. makki upper part of a 
horse's neck (41:14), Mir. m,ong Mahne, Haar, Cymr. mwg Mahne. 
Probably from the above. But cf. Walde 2 493. 

Miscellaneous 

162:133. OE. drisn (Bosworth, but neither in Sweet nor in 
Thone) a wig, false hair: rupe vel drisne capillamenta. Mii. c. Gl. 35. 

162:134. Sw. polissonger side whiskers, from French polisson 
a scamp. 

162:135. Sw. slang prcussare turned-up mustache, lit. Prussian. 





INDEX 


(The figures refer to section numbors, not to pages) 


Abdomen, 103 


Corner of the mouth, 27 


Abomasum, 134 


Crest, 4 


Adam's apple, 49 


Crop, 127 


Afterbirth, 144 


Crotch, 74 


Amnion, 144 


Crown, 3 


Ankle, 86 




Anus, 113 


Diaphragm, 105 


Appendix, 137 


Dimple, 37 


Arch of the foot, 88 


Double chin, 39 


Arm, 50 




Arm bone, 51 


Ear, 20 


Armpit, 52 
Artery, 151 


Eardrum, 22 
Ear-lobe, -tip, 21 
Elbow, 54 


Back, 111 


Entrails, 135-36 


Back of the hand, 59 


Epiglottis, 48 


Beak, 23 


Eye, 10 


Belly, 103 


Eyeball, 16 


Bend of the knee, 81 


Eyebrow, 11 


Biceps, 53 


Eyelash, 12 


Bill, 23 


Eyelid, 13 


Bladder, 138 


Eye-socket, 14 


Blood, 152 




Blubber, 154 


Face, 9 


Blue in the eye, 18 


Fang, 32 


Body, 94 


Fat, 154 


Bone, 160 


Feather, 72 


Bosom, 99 


Fin, 73 


Brain, 2 


Finger, 62 


Breast, 99 


Finger tip, 63 


Breastbone, 100 


Fist, 56 




Flank, 118 


Calf, 79 


Flesh, 153 


Cartilage, 159 


Flipper, 85 


Caul, 144 


Foot, 83 


Cheek, 35 


Forefinger, 67 


Cheek bone, 36 


Forehead, 6 


Chin, 38 




Chorion, 144 


Genitals, 140 ff . 


Clavicle, 95 


Gill, 45 


Claw, 71 


Gizzard, 128 


Corner of the eye, 19 


Glottis, 47 



215 



216 



INDEX 



Groin, 119 
Gut, 136 

Hair, 162 

Hand, 56 

Harelip, 34 

Haunch, 116 

Head, 1 

Heart, 120 

Heel, 90 

Heel bone, 91 

Hindpart, 112 

Hip, 116 

Hip bone, 117 

Hollow of the hand, 58 

Hoof, 92 

Horn, 157 

Hump of the back, 110 

Instep, 87 
Intestine, 136 
Inwards, 135 

Jaw, 40 
Joint, 158 

Kidney, 126 
Knee, 80 
Knee joint, 81 
Kneepan, 82 
Knuckle, 69 

Larynx, 46 

Left hand, 61 

Leg, 77 

Limb, 75 

Lip, 33 

Little finger, 64 

Liver, 123 

Lobe of the liver, 124 

Loin, 118 

Lung, 122 

Marrow, 155 
Membrane, 144 
Membrum virile, 141 
Middle finger, 66 
Milt, 125 
Mouth, 26 



Muscle, 149 
Mustache, 162 

Nail, 70 
Navel, 104 
Nape, neck, 41 
Nerve, 148 
Nipple, 101 
Nose, 23 
Nostril, 24 

Omasum, 133 
Omentum, 144 

Palate, 44 
Palm, 57 
Paw, 83 
Pelvis, 115 
Pericardium, 121 
Perineum, 106 
Pit of tne neck, 42 
Pit of the stomach, 130 
Podex, 112 
Pore, 150 
Prepuce, 146 
Pudenda, 140 ff. 
Pudendum muliebre, 143 
Pupil of the eye, 15 

Quick, 156 

Reticulum, 132 
Rib, 107 
Right hand, 60 
Ring finger, 65 
Root of the tongue, 29 
Rumen, 131 
Rump, 112 

Scale, 147 

Scalp, 5 

Scapula, 96 

Scrotum, 142 

Septum of the nose, 25 

Shank, 77 

Shin, 78 

Shoulder, 97 

Side, 118 

Sinew, 148 



INDEX 



217 



Skeleton, 161 
Skin, 145 
Skull, 1 
Snout, 23 
Sole, 89 
Spine, 109 
Stomach, 129 

Tail, 114 
Teat, 101 
Temple, 7 
Tendon, 148 
Tentacles, 8 
Testicle, 142 
Thigh, 76 
Thorax, 99 
Throat, 43 
Thumb, 68 
Tip of the tongue, 30 
Toe, 93 



Tongue, 28 
Tooth, 32 
Trunk, 94 

Udder, 101 
Urethra, 151 
Uterus, 139 
Uvula, 31 

Vein, 151 
Vertebra, 108 
Viscera, 135 

Waist, 102 
Webfoot, 84 
White of the eye, 17 
Wing, 72 
Withers, 98 
Womb, 139 
Wrist, 55 



.# 







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